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Bermudez Y, Hatfield D, Muller M. A Balancing Act: The Viral-Host Battle over RNA Binding Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:474. [PMID: 38543839 PMCID: PMC10974049 DOI: 10.3390/v16030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of a productive viral infection is the co-opting of host cell resources for viral replication. Despite the host repertoire of molecular functions and biological counter measures, viruses still subvert host defenses to take control of cellular factors such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are involved in virtually all steps of mRNA life, forming ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) in a highly ordered and regulated process to control RNA fate and stability in the cell. As such, the hallmark of the viral takeover of a cell is the reshaping of RNA fate to modulate host gene expression and evade immune responses by altering RBP interactions. Here, we provide an extensive review of work in this area, particularly on the duality of the formation of RNP complexes that can be either pro- or antiviral. Overall, in this review, we highlight the various ways viruses co-opt RBPs to regulate RNA stability and modulate the outcome of infection by gathering novel insights gained from research studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandy Muller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.B.); (D.H.)
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Wan X, Chen C, Wang S, Qin D, Li L, Yu L, Wu X. LSM14B coordinates protein component expression in the P-body and controls oocyte maturation. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:48-60. [PMID: 37481122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The generation of mature and healthy oocytes is the most critical event in the entire female reproductive process, and the mechanisms regulating this process remain to be studied. Here, we demonstrate that Smith-like (LSM) family member 14B (LSM14B) regulates oocyte maturation, and the loss of LSM14B in mouse ovaries leads to abnormal oocyte MII arrest and female infertility. Next, we find the aberrant transcriptional activation, indicated by abnormal non-surrounded nucleolus and surrounded nucleolus oocyte proportions, and abnormal chromosome assembly and segregation in Lsm14b-deficient mouse oocytes. The global transcriptome analysis suggests that many transcripts involved in cytoplasmic processing body (P-body) function are altered in Lsm14b-deficient mouse oocytes. Deletion of Lsm14b results in the expression and/or localization changes of P-body components (such as LSM14A, DCP1A, and 4E-T). Notably, DDX6, a key component of the P-body, is downregulated and accumulates in the nuclei in Lsm14b-deficient mouse oocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that LSM14B links mouse oocyte maturation to female fertility through the regulation of the P-body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lufan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Luping Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Ling YH, Chen Y, Leung KN, Chan KM, Liu WK. Cell cycle regulation of the psoriasis associated gene CCHCR1 by transcription factor E2F1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294661. [PMID: 38128007 PMCID: PMC10734992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) was first identified as a candidate gene in psoriasis and has lately been found to be associated with a wide range of clinical conditions including COVID-19. CCHCR1 is located within P-bodies and centrosomes, but its exact role in these two subcellular structures and its transcriptional control remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that CCHCR1 shares a bidirectional promoter with its neighboring gene, TCF19. This bidirectional promoter is activated by the G1/S-regulatory transcription factor E2F1, and both genes are co-induced during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. A luciferase reporter assay suggests that the short intergenic sequence, only 287 bp in length, is sufficient for the G1/S induction of both genes, but the expression of CCHCR1 is further enhanced by the presence of exon 1 from both TCF19 and CCHCR1. This research uncovers the transcriptional regulation of the CCHCR1 gene, offering new perspectives on its function. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of diseases associated with CCHCR1 and may serve as a foundational benchmark for future research in these vital medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Hin Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Nam Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - W. K. Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Malsick LE, Wilusz J. Dynamic "Cap"-abilities of P-bodies and the XRN1-EDC4 axis. EMBO J 2023; 42:e115310. [PMID: 37750488 PMCID: PMC10620757 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA turnover regulates the quality and quantity of cellular gene expression through a coordinated cavalcade of enzymes, factors, and phase transitions. In this issue, Brothers et al reveal the importance of balanced communication between the Xrn1 exonuclease and the EDC4 decapping factor to coordinate P-body dynamics and maintain cellular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Malsick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Brothers WR, Ali F, Kajjo S, Fabian MR. The EDC4-XRN1 interaction controls P-body dynamics to link mRNA decapping with decay. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113933. [PMID: 37621215 PMCID: PMC10620763 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decapping and decay is the major cytoplasmic mRNA turnover pathway in eukaryotes. Many mRNA decapping and decay factors are associated with each other via protein-protein interaction motifs. For example, the decapping enzyme DCP2 and the 5'-3' exonuclease XRN1 interact with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4 (EDC4), a large scaffold that has been reported to stimulate mRNA decapping. mRNA decapping and decay factors are also found in processing bodies (P-bodies), evolutionarily conserved ribonucleoprotein granules that are often enriched with mRNAs targeted for decay, yet paradoxically are not required for mRNA decay to occur. Here, we show that disrupting the EDC4-XRN1 interaction or altering their stoichiometry inhibits mRNA decapping, with microRNA-targeted mRNAs being stabilized in a translationally repressed state. Importantly, we demonstrate that this concomitantly leads to larger P-bodies that are responsible for preventing mRNA decapping. Finally, we demonstrate that P-bodies support cell viability and prevent stress granule formation when XRN1 is limiting. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the interaction between XRN1 and EDC4 regulates P-body dynamics to properly coordinate mRNA decapping with 5'-3' decay in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Brothers
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Farah Ali
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sam Kajjo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marc R Fabian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Department of OncologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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