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Liu P, Liang H, Xue L, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhou K, Jiang X. Potential clinical significance of plasma-based KRAS mutation analysis using the COLD-PCR/TaqMan(®) -MGB probe genotyping method. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:109-112. [PMID: 23060932 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the improved ability to detect mutations in recent years, tissue specimens cannot always be procured in a clinical setting, particularly from patients with recurrence of tumors or metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma is able to be used for mutation analysis instead of tissue specimens. We collected plasma from 62 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) prior to treatment. DNA extracted from plasma and matched tumor tissues were obtained. Mutations in KRAS were amplified from the tissue specimens and sequenced by regular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD)-PCR. Plasma KRAS gene mutation on codon 12 (GGT>GAT) was detected using a nested COLD-PCR/TaqMan(®) -MGB probe. Mutations in plasma and matched tumors were compared. KRAS mutation on codon 12 (GGT>GAT) was found in 13 (21.0%) plasma specimens and 12 (19.4%) matched tumor tissues. The consistency of KRAS mutations between plasma and tumors was 75% (9/12), which indicated a high correlation between the mutations detected in plasma DNA and the mutations detected in the corresponding tumor DNA (P<0.001; correlation index, k=0.649). Notably, four (6.5%) patients with plasma DNA mutations had no detectable KRAS mutations in the corresponding primary tumors, and three (4.8%) patients with tumor DNA mutations had no detectable KRAS mutations in the corresponding plasma DNA samples. Thus, KRAS mutations in plasma DNA correlate with the mutation status in matched tumor tissues of patients with CRC. Our study provides evidence to suggest that plasma DNA may be used as a potential medium for KRAS mutation analysis in CRC using the COLD-PCR/TaqMan-MGB probe method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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Ponomaryova AA, Rykova EY, Cherdyntseva NV, Choinzonov EL, Laktionov PP, Vlassov VV. Molecular genetic markers in diagnosis of lung cancer. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parsons BL, Meng F. K-RAS mutation in the screening, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Biomark Med 2010; 3:757-69. [PMID: 20477713 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of K-RAS mutation as a cancer screening biomarker has been investigated for many years. Numerous associations between K-RAS mutation and various cancers have been established, but these associations have not been translated into effective, cost-efficient cancer screening strategies. This lack of progress may be due to the existence of K-RAS mutation in nontumor tissues and/or using detection, rather than quantitation, of K-RAS mutation as the endpoint for cancer risk categorization. K-RAS mutation appears to be a useful prognostic biomarker for colon cancer. Recent progress toward sensitive and quantitative mutation characterization and the successful use of K-RAS mutation in a personalized medicine approach to targeted biological therapy selection are likely to re-direct and expand the use of K-RAS mutation as a cancer biomarker in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Parsons
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Rd. Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Wang S, An T, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang Z, Zhuo M, Bai H, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang X, Duan J, Wang Y, Guo Q, Wu M. Potential clinical significance of a plasma-based KRAS mutation analysis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1324-30. [PMID: 20145159 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with KRAS mutation may be resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). This study aims to evaluate a plasma-based KRAS mutation analysis and the clinical significance of plasma KRAS mutation as a predictive marker for tumor resistance to EGFR-TKIs in patients with NSCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DNA extracted from plasma and matched tumor tissues were obtained from 273 patients with advanced stage NSCLC. Patients were followed up prospectively for treatment outcomes. KRAS mutations in codon 12 and 13 were detected using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mutations in plasma and matched tumors were compared. Associations between KRAS mutation status and patients' clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS KRAS mutation was found in 35 (12.8%) plasma samples and 30 (11.0%) matched tumor tissues. The consistency of KRAS mutations between plasma and tumors is 76.7% (23 of 30; kappa = 0.668; P < 0.001). Among 120 patients who received EGFR-TKI treatment, the response rate was only 5.3% (1 of 19) for patients with plasma KRAS mutation compared with 29.7% for patients with no KRAS mutation in plasma DNA (P = 0.024). The median progression-free survival time of patients with plasma KRAS mutation was 2.5 months compared with 8.8 months for patients with wild-type