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Feng Z, Zhao J, Nie M, Qu F, Li X, Wang J. Effects of exogenous auxin on yield in foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L.) when applied at the grain-filling stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1019152. [PMID: 36684766 PMCID: PMC9846363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is of high nutritious value, which is an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of the synthetic auxin naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the physiological processes of foxtail millet, and to provide a theoretical basis and technical approaches for its efficient use in millet cultivation. Two foxtail millet varieties ('Jingu 21' and 'Zhangzagu 5') were treated with six concentrations of NAA from 0-144 mg L-1 at the grain-filling stage in field experiments. The photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and grain yield were measured in foxtail millet. The results showed that low concentrations of NAA (18-36 mg L-1) increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the photosynthetic rate, and the activity of photosystem system II (PS II). At higher NAA concentrations, the facilitation effect of the treatments diminished, showing a clear concentration effect. In this study, yield was significantly and positively correlated with PS II effective quantum yield (Y(II)) and the PSII electron transport rate (ETR), and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), Y(II), and ETR. These results also indicated that exogenous NAA application promotes the production of ATP and NADPH by increasing the efficiency of electron transfer within the photosystems and also improved photochemical utilization, which facilitates the fixation and reduction of carbon, ultimately leading to an increase in Pn and increasing grain yield in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Li
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Juanling Wang,
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Matsui A, Todaka D, Tanaka M, Mizunashi K, Takahashi S, Sunaoshi Y, Tsuboi Y, Ishida J, Bashir K, Kikuchi J, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Kawaura K, Seki M. Ethanol induces heat tolerance in plants by stimulating unfolded protein response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:131-145. [PMID: 35729482 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol priming induces heat stress tolerance by the stimulation of unfolded protein response. Global warming increases the risk of heat stress-related yield losses in agricultural crops. Chemical priming, using safe agents, that can flexibly activate adaptive regulatory responses to adverse conditions, is a complementary approach to genetic improvement for stress adaptation. In the present study, we demonstrated that pretreatment of Arabidopsis with a low concentration of ethanol enhances heat tolerance without suppressing plant growth. We also demonstrated that ethanol pretreatment improved leaf growth in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants grown in the field conditions under high temperatures. Transcriptome analysis revealed a set of genes that were up-regulated in ethanol-pretreated plants, relative to water-pretreated controls. Binding Protein 3 (BIP3), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress marker chaperone gene, was among the identified up-regulated genes. The expression levels of BIP3 were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Root-uptake of ethanol was metabolized to organic acids, nucleic acids, amines and other molecules, followed by an increase in putrescine content, which substantially promoted unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and high-temperature acclimation. We also showed that inhibition of polyamine production and UPR signaling negated the heat stress tolerance induced by ethanol pretreatment. These findings collectively indicate that ethanol priming activates UPR signaling via putrescine accumulation, leading to enhanced heat stress tolerance. The information gained from this study will be useful for establishing ethanol-mediated chemical priming strategies that can be used to help maintain crop production under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsui
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kayoko Mizunashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunaoshi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Kawaura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Genomic Network Research Team, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
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