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Hoy BA, Bi M, Lam M, Krishnasamy G, Abdalmalak A, Fenesi B. Hyperactivity in ADHD: Friend or Foe? Brain Sci 2024; 14:719. [PMID: 39061459 PMCID: PMC11274564 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivity may play a functional role in upregulating prefrontal cortical hypoarousal and executive functioning in ADHD. This study investigated the neurocognitive impact of movement during executive functioning on children with ADHD. METHODS Twenty-four children with and without ADHD completed a Stroop task and self-efficacy ratings while remaining stationary (Stationary condition) and while desk cycling (Movement condition). Simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recorded oxygenated and deoxygenated changes in hemoglobin within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). RESULTS Among children with ADHD, the Movement condition produced superior Stroop reaction time compared to the Stationary condition (p = 0.046, d = 1.00). Self-efficacy improved in the Movement condition (p = 0.033, d = 0.41), whereas it did not in the Stationary condition (p = 0.323). Seventy-eight percent of participants showed greater oxygenation in the left DLPFC during the Movement condition vs. the Stationary condition. Among children without ADHD, there were no differences in Stroop or self-efficacy outcomes between Stationary and Movement conditions (ps > 0.085, ts < 1.45); 60% of participants showed greater oxygenation in the left DLPFC during the Movement vs. the Stationary condition. CONCLUSIONS This work provides supportive evidence that hyperactivity in ADHD may be a compensatory mechanism to upregulate PFC hypoarousal to support executive functioning and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly-Ann Hoy
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (B.-A.H.); (M.B.); (M.L.); (G.K.)
| | - Michelle Bi
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (B.-A.H.); (M.B.); (M.L.); (G.K.)
| | - Matthew Lam
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (B.-A.H.); (M.B.); (M.L.); (G.K.)
| | - Gayuni Krishnasamy
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (B.-A.H.); (M.B.); (M.L.); (G.K.)
| | - Androu Abdalmalak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Barbara Fenesi
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (B.-A.H.); (M.B.); (M.L.); (G.K.)
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Butler S, Sculley D, Santos D, Girones X, Singh-Grewal D, Coda A. Using Digital Health Technologies to Monitor Pain, Medication Adherence and Physical Activity in Young People with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Feasibility Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:392. [PMID: 38338277 PMCID: PMC10855480 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can be influenced by pain, medication adherence, and physical activity. A new digital health intervention, InteractiveClinics, aims to monitor these modifiable risk factors. Twelve children, aged 10 to 18 years, received daily notifications on a smartwatch to record their pain levels and take their medications, using a customised mobile app synchronised to a secure web-based platform. Daily physical activity levels were automatically recorded by wearing a smartwatch. Using a quantitative descriptive research design, feasibility and user adoption were evaluated. The web-based data revealed the following: Pain: mean app usage: 68% (SD 30, range: 28.6% to 100%); pain score: 2.9 out of 10 (SD 1.8, range: 0.3 to 6.2 out of 10). Medication adherence: mean app usage: 20.7% (SD, range: 0% to 71.4%), recording 39% (71/182) of the expected daily and 37.5% (3/8) of the weekly medications. Pro-re-nata (PRN) medication monitoring: 33.3% (4/12), one to six additional medications (mean 3.5, SD 2.4) for 2-6 days. Physical activity: watch wearing behaviour: 69.7% (439/630), recording low levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean: 11.8, SD: 13.5 min, range: 0-47 min). To conclude, remote monitoring of real-time data is feasible. However, further research is needed to increase adoption rates among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Butler
- School of Bioscience and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia;
| | - Dean Sculley
- School of Bioscience and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia;
| | - Derek Santos
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK;
| | - Xavier Girones
- Department of Research, Universities de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Davinder Singh-Grewal
- Department of Rheumatology, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network (Randwick), Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
- Department of Rheumatology, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network (Westmead), Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- John Hunter Children’s Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Coda
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Equity in Health and Wellbeing Research Program, The Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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Cibrian FL, Monteiro E, Schuck SEB, Nelson M, Hayes GR, Lakes KD. Interdisciplinary Tensions When Developing Digital Interventions Supporting Individuals With ADHD. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:876039. [PMID: 35633736 PMCID: PMC9133410 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.876039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franceli L. Cibrian
- Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Franceli L. Cibrian
| | - Elissa Monteiro
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina E. B. Schuck
- Pediatrics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michele Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Gillian R. Hayes
- Pediatrics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Informatics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kimberley D. Lakes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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