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da Silva CR, Cabral VPDF, Rodrigues DS, Ferreira TL, Barbosa AD, de Andrade Neto JB, Barbosa SA, Moreira LEA, da Costa ÉRM, de Queiroz MVF, de Lima EA, Pinheiro DRS, Nobre Júnior HV, Valente Sá LGDA. Antibiofilm activity of promethazine against ESBL-producing strains of Escherichia coli in urinary catheters. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106769. [PMID: 38955237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Escherichia coli is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections. The formation of bacterial biofilms, especially associated with the use of urinary catheters, contributes to the establishment of recurrent infections and the development of resistance to treatment. Strains of E. coli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) have a greater ability to form biofilms. In addition, there is a lack of drugs available in the market with antibiofilm activity. Promethazine (PMZ) is an antihistamine known to have antimicrobial activity against different pathogens, including in the form of biofilms, but there are still few studies of its activity against ESBL E. coli biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PMZ against ESBL E. coli biofilms, as well as to assess the application of this drug as a biofilm prevention agent in urinary catheters. To this end, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of PMZ in ESBL E. coli strains were determined using the broth microdilution assay and tolerance level measurement. The activity of PMZ against the cell viability of the in vitro biofilm formation of ESBL E. coli was analyzed by the MTT colorimetric assay and its ability to prevent biofilm formation when impregnated in a urinary catheter was investigated by counting colony-forming units (CFU) and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMZ showed bactericidal activity and significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the viability of the biofilm being formed by ESBL E. coli at concentrations of 256 and 512 μg/ml, as well as preventing the formation of biofilm on urinary catheters at concentrations starting at 512 μg/ml by reducing the number of CFUs, as also observed by SEM. Thus, PMZ is a promising candidate to prevent the formation of ESBL E. coli biofilms on abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thais Lima Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Alves Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Aires de Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Livia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Xu KZ, You C, Wang YJ, Dar OI, Yin LJ, Xiang SL, Jia AQ. Repurposing promethazine hydrochloride to inhibit biofilm formation against Burkholderia thailandensis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:16. [PMID: 39033094 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an intracellular pathogen with a high mortality rate and significant antibiotic resistance. The high mortality rate and resistance to antibiotics have drawn considerable attention from researchers studying melioidosis. This study evaluated the effects of various concentrations (75, 50, and 25 µg/mL) of promethazine hydrochloride (PTZ), a potent antihistamine, on biofilm formation and lipase activity after 24 h of exposure to B. thailandensis E264. A concentration-dependent decrease in both biofilm biomass and lipase activity was observed. RT-PCR analysis revealed that PTZ treatment not only made the biofilm structure loose but also reduced the expression of btaR1, btaR2, btaR3, and scmR. Single gene knockouts of quorum sensing (QS) receptor proteins (∆btaR1, ∆btaR2, and ∆btaR3) were successfully constructed. Deletion of btaR1 affected biofilm formation in B. thailandensis, while deletion of btaR2 and btaR3 led to reduced lipase activity. Molecular docking and biological performance results demonstrated that PTZ inhibits biofilm formation and lipase activity by suppressing the expression of QS-regulated genes. This study found that repositioning PTZ reduced biofilm formation in B. thailandensis E264, suggesting a potential new approach for combating melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Zhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Chang You
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Owias Iqbal Dar
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shi-Liang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
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Fang ZY, Zhang ZY, Zheng YD, Lei D, Zhuang J, Li N, He QY, Sun X. Repurposing cinacalcet suppresses multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by disruption of cell membrane and inhibits biofilm by targeting IcaR. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:903-917. [PMID: 38412335 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR Staphylococcus aureus infections, along with the severity of biofilm-associated infections, continue to threaten human health to a great extent. It necessitates the urgent development of novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. OBJECTIVES To reveal the mechanism and target of cinacalcet as an antibacterial and antimicrobial agent for S. aureus. METHODS Screening of non-antibiotic drugs for antibacterial and antibiofilm properties was conducted using a small-molecule drug library. In vivo efficacy was assessed through animal models, and the antibacterial mechanism was studied using quantitative proteomics, biochemical assays, LiP-SMap, BLI detection and gene knockout techniques. RESULTS Cinacalcet, an FDA-approved drug, demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, with less observed development of bacterial resistance. Importantly, cinacalcet significantly improved survival in a pneumonia model and bacterial clearance in a biofilm infection model. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism of cinacalcet mainly involves the destruction of membrane-targeted structures, alteration of energy metabolism, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cinacalcet was found to target IcaR, inhibiting biofilm formation through the negative regulation of IcaADBC. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that cinacalcet has potential for repurposing as a therapeutic agent for MDR S. aureus infections and associated biofilms, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Ye Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Dan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Fernández-Billón M, Llambías-Cabot AE, Jordana-Lluch E, Oliver A, Macià MD. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 5:100129. [PMID: 37205903 PMCID: PMC10189392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of life-threatening acute infections and life-long lasting chronic infections. The characteristic biofilm mode of life in P. aeruginosa chronic infections severely limits the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies, as it leads to intrinsic tolerance, involving physical and physiological factors in addition to biofilm-specific genes that can confer a transient protection against antibiotics promoting the development of resistance. Indeed, a striking feature of this pathogen is the extraordinary capacity to develop resistance to nearly all available antibiotics through the selection of chromosomal mutations, evidenced by its outstanding and versatile mutational resistome. This threat is dramatically amplified in chronic infections, driven by the frequent emergence of mutator variants with enhanced spontaneous mutation rates. Thus, this mini review is focused on describing the complex interplay of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa biofilms, to provide potentially useful information for the design of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Billón
