2
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Xiao X, Wen Z, Chen Q, Shipman JM, Kostas J, Reid JC, Warren C, Tang A, Luo B, O’Donnell G, Fridman A, Chen Z, Vora KA, Zhang L, Su HP, Eddins MJ. Structural characterization of M8C10, a neutralizing antibody targeting a highly conserved prefusion-specific epitope on the metapneumovirus fusion trimerization interface. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105223. [PMID: 38032197 PMCID: PMC10734504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01052-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections worldwide and can develop severe symptoms in high-risk populations such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. There are no approved hMPV vaccines or neutralizing antibodies available for therapeutic or prophylactic use. The trimeric hMPV fusion F protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies in human sera. Understanding the immune recognition of antibodies to hMPV-F antigen will provide critical insights into developing efficacious hMPV monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- MRL Postdoctoral Research Program, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wen
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Shipman
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Kostas
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Reid
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Warren
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aimin Tang
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory O’Donnell
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Fridman
- Data Science and Scientific Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kalpit A. Vora
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hua-Poo Su
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J. Eddins
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Sacconnay L, De Smedt J, Rocha-Perugini V, Ong E, Mascolo R, Atas A, Vanden Abeele C, de Heusch M, De Schrevel N, David MP, Bouzya B, Stobbelaar K, Vanloubbeeck Y, Delputte PL, Mallett CP, Dezutter N, Warter L. The RSVPreF3-AS01 vaccine elicits broad neutralization of contemporary and antigenically distant respiratory syncytial virus strains. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg6050. [PMID: 37611082 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The RSVPreF3-AS01 vaccine, containing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein and the AS01 adjuvant, was previously shown to boost neutralization responses against historical RSV strains and to be efficacious in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract diseases in older adults. Although RSV F is highly conserved, variation does exist between strains. Here, we characterized variations in the major viral antigenic sites among contemporary RSV sequences when compared with RSVPreF3 and showed that, in older adults, RSVPreF3-AS01 broadly boosts neutralization responses against currently dominant and antigenically distant RSV strains. RSV-neutralizing responses are thought to play a central role in preventing RSV infection. Therefore, the breadth of RSVPreF3-AS01-elicited neutralization responses may contribute to vaccine efficacy against contemporary RSV strains and those that may emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Stobbelaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Peter L Delputte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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4
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Hollingsworth SA, Noland CL, Vroom K, Saha A, Sam M, Gao Q, Zhou H, Grandy DU, Singh S, Wen Z, Warren C, Ma XS, Malashock D, Galli J, Go G, Eddins M, Mayhood T, Sathiyamoorthy K, Fridman A, Raoufi F, Gomez-Llorente Y, Patridge A, Tang Y, Chen SJ, Bailly M, Ji C, Kingsley LJ, Cheng AC, Geierstanger BH, Gorman DM, Zhang L, Pande K. Discovery and multimerization of cross-reactive single-domain antibodies against SARS-like viruses to enhance potency and address emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13668. [PMID: 37608223 PMCID: PMC10444775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been the causative agent of three epidemics and pandemics in the past two decades, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A broadly-neutralizing coronavirus therapeutic is desirable not only to prevent and treat COVID-19, but also to provide protection for high-risk populations against future emergent coronaviruses. As all coronaviruses use spike proteins on the viral surface to enter the host cells, and these spike proteins share sequence and structural homology, we set out to discover cross-reactive biologic agents targeting the spike protein to block viral entry. Through llama immunization campaigns, we have identified single domain antibodies (VHHs) that are cross-reactive against multiple emergent coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS). Importantly, a number of these antibodies show sub-nanomolar potency towards all SARS-like viruses including emergent CoV-2 variants. We identified nine distinct epitopes on the spike protein targeted by these VHHs. Further, by engineering VHHs targeting distinct, conserved epitopes into multi-valent formats, we significantly enhanced their neutralization potencies compared to the corresponding VHH cocktails. We believe this approach is ideally suited to address both emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants during the current pandemic as well as potential future pandemics caused by SARS-like coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Hollingsworth
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Cameron L Noland
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Karin Vroom
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Anasuya Saha
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Miranda Sam
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Qinshan Gao
