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Choy S, Thakur S, Polyakov E, Abdelaziz J, Lloyd E, Enriquez M, Jayan N, Fily Y, McGaugh S, Keene AC, Kowalko JE. Mutations in the albinism gene oca2 alter vision-dependent prey capture behavior in the Mexican tetra. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599419. [PMID: 38948816 PMCID: PMC11212897 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the phenotypic consequences of naturally occurring genetic changes, as well as their impact on fitness, is fundamental to understanding how organisms adapt to an environment. This is critical when genetic variants have pleiotropic effects, as determining how each phenotype impacted by a gene contributes to fitness is essential to understand how and why traits have evolved. A striking example of a pleiotropic gene contributing to trait evolution is the oca2 gene, coding mutations in which underlie albinism and reductions of sleep in the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus. Here, we characterize the effects of mutations in the oca2 gene on larval prey capture. We find that when conspecific surface fish with engineered mutations in the oca2 allele are hunting, they use cave-like, wide angle strikes to capture prey. However, unlike cavefish or surface fish in the dark, which rely on lateral line mediated hunting, oca2 mutant surface fish use vision when striking at prey from wide angles. Finally, we find that while oca2 mutant surface fish do not outcompete pigmented surface siblings in the dark, pigmented fish outcompete albino fish in the light. This raises the possibility that albinism is detrimental to larval feeding in a surface-like lighted environment, but does not have negative consequences for fish in cave-like, dark environments. Together, these results demonstrate that oca2 plays a role in larval feeding behavior in A. mexicanus. Further, they expand our understanding of the pleiotropic phenotypic consequences of oca2 in cavefish evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Choy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Sunishka Thakur
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Ellen Polyakov
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL
| | - Jennah Abdelaziz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | | | - Maya Enriquez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Nikita Jayan
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL
| | - Yaouen Fily
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL
| | - Suzanne McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX
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2
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Lloyd E, Rastogi A, Holtz N, Aaronson B, Craig Albertson R, Keene AC. Ontogeny and social context regulate the circadian activity patterns of Lake Malawi cichlids. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:299-313. [PMID: 37910192 PMCID: PMC11233325 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity patterns tend to be highly stereotyped and critical for executing many different behaviors including foraging, social interactions, and predator avoidance. Differences in the circadian timing of locomotor activity and rest periods can facilitate habitat partitioning and the exploitation of novel niches. As a consequence, closely related species often display highly divergent activity patterns, suggesting that shifts from diurnal to nocturnal behavior, or vice versa, are critical for survival. In Africa's Lake Malawi alone, there are over 500 species of cichlids, which inhabit diverse environments and exhibit extensive phenotypic variation. We have previously identified a substantial range in activity patterns across adult Lake Malawi cichlid species, from strongly diurnal to strongly nocturnal. In many species, including fishes, ecological pressures differ dramatically across life-history stages, raising the possibility that activity patterns may change over ontogeny. To determine if rest-activity patterns change across life stages, we compared the locomotor patterns of six Lake Malawi cichlid species. While total rest and activity did not change between early juvenile and adult stages, rest-activity patterns did, with juveniles displaying distinct activity rhythms that are more robust than adults. One distinct difference between juveniles and adults is the emergence of complex social behavior. To determine whether social context is required for activity rhythms, we next measured locomotor behavior in group-housed adult fish. We found that when normal social interactions were allowed, locomotor activity patterns were restored, supporting the notion that social interactions promote circadian regulation of activity in adult fish. These findings reveal a previously unidentified link between developmental stage and social interactions in the circadian timing of cichlid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Niah Holtz
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ben Aaronson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
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3
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Tidswell BK, Veliko-Shapko A, Tytell ED. The role of vision and lateral line sensing for schooling in giant danios (Devario aequipinnatus). J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246887. [PMID: 38680124 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Schooling is a collective behavior that relies on a fish's ability to sense and respond to the other fish around it. Previous work has identified 'rules' of schooling - attraction to neighbors that are far away, repulsion from neighbors that are too close and alignment with neighbors at the correct distance - but we do not understand well how these rules emerge from the sensory physiology and behavior of individual fish. In particular, fish use both vision and their lateral lines to sense each other, but it is unclear how much they rely on information from these sensory modalities to coordinate schooling behavior. To address this question, we studied how the schooling of giant danios (Devario aequipinnatus) changes when they are unable to see or use their lateral lines. We found that giant danios were able to school without their lateral lines but did not school in darkness. Surprisingly, giant danios in darkness had the same attraction properties as fish in light when they were in close proximity, indicating that they could sense nearby fish with their lateral lines. However, they were not attracted to more distant fish, suggesting that long-distance attraction through vision is important for maintaining a cohesive school. These results help us expand our understanding of the roles that vision and the lateral line play in the schooling of some fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben K Tidswell
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Eric D Tytell
