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Chen J, Cai Y, Wang Z, Xu Z, Zhuang W, Liu D, Lv Y, Wang S, Xu J, Ying H. Solid-state fermentation of corn straw using synthetic microbiome to produce fermented feed: The feed quality and conversion mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171034. [PMID: 38369147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Straw is a typical biomass resource which can be converted into high nutritional value feed via microbial fermentation. The degradation and conversion of straw using a synthetic microbial community (SMC-8) was functionally investigated to characterise its nitrogen conversion and carbon metabolism. Four species of bacteria were found to utilise >20 % of the inorganic nitrogen within 15 h, and the ratio of the diameter of fungal transparent circles (D) to the diameter of the colony (d) of the four fungal species was >1. Solid-state fermentation of corn straw increased the total amino acid (AA) content by 41.69 %. The absolute digestibility of fermented corn straw dry weight (DW) and true protein was 34.34 % and 45.29 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of functional proteins revealed that Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter johnsonii produce a complex enzyme system during corn straw fermentation, which plays a key role in the degradation of lignocellulose. This study provided a new insight in utilizing corn straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yafan Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Ke xue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wang Q, Li W, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S, Fan D, Hu Y. The isolation, identification, whole-genome sequencing of Clostridium butyricum LV1 and its effects on growth performance, immune response, and disease-resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127384. [PMID: 37141852 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a strain of Clostridium butyricum was isolated from the intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei with the method of anaerobic microbial isolation and culture. Next, the probiotic properties of LV1 were evaluated with susceptibility tests, tolerance tests, and whole genome sequencing in vivo and in vitro, followed by the analysis of the effect of LV1 on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. According to the results, the 16 S rDNA sequence of LV1 was 100% homolofgous to the reference sequence of Clostridium butyricum. Moreover, LV1 was resistant to several antibiotics including amikacin, streptomycin, and gentamicin and highly tolerated artificial gastric and artificial intestinal fluids. The whole genome of LV1 was 4625,068 bp in size and included 4336 coding genes. Among these genes, GO, KEGG, and COG databases exhibited the highest number of genes annotated to metabolic pathway classes and 105 genes annotated as glycoside hydrolases. Meanwhile, 176 virulence genes were predicted. The use of diets supplemented with 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg of LV1 live cells significantly increased the weight gain and specific growth rates of Litopenaeus vannamei and the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the use of these diets markedly improved the relative expression of intestinal immunity- and growth-related genes. In conclusion, LV1 has excellent probiotic properties. Specifically, the addition of 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg of LV1 live cells to the diet improved the growth performance, immune response, and disease-resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Bio-Form Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Weikang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Depeng Fan
- Bio-Form Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- Bio-Form Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Foshan 528200, China
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