KRAS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS KRAS mutation in plasma DNA correlates with the mutation status in the matched tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC. Plasma KRAS mutation status is associated with a poor tumor response to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients and may be used as a predictive marker in selecting patients for such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Pinzani P, Salvianti F, Pazzagli M, Orlando C. Circulating nucleic acids in cancer and pregnancy. Methods 2010; 50:302-7. [PMID: 20146940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating nucleic acids are present in the blood of humans and other vertebrates. During the last 10 years researchers actively studied cell-free nucleic acids present in plasma or serum with great expectations of their use as potential biomarkers for cancer and other pathologic conditions. In the present manuscript the main findings related to the principal characteristics of circulating nucleic acids, the hypothesis on their origin and some methodological considerations on sample collection and extraction as well as on some innovative assay methods have been summarized. Recent reports on the importance of circulating nucleic acids in the intercellular exchange of genetic information between eukaryotic cells have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pinzani
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Ugolini D, Donatella U, Neri M, Monica N, Canessa PA, Aldo CP, Casilli C, Cristina C, Catrambone G, Giuseppe C, Ivaldi GP, Paolo IG, Lando C, Cecilia L, Marroni P, Paola M, Paganuzzi M, Michela P, Parodi B, Barbara P, Visconti P, Paola V, Puntoni R, Riccardo P, Bonassi S, Stefano B. The CREST biorepository: a tool for molecular epidemiology and translational studies on malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other respiratory tract diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:3013-9. [PMID: 18990743 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Cancer of RESpiratory Tract (CREST) biorepository was established to investigate biological mechanisms and to develop tools and strategies for primary and secondary prevention of respiratory tract cancer. The CREST biorepository is focused on pleural malignant mesothelioma, a rare and severe cancer linked to asbestos exposure whose incidence is particularly high in the Ligurian region. METHODS The CREST biorepository includes biological specimens from (a) patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, (b) patients with nonneoplastic respiratory conditions, and (c) control subjects. Whole blood, plasma, serum, lymphocytes, pleural fluid, saliva, and biopsies are collected, and a questionnaire is administered. Collection, transportation, and storage are done according to international standards. RESULTS As of January 31, 2008, the overall number of subjects recruited was 1,590 (446 lung cancer, 209 pleural malignant mesothelioma, and 935 controls). The biorepository includes a total of 10,055 aliquots (4,741 serum; 3,082 plasma; 1,599 whole blood; 633 pleural fluid; and 561 lymphocytes) and 107 biopsies. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic information is collected for each subject and processed in a dedicated database. CONCLUSIONS The CREST biorepository is a valuable tool for molecular epidemiology and translational studies. This structure relies on a network of contacts with local health districts that allows for an active search for patients. This is a particularly efficient approach, especially when the object of the study is a rare cancer type. The CREST experience suggests that the presence of limited resources can be overcome by the biorepository specialization, the high quality of the epidemiologic information, and the variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ugolini
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo R. Benzi, 10-16132 Genoa, Italy.
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K-ras mutations in circulating DNA from pancreatic and lung cancers: bridging methodology for a common validation of the molecular diagnosis value. Pancreas 2008; 37:101-2. [PMID: 18580451 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31815e72bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The impact of genetic markers on the diagnosis of lung cancer: a current perspective. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 2:1044-51. [PMID: 17975498 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318158eed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading worldwide source of cancer-related death. It is acknowledged that prognosis and treatment outcomes in lung cancer might be improved by increasing the effectiveness of early-stage diagnosis. Several recently published studies have produced intriguing results regarding the detection of biomarkers in tumor samples, but also in easily accessible specimens such as sputum, plasma, and exhaled breath condensate. This review presents advances in genetic diagnostics of lung cancer, with particular reference to the clinical usefulness of individual biomarkers, specimens, and methods. The adequacy of their sensitivity and specificity for cancer screening and early detection is discussed in detail.
