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Wei YY, Ye JJ, Zhang DW, Hu L, Wu HM, Fei GH. Melatonin Rescues Influenza A Virus-Induced Cellular Energy Exhaustion via OMA1-OPA1-S in Acute Exacerbation of COPD. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12991. [PMID: 39039850 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Although rapid progression and a poor prognosis in influenza A virus (IAV) infection-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are frequently associated with metabolic energy disorders, the underlying mechanisms and rescue strategies remain unknown. We herein demonstrated that the level of resting energy expenditure increased significantly in IAV-induced AECOPD patients and that cellular energy exhaustion emerged earlier and more significantly in IAV-infected primary COPD bronchial epithelial (pDHBE) cells. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway; additionally, we consistently uncovered much earlier ATP exhaustion, more severe mitochondrial structural destruction and dysfunction, and OXPHOS impairment in IAV-inoculated pDHBE cells, and these changes were rescued by melatonin. The level of OMA1-dependent cleavage of OPA1 in the mitochondrial inner membrane and the shift in energy metabolism from OXPHOS to glycolysis were significantly increased in IAV-infected pDHBE cells; however, these changes were rescued by OMA1-siRNA or melatonin further treatment. Collectively, our data revealed that melatonin rescued IAV-induced cellular energy exhaustion via OMA1-OPA1-S to improve the clinical prognosis in COPD. This treatment may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for patients in which AECOPD is induced by IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Hung I, Liu C, Ren W, Ge L, Wang H. Melatonergic Signaling Sustains Food Allergy Through FcεRI Recycling. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0418. [PMID: 39040920 PMCID: PMC11260513 DOI: 10.34133/research.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies is increasing dramatically and causing serious public health concerns. Notably, melatonin metabolism imbalance in patients with food allergies; however, the role of melatonin in food allergies remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that melatonin suppresses food allergy responses and reprograms the gut microbiota of food-allergic mice, while melatonin aggravates food allergy during gut microbiota depletion. Mechanistically, melatonin boosts the degranulation of mast cells by up-regulating the expression of membrane high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (FcεRI). Melatonin increases the mRNA expression of Rabenosyn-5 (a component of factors for endosome recycling and Rab interactions) through melatonin receptor 2 (MT2)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, thereby driving the recycling of FcεRI and elevating the abundance of membrane FcεRI. Likewise, the inhibition of MT2 attenuates melatonin-induced food allergy in mice with gut microbiota depletion. Collectively, our finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of food allergies and provides a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ifen Hung
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. Ltd., Taicang, China
- Joint Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Animal Health, Centree Bio-tech (Wuhan) Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. Ltd., Taicang, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs; Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences; Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Du H, Zhang L, Sun H, Zheng S, Zhang H, Yuan S, Zhou J, Fang Z, Song J, Mei M, Deng C. Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Qingxing Granules Treating H1N1 Influenza Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:731. [PMID: 38931398 PMCID: PMC11206762 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H1N1 is one of the major subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) that causes seasonal influenza, posing a serious threat to human health. A traditional Chinese medicine combination called Qingxing granules (QX) is utilized clinically to treat epidemic influenza. However, its chemical components are complex, and the potential pharmacological mechanisms are still unknown. METHODS QX's effective components were gathered from the TCMSP database based on two criteria: drug-likeness (DL ≥ 0.18) and oral bioavailability (OB ≥ 30%). SwissADME was used to predict potential targets of effective components, and Cytoscape was used to create a "Herb-Component-Target" network for QX. In addition, targets associated with H1N1 were gathered from the databases GeneCards, OMIM, and GEO. Targets associated with autophagy were retrieved from the KEGG, HAMdb, and HADb databases. Intersection targets for QX, H1N1 influenza, and autophagy were identified using Venn diagrams. Afterward, key targets were screened using Cytoscape's protein-protein interaction networks built using the database STRING. Biological functions and signaling pathways of overlapping targets were observed through GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis. The main chemical components of QX were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by molecular docking. Finally, the mechanism of QX in treating H1N1 was validated through animal experiments. RESULTS A total of 786 potential targets and 91 effective components of QX were identified. There were 5420 targets related to H1N1 and 821 autophagy-related targets. The intersection of all targets of QX, H1N1, and autophagy yielded 75 intersecting targets. Ultimately, 10 core targets were selected: BCL2, CASP3, NFKB1, MTOR, JUN, TNF, HSP90AA1, EGFR, HIF1A, and MAPK3. Identification of the main chemical components of QX by HPLC resulted in the separation of seven marker ingredients within 195 min, which are amygdalin, puerarin, baicalin, phillyrin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin. Molecular docking results showed that BCL2, CASP3, NFKB1, and MTOR could bind well with the compounds. In animal studies, QX reduced the degenerative alterations in the lung tissue of H1N1-infected mice by upregulating the expression of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 and downregulating the expression of LC3, which inhibited autophagy. CONCLUSIONS According to this study's network pharmacology analysis and experimental confirmation, QX may be able to treat H1N1 infection by regulating autophagy, lowering the expression of LC3, and increasing the expression of p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Du