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Policarpo M, Legendre L, Germon I, Lafargeas P, Espinasa L, Rétaux S, Casane D. The nature and distribution of putative non-functional alleles suggest only two independent events at the origins of Astyanax mexicanus cavefish populations. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38556874 PMCID: PMC10983663 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggested that cavefish populations of Astyanax mexicanus settled during the Late Pleistocene. This implies that the cavefish's most conspicuous phenotypic changes, blindness and depigmentation, and more cryptic characters important for cave life, evolved rapidly. RESULTS Using the published genomes of 47 Astyanax cavefish from la Cueva de El Pachón, El Sótano de la Tinaja, La Cueva Chica and El Sótano de Molino, we searched for putative loss-of-function mutations in previously defined sets of genes, i.e., vision, circadian clock and pigmentation genes. Putative non-functional alleles for four vision genes were identified. Then, we searched genome-wide for putative non-functional alleles in these four cave populations. Among 512 genes with segregating putative non-functional alleles in cavefish that are absent in surface fish, we found an enrichment in visual perception genes. Among cavefish populations, different levels of shared putative non-functional alleles were found. Using a subset of 12 genes for which putative loss-of-function mutations were found, we extend the analysis of shared pseudogenes to 11 cave populations. Using a subset of six genes for which putative loss-of-function mutations were found in the El Sótano del Toro population, where extensive hybridization with surface fish occurs, we found a correlation between the level of eye regression and the amount of putative non-functional alleles. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that very few putative non-functional alleles are present in a large set of vision genes, in accordance with the recent origin of Astyanax mexicanus cavefish. Furthermore, the genome-wide analysis indicates an enrichment of putative loss-of-function alleles in genes with vision-related GO-terms, suggesting that visual perception may be the function chiefly impacted by gene losses related to the shift from a surface to a cave environment. The geographic distribution of putative loss-of-function alleles newly suggests that cave populations from Sierra de Guatemala and Sierra de El Abra share a common origin, albeit followed by independent evolution for a long period. It also supports that populations from the Micos area have an independent origin. In El Sótano del Toro, the troglomorphic phenotype is maintained despite massive introgression of the surface genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Policarpo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement Et Écologie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
- Present Address: Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Legendre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement Et Écologie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Germon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement Et Écologie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Lafargeas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement Et Écologie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luis Espinasa
- School of Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Institut de Neuroscience Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay and CNRS, 91400, Saclay, France.
| | - Didier Casane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement Et Écologie, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
- Université Paris Cité, UFR Sciences du Vivant, 75013, Paris, France.
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Rodríguez-Morales R. Sensing in the dark: Constructive evolution of the lateral line system in blind populations of Astyanax mexicanus. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11286. [PMID: 38654714 PMCID: PMC11036076 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cave-adapted animals evolve a suite of regressive and constructive traits that allow survival in the dark. Most studies aiming at understanding cave animal evolution have focused on the genetics and environmental underpinnings of regressive traits, with special emphasis on vision loss. Possibly as a result of vision loss, other non-visual sensory systems have expanded and compensated in cave species. For instance, in many cave-dwelling fish species, including the blind cavefish of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, a major non-visual mechanosensory system called the lateral line, compensated for vision loss through morphological expansions. While substantial work has shed light on constructive adaptation of this system, there are still many open questions regarding its developmental origin, synaptic plasticity, and overall adaptive value. This review provides a snapshot of the current state of knowledge of lateral line adaption in A. mexicanus, with an emphasis on anatomy, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Multiple open avenues for future research in this system, and how these can be leveraged as tools for both evolutionary biology and evolutionary medicine, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico
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6
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Iwashita M, Tran A, Garcia M, Cashon J, Burbano D, Salgado V, Hasegawa M, Balmilero-Unciano R, Politan K, Wong M, Lee RWY, Yoshizawa M. Metabolic shift toward ketosis in asocial cavefish increases social-like affinity. BMC Biol 2023; 21:219. [PMID: 37840141 PMCID: PMC10577988 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social affinity and collective behavior are nearly ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but many lineages feature evolutionarily asocial species. These solitary species may have evolved to conserve energy in food-sparse environments. However, the mechanism by which metabolic shifts regulate social affinity is not well investigated. RESULTS In this study, we used the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), which features riverine sighted surface (surface fish) and cave-dwelling populations (cavefish), to address the impact of metabolic shifts on asociality and other cave-associated behaviors in cavefish, including repetitive turning, sleeplessness, swimming longer distances, and enhanced foraging behavior. After 1 month of ketosis-inducing ketogenic diet feeding, asocial cavefish exhibited significantly higher social affinity, whereas social affinity regressed in cavefish fed the standard diet. The ketogenic diet also reduced repetitive turning and swimming in cavefish. No major behavioral shifts were found regarding sleeplessness and foraging behavior, suggesting that other evolved behaviors are not largely regulated by ketosis. We further examined the effects of the ketogenic diet via supplementation with exogenous ketone bodies, revealing that ketone bodies are pivotal molecules positively associated with social affinity. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that fish that evolved to be asocial remain capable of exhibiting social affinity under ketosis, possibly linking the seasonal food availability and sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Iwashita
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Amity Tran
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Marianne Garcia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jia Cashon