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina E. Llambías-Cabot
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Macià
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Crta. Vallemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Guedes GMDM, Melgarejo CMA, Freitas AS, Amando BR, Costa CL, Ocadaque CJ, Gomes FIF, Bandeira SP, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Gadelha Rocha MF, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM. Effect of promethazine on biofilms of gram-positive cocci associated with infectious endocarditis. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:189-203. [PMID: 37144566 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2202313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of promethazine against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutans and its effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms grown in vitro and ex vivo on porcine heart valves. Promethazine was evaluated alone and in combination with vancomycin and oxacillin against Staphylococcus spp. and vancomycin and ceftriaxone against S. mutans in planktonic form and biofilms grown in vitro and ex vivo. Promethazine minimum inhibitory concentration range was 24.4-95.31 μg/mL and minimum biofilm eradication concentration range was 781.25-3.125 μg/mL. Promethazine interacted synergistically with vancomycin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone against biofilms in vitro. Promethazine alone reduced (p < 0.05) the CFU-counts of biofilms grown on heart valves for Staphylococcus spp., but not for S. mutans, and increased (p < 0.05) the activity of vancomycin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone against biofilms of Gram-positive cocci grown ex vivo. These findings bring perspectives for repurposing promethazine as adjuvant in the treatment of infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carliane Melo Alves Melgarejo
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha Amando
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cecília Leite Costa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Ivanilsom Firmiano Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silviane Praciano Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Cui K, Yang W, Liu Z, Liu G, Li D, Sun Y, He G, Ma S, Cao Y, Jiang X, Chevalier S, Cornelis P, Wei Q, Wang Y. Chenodeoxycholic Acid-Amikacin Combination Enhances Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0243022. [PMID: 36625660 PMCID: PMC9927322 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02430-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance and dearth of novel antibiotics have posed a serious health crisis worldwide. In this study, we screened a combination of antibiotics and nonantibiotics providing a viable strategy to solve this issue by broadening the antimicrobial spectrum. We found that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a cholic acid derivative of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Tanreqing (TRQ), synergizes with amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, and this synergistic killing was effective against diverse methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) variants, including small-colony variants (SCVs), biofilm strains, and persisters. The CDCA-amikacin combination protects a mouse model from S. aureus infections. Mechanistically, CDCA increases the uptake of aminoglycosides in a proton motive force-dependent manner by dissipating the chemical potential and potentiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting superoxide dismutase activity. This work highlights the potential use of TCM components in treating S. aureus-associated infections and extend the use of aminoglycosides in eradicating Gram-positive pathogens. IMPORTANCE Multidrug resistance (MDR) is spreading globally with increasing speed. The search for new antibiotics is one of the key strategies in the fight against MDR. Antibiotic resistance breakers that may or may not have direct antibacterial action and can either be coadministered or conjugated with other antibiotics are being studied. To better expand the antibacterial spectrum of certain antibiotics, we identified one component from a traditional Chinese medicine, Tanreqing (TRQ), that increased the activity of aminoglycosides. We found that this so-called agent, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), sensitizes Staphylococcus aureus to aminoglycoside killing and protects a mouse model from S. aureus infections. CDCA increases the uptake of aminoglycosides in a proton motive force-dependent manner by dissipating the chemical potential and potentiates ROS generation by inhibiting superoxide dismutase activity in S. aureus. Our work highlights the potential use of TCM or its effective components, such as CDCA, in treating antibiotic resistance-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Cui
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaiying He
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, Evreux, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, Evreux, France
| | - Qing Wei
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Martín-Rodríguez AJ. Respiration-induced biofilm formation as a driver for bacterial niche colonization. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:120-134. [PMID: 36075785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their physiology and metabolism, bacteria can carry out diverse redox processes for energy acquisition, which facilitates adaptation to environmental or host-associated niches. Of these processes, respiration, using oxygen or alternative terminal electron acceptors, is energetically the most favorable in heterotrophic bacteria. The biofilm lifestyle, a coordinated multicellular behavior, is ubiquitous in bacteria and is regulated by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Respiration of distinct electron acceptors has been shown to induce biofilm formation or dispersal. The notion of biofilm formation regulation by electron acceptor availability and respiration has often been considered species-specific. However, recent evidence suggests that this phenomenon can be strain-specific, even in strains sharing the same functional respiratory pathways, thereby implying subtle regulatory mechanisms. On this basis, I argue that induction of biofilm formation by sensing and respiration of electron acceptors might direct subgroups of redox-specialized strains to occupy certain niches. A palette of respiration and electron-transfer-mediated microbial social interactions within biofilms may broaden ecological opportunities. The strain specificity of this phenomenon represents an important opportunity to identify key molecular mechanisms and their ecophysiological significance, which in turn may lay the ground for applications in areas ranging from biotechnology to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance.