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Lianying Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Haoxiang Sun
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Shaoqin Zheng
- Sci-Tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510330, China;
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
- Sci-Tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510330, China;
| | - Shijia Yuan
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510330, China;
| | - Zihao Fang
- The Eighth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China;
| | - Jianping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Manxue Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510330, China;
| | - Changsheng Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (H.D.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.S.)
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Su R, Li X, Xiao J, Xu J, Tian J, Liu T, Hu Y. UiO-66 nanoparticles combat influenza A virus in mice by activating the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38461229 PMCID: PMC10925002 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a zoonotic pathogen that infects humans and various animal species. Infection with IAV can cause fever, anorexia, and dyspnea and is often accompanied by pneumonia characterized by an excessive release of cytokines (i.e., cytokine storm). Nanodrug delivery systems and nanoparticles are a novel approach to address IAV infections. Herein, UiO-66 nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized using a high-temperature melting reaction. The in vitro and in vivo optimal concentrations of UiO-66 NPs for antiviral activity are 200 μg mL-1 and 60 mg kg-1, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that UiO-66 NPs can activate the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the downstream type I interferon antiviral effect. These NPs suppress inflammation-related pathways, including the FOXO, HIF, and AMPK signaling pathways. The inhibitory effect of UiO-66 NPs on the adsorption and entry of IAV into A549 cells is significant. This study presents novel findings that demonstrate the effective inhibition of IAV adsorption and entry into cells via UiO-66 NPs and highlights their ability to activate the cellular RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, thereby exerting an anti-IAV effect in vitro or in mice. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of UiO-66 NPs against IAV and substantial data for advancing innovative antiviral nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Su
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinsen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanxin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Jin W, Tian R, Yang Z, Wang R. HIF-1α promotes virus replication and cytokine storm in H1N1 virus-induced severe pneumonia through cellular metabolic reprogramming. Virol Sin 2024; 39:81-96. [PMID: 38042371 PMCID: PMC10877445 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality of patients with severe pneumonia caused by H1N1 infection is closely related to viral replication and cytokine storm. However, the specific mechanisms triggering virus replication and cytokine storm are still not fully elucidated. Here, we identified hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as one of the major host molecules that facilitates H1N1 virus replication followed by cytokine storm in alveolar epithelial cells. Specifically, HIF-1α protein expression is upregulated after H1N1 infection. Deficiency of HIF-1α attenuates pulmonary injury, viral replication and cytokine storm in vivo. In addition, viral replication and cytokine storm were inhibited after HIF-1α knockdown in vitro. Mechanistically, the invasion of H1N1 virus into alveolar epithelial cells leads to a shift in glucose metabolism to glycolysis, with rapid production of ATP and lactate. Inhibition of glycolysis significantly suppresses viral replication and inflammatory responses. Further analysis revealed that H1N1-induced HIF-1α can promote the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), the key enzyme of glycolysis, and then not only provide energy for the rapid replication of H1N1 virus but also produce lactate, which reduces the accumulation of the MAVS/RIG-I complex and inhibits IFN-α/β production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the upregulation of HIF-1α by H1N1 infection augments viral replication and cytokine storm by cellular metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis mainly through upregulation of HK2, providing a theoretical basis for finding potential targets for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by H1N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Rafiyian M, Gouyandeh F, Saati M, Davoodvandi A, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi R, Sharifi M, Asemi Z. Melatonin affects the expression of microRNA-21: A mini-review of current evidence. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155160. [PMID: 38277748 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous hormone produced by pineal gland which possess promising anti-tumor effects. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of MLT, along with its immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and anti-angiogenic properties, are often referred to the main mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects. Recent evidence has suggested that epigenetic alterations are also involved in the anti-tumor properties of MLT. Among these MLT-induced epigenetic alterations is modulation of the expression of several oncogenic and tumor suppressor microRNAs(miRNAs). MiRNAs are among the most promising and potential therapeutic and diagnostic tools in different diseases and enhanced the development of better therapeutic drugs. Suppression of oncomicroRNAs such as microRNA-21, - 20a, and - 27a as well as, up-regulation of microRNA-34 a/c are among the most important effects of MLT on microRNAs homeostasis. Recently, miR-21 has attracted the attention of scientists due to the its wide range of effects on different cancers and diseases. Regulation of this RNA may be a key to the development of better therapeutic targets. The present review will summarize the findings of in vitro and experimental studies of MLT-induced impacts on the expression of microRNAs which are involved in different models and numerous stages of tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyian
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Gouyandeh
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Saati
- Department of Nursing, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Alomari T, Al-Abdallat H, Hamamreh R, Alomari O, Hos BH, Reiter RJ. Assessing the antiviral potential of melatonin: A comprehensive systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2499. [PMID: 38126924 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This review assesses the antiviral potential of melatonin through comprehensive analysis of studies across human subjects, animal models, cell cultures, and in-silico simulations. The search strategy targeted relevant research until 22 June 2023, resulting in 20 primary studies after screening and deduplication. The findings highlight strong evidence supporting antiviral properties of melatonin. In silico studies identify melatonin as a candidate against SARS-CoV-2, reducing cytokine storm-related respiratory responses. Cell culture experiments reveal its multifaceted effects on different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, anti-dengue virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus. Animal studies show melatonin reduces mortality and viral replication in various infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and COVID-19. Clinical trials show how it could be evaluated, but with no conclusive evidence of efficacy and safety so far from large, double-blind placebo-controlled trials. These insights showcase the potential of melatonin as a versatile antiviral agent with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. In summary, our review highlights melatonin's promising antiviral properties across diverse settings. Melatonin's immunomodulatory and antiviral potential makes it a compelling candidate for further investigation, emphasising the need for rigorous clinical trials to establish its safety and efficacy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Alomari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Rawan Hamamreh
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Alomari
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beria H Hos
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Anderson G. Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:962-993. [PMID: 37970210 PMCID: PMC10645470 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated circadian rhythm is significantly associated with cancer risk, as is aging. Both aging and circadian dysregulation show suppressed pineal melatonin, which is indicated in many studies to be linked to cancer risk and progression. Another independently investigated aspect of the circadian rhythm is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), which is linked to stress-associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CAR and HPA axis activity are primarily mediated via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which drives patterned gene expression via binding to the promotors of glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-expressing genes. Recent data shows that the GR can be prevented from nuclear translocation by the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 1 (BAG-1), which translocates the GR to mitochondria, where it can have diverse effects. Melatonin also suppresses GR nuclear translocation by maintaining the GR in a complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Melatonin, directly and/or epigenetically, can upregulate BAG-1, suggesting that the dramatic 10-fold decrease in pineal melatonin from adolescence to the ninth decade of life will attenuate the capacity of night-time melatonin to modulate the effects of the early morning CAR. The interactions of pineal melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90 with the CAR are proposed to underpin how aging and circadian dysregulation are associated with cancer risk. This may be mediated via differential effects of melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90/GR in different cells of microenvironments across the body, from which tumors emerge. This provides a model of cancer pathogenesis that better integrates previously disparate bodies of data, including how immune cells are regulated by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, at least partly via the cancer cell regulation of the tryptophan-melatonin pathway. This has a number of future research and treatment implications.
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