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Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EKE, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, Khashana R, Hanna MM, Abdelnaser A. Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39062040 PMCID: PMC11275228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hossam Abdelmonem
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelaal
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Eman K. E. Anwer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 4411601, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Rashwan
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yasmin F. Ahmed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rana Khashana
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mireille M. Hanna
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
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Yu J, Lu H, Zhu L. Mutation-driven resistance development in wastewater E. coli upon low-level cephalosporins: Pharmacophore contribution and novel mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121235. [PMID: 38310801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cephalosporins have been widely applied in clinical and veterinary settings and detected at increasing concentrations in water environments. They potentially induce high-level antibiotic resistance at environmental concentrations. This study characterized how typical wastewater bacteria developed heritable antibiotic resistance under exposure to different cephalosporins, including pharmacophore-resistance correlation, resistance mechanism, and occurrence of resistance-relevant mutations in different water environments. Wastewater-isolated E. coli JX1 was exposed to eight cephalosporins individually at 25 µg/L for 60 days. Multidrug resistance developed and diverse mutations arose in selected mutants, where a single mutation in ATP phosphoribosyltransferase encoding gene (hisG) resulted in up to 128-fold increase in resistance to meropenem. Molprint2D pharma RQSAR analysis revealed that hydrogen-bond acceptors and hydrophobic groups in the R1 and R2 substituents of cephalosporins contributed positively to antibiotic resistance. Some of these pharmacophores may persist during bio- or photo-degradation in the environment. hisG mutation confers a novel resistance mechanism by inhibiting fatty acid degradation, and its variants were more abundant in water-related E. coli (especially in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants) compared with those in non-water environments. These results suggest that specific degradation of particular pharmacophores in cephalosporins could be useful for controlling resistance development, and mutations in previously unreported resistance genes (e.g., hisG) can lead to overlooked antibiotic resistance risks in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zheng Y, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Wang J, Jin S, Qiao H, Jiang S, Fu H. Dual roles of CYP302A1 in regulating ovarian maturation and molting in Macrobrachium nipponense. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106336. [PMID: 37247747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CYP302A1 is a member of the Halloween genes in the cytochrome P450 supergene family, which play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in crustaceans and insects. In this study, we found that the Mn-CYP302A1sequence included typical CYP450 conserved domains. Phylogenic showed that it is closely related to crustaceans and insects. q-PCR analysis indicated that Mn-CYP302A1 was highly expressed in the ovaries and peaked before ovarian maturation. Mn-CYP302A1 expression was higher at the post-larval stage of day 15 than at other stages of embryogenesis. In situ hybridization indicated that Mn-CYP302A1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus, yolk granules, cell membrane and cytoplasm To further establish the function of CYP302A1, a 21-day RNA interference experiment was conducted. On day 16, the Gonad Somatic Index of the control group and the experimental group showed significant differences, with GSI of 11.72% in the control group and 3.21% in the experimental group. The cumulative proportion of the second entry into stage O-Ⅲ was 100% in the control group, while it was 41.67% in the experimental group on day 21. The ecdysone content was 8.91nmol/L in the control group and 6.11nmol/L in the experimental group on day 9. A significant difference in the molting proportion between the control group and the experimental group was also observed (49% in the control group and 34% in the experimental group) on day 16. Statistical results showed that the average molting cycle of the control group was 14.5 days, while that of the experimental group was 16.5 days. However, the morphological structure of ovarian tissue did not abnormal change. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Mn-CYP302A1 can promote ovarian maturation and molting in female M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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