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Aguiar ALR, Silva BND, Fiallos NDM, Pereira LMG, Silva ML, Souza PFSMD, Portela FVM, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Promethazine inhibits efflux, enhances antifungal susceptibility and disrupts biofilm structure and functioning in Trichosporon. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:218-230. [PMID: 37122169 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2202315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. are emerging opportunistic fungi associated with invasive infections, especially in patients with haematological malignancies. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of efflux pumps by promethazine (PMZ) as a strategy to control T. asahii and T. inkin. Planktonic cells were evaluated for antifungal susceptibility to PMZ, as well as inhibition of efflux. The effect of PMZ was also studied in Trichosporon biofilms. PMZ inhibited T. asahii and T. inkin planktonic cells at concentrations ranging from 32 to 256 μg ml-1. Subinhibitory concentrations of PMZ inhibited efflux activity in Trichosporon. Biofilms were completely eradicated by PMZ. PMZ potentiated the action of antifungals, affected the morphology, changed the amount of carbohydrates and proteins and reduced the amount of persister cells inside biofilms. The results showed indirect evidences of the occurrence of efflux pumps in Trichosporon and opens a perspective for the use of this target in the control of trichosporonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Laína Silva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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The Potential of Phenothiazines against Endodontic Pathogens: A Focus on Enterococcus-Candida Dual-Species Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111562. [PMID: 36358217 PMCID: PMC9686549 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent apical periodontitis occurs when the endodontic treatment fails to eradicate the intraradicular infection, and is mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, respectively. Phenothiazines have been described as potential antimicrobials against bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of promethazine (PMZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) against E. faecalis and C. albicans dual-species biofilms. The susceptibility of planktonic cells to phenothiazines, chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was initially analyzed by broth microdilution. Interaction between phenothiazines and CHX was examined by chequerboard assay. The effect of NaOCl, PMZ, CPZ, CHX, PMZ + CHX, and CPZ + CHX on biofilms was investigated by susceptibility assays, biochemical and morphological analyses. Results were evaluated through one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test. PMZ, alone or in combination with irrigants, was the most efficient phenothiazine, capable of reducing cell counts, biomass, biovolume, carbohydrate and protein contents of dual-species biofilms. Neither PMZ nor CPZ increased the antimicrobial activity of CHX. Further investigations of the properties of phenothiazines should be performed to encourage their use in endodontic clinical practice.