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David U Grandy
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sujata Singh
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wen
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Christopher Warren
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Xiaohong Shirley Ma
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Daniel Malashock
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer Galli
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Gwenny Go
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Michael Eddins
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Todd Mayhood
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Sathiyamoorthy
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Arthur Fridman
- Data Science and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Fahimeh Raoufi
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yacob Gomez-Llorente
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Andrea Patridge
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yinyan Tang
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shi-Juan Chen
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Marc Bailly
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chengjie Ji
- NovaBioAssays, LLC, 52 Dragon Ct, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Laura J Kingsley
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Alan C Cheng
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Bernhard H Geierstanger
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Daniel M Gorman
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
| | - Kalyan Pande
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 East Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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5
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Cabán M, Rodarte JV, Bibby M, Gray MD, Taylor JJ, Pancera M, Boonyaratanakornkit J. Cross-protective antibodies against common endemic respiratory viruses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:798. [PMID: 36781872 PMCID: PMC9923667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza virus types one (HPIV1) and three (HPIV3) can cause severe disease and death in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and those with underlying lung disease. A protective monoclonal antibody exists for RSV, but clinical use is limited to high-risk infant populations. Hence, therapeutic options for these viruses in vulnerable patient populations are currently limited. Here, we present the discovery, in vitro characterization, and in vivo efficacy testing of two cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, one targeting both HPIV3 and HPIV1 and the other targeting both RSV and HMPV. The 3 × 1 antibody is capable of targeting multiple parainfluenza viruses; the MxR antibody shares features with other previously reported monoclonal antibodies that are capable of neutralizing both RSV and HMPV. We obtained structures using cryo-electron microscopy of these antibodies in complex with their antigens at 3.62 Å resolution for 3 × 1 bound to HPIV3 and at 2.24 Å for MxR bound to RSV, providing a structural basis for in vitro binding and neutralization. Together, a cocktail of 3 × 1 and MxR could have clinical utility in providing broad protection against four of the respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Cabán
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justas V Rodarte
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madeleine Bibby
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew D Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Harshbarger W, Abeyrathne PD, Tian S, Huang Y, Chandramouli S, Bottomley MJ, Malito E. Improved epitope resolution of the prefusion trimer-specific antibody AM14 bound to the RSV F glycoprotein. MAbs 2021; 13:1955812. [PMID: 34420474 PMCID: PMC8386734 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1955812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections resulting in medical intervention and hospitalizations during infancy and early childhood, and vaccination against RSV remains a public health priority. The RSV F glycoprotein is a major target of neutralizing antibodies, and the prefusion stabilized form of F (DS-Cav1) is under investigation as a vaccine antigen. AM14 is a human monoclonal antibody with the exclusive capacity of binding an epitope on prefusion F (PreF), which spans two F protomers. The quality of recognizing a trimer-specific epitope makes AM14 valuable for probing PreF-based immunogen conformation and functionality during vaccine production. Currently, only a low-resolution (5.5 Å) X-ray structure is available of the PreF-AM14 complex, revealing few reliable details of the interface. Here, we perform complementary structural studies using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to provide improved resolution structures at 3.6 Å and 3.4 Å resolutions, respectively. Both X-ray and cryo-EM structures provide clear side-chain densities, which allow for accurate mapping of the AM14 epitope on DS-Cav1. The structures help rationalize the molecular basis for AM14 loss of binding to RSV F monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants and reveal flexibility for the side chain of a key antigenic residue on PreF. This work provides the basis for a comprehensive understanding of RSV F trimer specificity with implications in vaccine design and quality assessment of PreF-based immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sai Tian
- GSK, Vaccine Design and Cellular Immunology, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- GSK, Vaccine Design and Cellular Immunology, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Enrico Malito
- GSK, Vaccine Design and Cellular Immunology, Rockville, MD, USA
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