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Devanne Burbano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Vanessa Salgado
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Malia Hasegawa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | | | - Kaylah Politan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Miki Wong
- Nā Pu'uwai Native Hawaiian Healthcare System, Kaunakakai, HI, 96748, USA
- Nutrition Services Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA
| | - Ryan W Y Lee
- Medical Staff Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Honolulu, HI, 96826, USA
| | - Masato Yoshizawa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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7
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Paz A, Holt KJ, Clarke A, Aviles A, Abraham B, Keene AC, Duboué ER, Fily Y, Kowalko JE. Changes in local interaction rules during ontogeny underlie the evolution of collective behavior. iScience 2023; 26:107431. [PMID: 37636065 PMCID: PMC10448030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective motion emerges from individual interactions which produce group-wide patterns in behavior. While adaptive changes to collective motion are observed across animal species, how local interactions change when these collective behaviors evolve is poorly understood. Here, we use the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, which exists as a schooling surface form and a non-schooling cave form, to study differences in how fish alter their swimming in response to neighbors across ontogeny and between evolutionarily diverged populations. We find that surface fish undergo a transition to schooling mediated by changes in the way fish modulate speed and turning relative to neighbors. This transition begins with the tendency to align to neighbors emerging by 28 days post-fertilization and ends with the emergence of robust attraction by 70 days post-fertilization. Cavefish exhibit neither alignment nor attraction at any stage of development. These results reveal how evolution alters local interactions to produce striking differences in collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paz
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Karla J. Holt
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Anik Clarke
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ari Aviles
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Briana Abraham
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Erik R. Duboué
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yaouen Fily
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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8
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Sifuentes-Romero I, Aviles AM, Carter JL, Chan-Pong A, Clarke A, Crotty P, Engstrom D, Meka P, Perez A, Perez R, Phelan C, Sharrard T, Smirnova MI, Wade AJ, Kowalko JE. Trait Loss in Evolution: What Cavefish Have Taught Us about Mechanisms Underlying Eye Regression. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:393-406. [PMID: 37218721 PMCID: PMC10445413 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction or complete loss of traits is a common occurrence throughout evolutionary history. In spite of this, numerous questions remain about why and how trait loss has occurred. Cave animals are an excellent system in which these questions can be answered, as multiple traits, including eyes and pigmentation, have been repeatedly reduced or lost across populations of cave species. This review focuses on how the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, has been used as a model system for examining the developmental, genetic, and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie eye regression in cave animals. We focus on multiple aspects of how eye regression evolved in A. mexicanus, including the developmental and genetic pathways that contribute to eye regression, the effects of the evolution of eye regression on other traits that have also evolved in A. mexicanus, and the evolutionary forces contributing to eye regression. We also discuss what is known about the repeated evolution of eye regression, both across populations of A. mexicanus cavefish and across cave animals more generally. Finally, we offer perspectives on how cavefish can be used in the future to further elucidate mechanisms underlying trait loss using tools and resources that have recently become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Sifuentes-Romero
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ari M Aviles
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph L Carter
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Allen Chan-Pong
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Anik Clarke
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick Crotty
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - David Engstrom
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Pranav Meka
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Alexandra Perez
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Riley Perez
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Christine Phelan
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Taylor Sharrard
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Maria I Smirnova
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Stiles–Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Amanda J Wade
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
| | - Johanna E Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL 33458, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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9
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Shelton DS, Dinges ZM, Khemka A, Sykes DJ, Suriyampola PS, Shelton DEP, Boyd P, Kelly JR, Bower M, Amro H, Glaholt SP, Latta MB, Perkins HL, Shaw JR, Martins EP. A pair of cadmium-exposed zebrafish affect social behavior of the un-exposed majority. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104119. [PMID: 37028532 PMCID: PMC10423439 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To account for global contamination events, we must identify direct and indirect pollutant effects. Although pollutants can have direct effects on individuals, it is unknown how a few contaminated individuals affect groups, a widespread social organization. We show environmentally relevant levels of cadmium (Cd) can have indirect social effects revealed in the social context of a larger group. Cd-contaminated individuals had poor vision and more aggressive responses, but no other behavioral effects. The presence of experienced Cd-exposed pairs in the groups had an indirect effect on the un-exposed individual's social interactions leading to the shoal becoming bolder and moving closer to a novel object than control groups. Because a few directly affected individuals could indirectly affect social behavior of the un-exposed majority, we believe that such acute but potentially important heavy metal toxicity could inform reliable predictions about the consequences of their use in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia S Shelton
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Dr., Coral Gables, FL 33134, USA.