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Contribution of Membrane Vesicle to Reprogramming of Bacterial Membrane Fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mSphere 2022; 7:e0018722. [PMID: 35603537 PMCID: PMC9241526 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of resisting environmental insults by applying various strategies, including regulating membrane fluidity and producing membrane vesicles (MVs). This study examined the difference in membrane fluidity between planktonic and biofilm modes of growth in P. aeruginosa and whether the ability to alter membrane rigidity in P. aeruginosa could be transferred via MVs. To this end, planktonic and biofilm P. aeruginosa were compared with respect to the lipid composition of their membranes and their MVs and the expression of genes contributing to alteration of membrane fluidity. Additionally, viscosity maps of the bacterial membrane in planktonic and biofilm lifestyles and under the effect of incubation with bacterial MVs were obtained. Further, the growth rate and biofilm formation capability of P. aeruginosa in the presence of MVs were compared. Results showed that the membrane of the biofilm bacteria is significantly less fluid than the membrane of the planktonic bacteria and is enriched with saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the enzymes involved in altering the structure of existing lipids and favoring membrane rigidification are overexpressed in the biofilm bacteria. MVs of biofilm P. aeruginosa elicit membrane rigidification and delay the bacterial growth in the planktonic lifestyle; conversely, they enhance biofilm development in P. aeruginosa. Overall, the study describes the interplay between the planktonic and biofilm bacteria by shedding light on the role of MVs in altering membrane fluidity. IMPORTANCE Membrane rigidification is a survival strategy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to stress. Despite various studies dedicated to the mechanism behind this phenomenon, not much attention has been paid to the contribution of the bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) in this regard. This study revealed that P. aeruginosa rigidifies its membrane in the biofilm mode of growth. Additionally, the capability of decreasing membrane fluidity is transferable to the bacterial population via the bacterial MVs, resulting in reprogramming of bacterial membrane fluidity. Given the importance of membrane rigidification for decreasing the pathogen’s susceptibility to antimicrobials, elucidation of the conditions leading to such biophysicochemical modulation of the P. aeruginosa membrane should be considered for the purpose of developing therapeutic approaches against this resistant pathogen.
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Stevanovic M, Boukéké-Lesplulier T, Hupe L, Hasty J, Bittihn P, Schultz D. Nutrient Gradients Mediate Complex Colony-Level Antibiotic Responses in Structured Microbial Populations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:740259. [PMID: 35572643 PMCID: PMC9093743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.740259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic treatments often fail to eliminate bacterial populations due to heterogeneity in how individual cells respond to the drug. In structured bacterial populations such as biofilms, bacterial metabolism and environmental transport processes lead to an emergent phenotypic structure and self-generated nutrient gradients toward the interior of the colony, which can affect cell growth, gene expression and susceptibility to the drug. Even in single cells, survival depends on a dynamic interplay between the drug's action and the expression of resistance genes. How expression of resistance is coordinated across populations in the presence of such spatiotemporal environmental coupling remains elusive. Using a custom microfluidic device, we observe the response of spatially extended microcolonies of tetracycline-resistant E. coli to precisely defined dynamic drug regimens. We find an intricate interplay between drug-induced changes in cell growth and growth-dependent expression of resistance genes, resulting in the redistribution of metabolites and the reorganization of growth patterns. This dynamic environmental feedback affects the regulation of drug resistance differently across the colony, generating dynamic phenotypic structures that maintain colony growth during exposure to high drug concentrations and increase population-level resistance to subsequent exposures. A mathematical model linking metabolism and the regulation of gene expression is able to capture the main features of spatiotemporal colony dynamics. Uncovering the fundamental principles that govern collective mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in spatially extended populations will allow the design of optimal drug regimens to counteract them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Thomas Boukéké-Lesplulier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lukas Hupe
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeff Hasty
- BioCircuits Institute, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philip Bittihn
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,BioCircuits Institute, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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Thöming JG, Häussler S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is More Tolerant Under Biofilm Than Under Planktonic Growth Conditions: A Multi-Isolate Survey. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851784. [PMID: 35295755 PMCID: PMC8920030 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria exhibit profound changes in bacterial physiology. They thrive in the environment but also in the human host in protected sessile communities. Antimicrobial therapy usually fails, despite the absence of genotypic resistance, and it is commonly accepted that biofilm-grown bacteria are up to 1,000-fold more resistant than planktonic cells. We are only at the beginning to understand the reasons for biofilm recalcitrance, and systematic approaches to describe biofilm-induced tolerance phenotypes are lacking. In this study, we investigated a large and highly diverse collection of 352 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles under biofilm growth conditions towards the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and colistin. We discovered characteristic patterns of drug-specific killing activity and detected conditional tolerance levels far lower (in the range of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)), but also far higher (up to 16,000-fold increase compared to planktonic cells) than generally believed. This extremely broad distribution of biofilm-induced tolerance phenotypes across the clinical isolates was greatly influenced by the choice of the antibiotic. We furthermore describe cross-tolerance against ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, but not colistin, and observed an additive activity between biofilm-induced tolerance and genetically determined resistance. This became less evident when the biofilm-grown cells were exposed to very high antibiotic concentrations. Although much more remains to be learned on the molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm-induced tolerance, our data on intra-species variations in tolerance profiles provide valuable new insights. Furthermore, our observation that colistin appears to act independently of the tolerance mechanisms of individual clinical strains could make colistin a valuable therapeutic option in chronic biofilm-associated infections characterized by the presence of particularly tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne G. Thöming
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Bacteriology, Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Bacteriology, Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Häussler,
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Transcriptional Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:303-323. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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