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Choo YJ, Kim JH, Chang MC. Three-dimensional printing technology applied to the production of prosthesis: A systemic narrative review. Prosthet Orthot Int 2024:00006479-990000000-00254. [PMID: 38896537 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the effects of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed prostheses. Articles published up to August 19, 2023, were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases. The search terms used were "3D printed prosthesis," "3D printed prostheses," "3D printed prosthe*," "3D printed artificial arm," "3D printed artificial leg," "3D printing prosthesis," "3D printing prostheses," "3D printing prosthe*," "3D printing artificial arm," and "3D printing artificial leg." This review included studies that applied 3D-printed prostheses to upper- or lower-limb amputees. Case reports, conference abstracts, presentations, reviews, and unidentified articles were excluded from the analysis. A total of 937 articles were identified, 11 of which were included after confirming eligibility through the title, abstract, and full text. The results indicated that the 3D-printed prostheses demonstrated the ability to substitute for the functions of impaired limbs, similar to conventional prostheses. Notably, the production cost and weight were reduced compared with those of conventional prostheses, increasing patient satisfaction. The use of 3D-printed prostheses is expected to gain prominence in future clinical practice. However, concerns regarding the durability of 3D-printed prostheses have increased among users. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to explore highly durable materials that can withstand the weight of the user without breaking easily. In addition, advancements are required in technologies that enable the depiction of various skin tones and the production of smaller-sized prostheses suitable for clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Choo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Welfare Technology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ramlee MH, Ammarullah MI, Mohd Sukri NS, Faidzul Hassan NS, Baharuddin MH, Abdul Kadir MR. Investigation on three-dimensional printed prosthetics leg sockets coated with different reinforcement materials: analysis on mechanical strength and microstructural. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6842. [PMID: 38514731 PMCID: PMC10958049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has primarily focused on pre-processing parameters such as design, material selection, and printing techniques to improve the strength of 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets. However, these methods fail to address the major challenges that arise post-printing, namely failures at the distal end of the socket and susceptibility to shear failure. Addressing this gap, the study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets through post-processing techniques. Fifteen PLA + prosthetic leg sockets are fabricated and reinforced with four materials: carbon fiber, carbon-Kevlar fiber, fiberglass, and cement. Mechanical and microstructural properties of the sockets are evaluated through axial compression testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results highlight superior attributes of cement-reinforced sockets, exhibiting significantly higher yield strength (up to 89.57% more than counterparts) and higher Young's modulus (up to 76.15% greater). SEM reveals correlations between microstructural properties and socket strength. These findings deepen the comprehension of 3D-printed prosthetic leg socket post-processing, presenting optimization prospects. Future research can focus on refining fabrication techniques, exploring alternative reinforcement materials, and investigating the long-term durability and functionality of post-processed 3D-printed prosthetic leg sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Ramlee
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
- Bioinspired Devices and Tissue Engineering (BIOINSPIRA) Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
- Undip Biomechanics Engineering and Research Centre (UBM-ERC), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, 40153, West Java, Indonesia.
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, 40153, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nurelisya Suraya Mohd Sukri
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syafiqah Faidzul Hassan
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hanif Baharuddin
- Bone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Devin KM, Tang J, Hamilton AR, Moser D, Jiang L. Assessment of 3D printed mechanical metamaterials for prosthetic liners. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:348-357. [PMID: 38279687 PMCID: PMC10941651 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231225529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on novel design and evaluation of Elastic 50A (EL50) mechanical metamaterials with open-cell patterns for its potential application to lower limb residuum/socket interfaces, specifically that of a transtibial (TT) amputee. Mechanical characteristics, that is, effective Young's modulus (E), was tuned by altering metamaterial porosity, which was experimentally verified. Specifically, pore radius of the unit cell was varied to achieve a range of E-values (0.05-1.71 MPa) for these 3D printed metamaterials. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to evaluate pressure distribution across key load-bearing anatomical sites of a TT residuum. Using designed metamaterials for homogeneous liners, pressure profiles were studied and compared with a silicone liner case. Additionally, a custom metamaterial liner was designed by assigning appropriate metamaterials to four load-sensitive and tolerant anatomical sites of the TT residuum. The results suggest that lowest pressure variation (PV), as a measure of pressure distribution levels and potential comfort for amputees, was achieved by the custom metamaterial liner compared to any of the homogeneous liners included in this study. It is envisaged that this work may aid future design and development of custom liners using now commonly available 3D printing technologies and available elastomer materials to maximise comfort, tissue safety and overall rehabilitation outcomes for lower limb amputees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie M Devin
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinghua Tang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew R Hamilton
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Moser
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liudi Jiang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Gutierrez A. Exploring The Future of Prosthetics and Orthotics: Harnessing The Potential of 3D Printing. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL 2023; 6:42140. [PMID: 38873127 PMCID: PMC11168592 DOI: 10.33137/cpoj.v6i2.42140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the transformative impact of 3D printing on Orthotics and Prosthetics, focusing on enhancing patient outcomes and clinical efficiency. Over the past decade, the integration of additive manufacturing has revolutionized device fabrication, particularly in diagnostic socket production, leading to significant time reductions in patient care. This article addresses challenges such as material limitations and the need for equivalent strength to traditional sockets, exploring the use of PETG filaments and advanced printers. It emphasizes the role of digital scanning and model modification technology, highlighting affordable solutions like Structure Sensor Scanners and iPhone-based capture systems in shaping the digital workflow. The importance of a standardized digital workflow in clinical settings is discussed, showcasing reduced practitioner time and improved patient care. The paper concludes by outlining ongoing efforts to enhance patient care through automation and flexible prints. In summary, this paper provides a concise overview of the impactful advancements in Orthotics and Prosthetics through 3D printing, highlighting its potential for improved clinical efficiency and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R Gutierrez
- Bionic Prosthetics and Orthotics Group LLC, Merrillville, Indiana, USA
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