| | - Zoe M Dinges
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Anuj Khemka
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Delawrence J Sykes
- Department of Biology, Berry College, 2277 Martha Berry Hwy NW, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Piyumika S Suriyampola
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Hall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Ploypenmas Boyd
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon State University, 128 Kidder Hall, Corvallis 97331, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TX 37996, USA
| | - Myra Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TX 37996, USA
| | - Halima Amro
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Austin Peay Building, Knoxville, TX 37996, USA
| | - Stephen P Glaholt
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Mitchell B Latta
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Hannah L Perkins
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Joseph R Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Emília P Martins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Hall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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10
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Ioannou CC, Laskowski KL. A multi-scale review of the dynamics of collective behaviour: from rapid responses to ontogeny and evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220059. [PMID: 36802782 PMCID: PMC9939272 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective behaviours, such as flocking in birds or decision making by bee colonies, are some of the most intriguing behavioural phenomena in the animal kingdom. The study of collective behaviour focuses on the interactions between individuals within groups, which typically occur over close ranges and short timescales, and how these interactions drive larger scale properties such as group size, information transfer within groups and group-level decision making. To date, however, most studies have focused on snapshots, typically studying collective behaviour over short timescales up to minutes or hours. However, being a biological trait, much longer timescales are important in animal collective behaviour, particularly how individuals change over their lifetime (the domain of developmental biology) and how individuals change from one generation to the next (the domain of evolutionary biology). Here, we give an overview of collective behaviour across timescales from the short to the long, illustrating how a full understanding of this behaviour in animals requires much more research attention on its developmental and evolutionary biology. Our review forms the prologue of this special issue, which addresses and pushes forward understanding the development and evolution of collective behaviour, encouraging a new direction for collective behaviour research. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate L. Laskowski
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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11
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Paz A, Holt KJ, Clarke A, Aviles A, Abraham B, Keene AC, Duboué ER, Fily Y, Kowalko JE. Changes in local interaction rules during ontogeny underlie the evolution of collective behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534467. [PMID: 37034671 PMCID: PMC10081253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Collective motion emerges from individual interactions which produce groupwide patterns in behavior. While adaptive changes to collective motion are observed across animal species, how local interactions change when these collective behaviors evolve is poorly understood. Here, we use the Mexican tetra, A. mexicanus, which exists as a schooling surface form and a non-schooling cave form, to study differences in how fish alter their swimming in response to neighbors across ontogeny and between evolutionarily diverged populations. We find that surface fish undergo a transition to schooling during development that occurs through increases in inter-individual alignment and attraction mediated by changes in the way fish modulate speed and turning relative to neighbors. Cavefish, which have evolved loss of schooling, exhibit neither of these schooling-promoting interactions at any stage of development. These results reveal how evolution alters local interaction rules to produce striking differences in collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paz
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | - Karla J. Holt
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | - Anik Clarke
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | - Ari Aviles
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | - Briana Abraham
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | | | - Erik R. Duboué
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
| | - Yaouen Fily
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL
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Rodriguez-Morales R, Gonzalez-Lerma P, Yuiska A, Han JH, Guerra Y, Crisostomo L, Keene AC, Duboue ER, Kowalko JE. Convergence on reduced aggression through shared behavioral traits in multiple populations of Astyanax mexicanus. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:116. [PMID: 36241984 PMCID: PMC9563175 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Results Conclusion Supplementary information
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Morales
- grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 18015 Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - Paola Gonzalez-Lerma
- grid.255951.fDepartment of Integrative Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 33431 Boca Raton, FL USA
| | - Anders Yuiska
- grid.255951.fCharles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 33431 Boca Raton, FL USA
| | - Ji Heon Han
- grid.255951.fCharles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 33431 Boca Raton, FL USA ,grid.255951.fProgram in Integrative Biology and Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, 33458 Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Yolanda Guerra
- grid.255951.fHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, 33458 Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Lina Crisostomo
- grid.255951.fHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, 33458 Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Alex C. Keene
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX USA
| | - Erik R. Duboue
- grid.255951.fCharles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 33431 Boca Raton, FL USA ,grid.255951.fHarriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, 33458 Jupiter, FL USA
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 18015 Bethlehem, PA USA
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