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Helmig S, Schneider J. Oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products as serum biomarkers in occupational-derived lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2007; 7:555-68. [PMID: 17892364 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.5.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, it is one of the biggest challenges for research. In the literature, there are inconsistent results regarding the utility of the serum biomarkers p53, anti-p53 antibodies, EGF receptor or Ras. Based on the published results, routine use of these biomarkers for detection of occupationally derived lung carcinomas is not currently recommended. In this review, we summarize the literature and discuss the relevance of these oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene products as serum biomarkers in occupational-derived lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Helmig
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Aulweg 129, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Gautschi O, Huegli B, Ziegler A, Gugger M, Heighway J, Ratschiller D, Mack PC, Gumerlock PH, Kung HJ, Stahel RA, Gandara DR, Betticher DC. Origin and prognostic value of circulating KRAS mutations in lung cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:265-73. [PMID: 17449174 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of the current controversy on the origin and clinical value of circulating KRAS codon 12 mutations in lung cancer, we screened 180 patients using a combined restriction fragment-length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) assay. We detected KRAS mutations in 9% plasma samples and 0% matched lymphocytes. Plasma KRAS mutations correlated significantly with poor prognosis. We validated the positive results in a second laboratory by DNA sequencing and found matching codon 12 sequences in blood and tumor in 78% evaluable cases. These results support the notion that circulating KRAS mutations originate from tumors and are prognostically relevant in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gautschi
- University of California Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Fleischhacker M, Schmidt B. Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) and cancer--a survey. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2006; 1775:181-232. [PMID: 17137717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that it is possible to detect small amounts of extracellular nucleic acids in plasma and serum of healthy and diseased human beings. The unequivocal proof that part of these circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) is of tumor origin, initiated a surge of studies which confirmed and extended the original observations. In the past few years many experiments showed that tumor-associated alterations can be detected at the DNA and RNA level. At the DNA level the detection of point mutations, microsatellite alterations, chromosomal alterations, i.e. inversion and deletion, and hypermethylation of promoter sequences were demonstrated. At the RNA level the overexpression of tumor-associated genes was shown. These observations laid the foundation for the development of assays for an early detection of cancer as well as for other clinical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fleischhacker
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik mS Onkologie u Hämatologie, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Neri M, Cesario A, Granone P, Dominioni L, Puntoni R, D'Angelillo RM, Russo P. Prognostic role of K-Ras mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: Still an issue for open debate. Lung Cancer 2006; 53:393-5; author reply 397-8. [PMID: 16887233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We herein comment on a recently published experience on circulating K-ras DNA in lung cancer patients.
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Gormally E, Vineis P, Matullo G, Veglia F, Caboux E, Le Roux E, Peluso M, Garte S, Guarrera S, Munnia A, Airoldi L, Autrup H, Malaveille C, Dunning A, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Lund E, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Krogh V, Tumino R, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Pera G, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quirós JR, Hallmans G, Day NE, Key TJ, Saracci R, Kaaks R, Riboli E, Hainaut P. TP53 and KRAS2 Mutations in Plasma DNA of Healthy Subjects and Subsequent Cancer Occurrence: A Prospective Study. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6871-6. [PMID: 16818665 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In cancer patients, plasma often contains mutant DNA released by cancer cells. We have assessed the significance of plasma DNA mutations for subsequent cancer development in healthy subjects in a large longitudinal prospective study. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study was analyzed with a nested case-control design. Cases were nonsmokers or ex-smokers for >10 years and newly diagnosed with lung, bladder, or upper aerodigestive tract cancers or leukemia accrued after a median follow-up of 6.3 years. Controls were matched 2:1 for follow-up, age, sex, area of recruitment, and smoking status. KRAS2 mutations were detected by mutant-enriched PCR and sequencing (n = 1,098). TP53 mutations were detected by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis, and sequencing (n = 550). KRAS2 or TP53 mutations were detected in 13 of 1,098 (1.2%) and 20 of 550 (3.6%) subjects, respectively, 16 of whom developed cancer on average after 18.3 months of follow-up. Among 137 subjects who developed bladder cancer, 5 had KRAS2 mutations [odds ratio (OR), 4.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.27-14.15] and 7 had TP53 mutations (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.66-4.97). There was a nonsignificant trend for association between TP53 mutations and bulky adducts in lymphocyte DNA (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 0.64-12.17). This is the first report of TP53 or KRAS2 mutations in the plasma of healthy subjects in a prospective study, suggesting that KRAS2 mutation is detectable ahead of bladder cancer diagnosis. TP53 mutation may be associated with environmental exposures. These observations have implications for monitoring early steps of carcinogenesis.
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Mora J, Urgell E, Farré A, Comas L, Montserrat E, González-Sastre F. Agreement between K-ras Sequence Variations Detected in Plasma and Tissue DNA in Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1448-9. [PMID: 16798981 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.067140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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