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Makhlouf R, Fendri S, Jallouli D, Labiadh Z, Fritis L, Chaabouni K, Elleuch A, Ayadi FM. Influence of pneumatic tube delivery system on laboratory results. Ann Clin Biochem 2023:45632231213743. [PMID: 37921518 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231213743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pneumatic tube system (PTS) is an automated and fast modality of transportation of biological samples, but it has been reported to induce preanalytical errors. AIM To study the influence of transportation by PTS on biochemistry tests which are particularly sensitive to haemolysis and atmospheric pressure variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared laboratory results of arterial blood gas, sodium, potassium, chloride, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and haemolysis index of samples conveyed simultaneously by PTS and by courier. RESULTS We recruited 30 patients from the sampling room and 40 patients from the intensive care unit. Transport through PTS resulted in a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase and potassium without exceeding the limits of acceptability. Potassium was significantly more increased for samples transported in a higher speed line (p = .048) but without exceeding the limits of acceptability. No significant impact was noted on haemolysis indices. The pO2 variations due to PTS transportation exceeded the limit of acceptability with significant intra-individual variations. CONCLUSION Our PTS is validated for biochemistry tests results. It reduces turnaround times without affecting sample quality. However, the interpretation of arterial blood gas results should be careful for samples transported by PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Makhlouf
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sana Fendri
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dana Jallouli
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zeinab Labiadh
- Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Fritis
- Biomedical Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khansa Chaabouni
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aida Elleuch
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni Ayadi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory LR19ES13 Medicine school of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Casati M, Intra J, Rossi W, Giacobone C, Brivio R. Hemolysis and blood gas analysis: it’s time for a change! Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:138-142. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2034037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casati
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, St Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Jari Intra
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, St Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Wendy Rossi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, St Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacobone
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, St Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Brivio
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza ASST-Monza, St Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Salinas M, López-Garrigós M, Flores E, Leiva-Salinas C. Current Practice and Regional Variability in Recommendations for Patient Preparation for Laboratory Testing in Primary Care. Lab Med 2020; 51:e32-e37. [PMID: 31875890 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preparation of the patient for laboratory tests is crucial. Our aim was to investigate the current practice and regional variability of recommendations regarding patient preparation for laboratory testing. METHODS A call for data was posted by email. Spanish laboratories were invited to fill out and submit a survey. RESULTS Sixty-eight laboratories participated in the study. In 73% of those laboratories, fasting was always recommended regardless of the requested tests. Only one-third of the laboratories systematically recommended a 12-hour fast before the tests. In 71% of the laboratories, water intake was allowed without restrictions during the fasting period. In 57% of the laboratories, computerized order entry offered the possibility to print customized recommendations automatically in the primary care doctor's office according to the requested tests. Seventy-two percent of the laboratories agreed with the proposed recommendation. CONCLUSIONS There was high variability in patient preparation for laboratory testing. A significant proportion of centers did not follow international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salinas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Maite López-Garrigós
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilio Flores
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Leiva-Salinas
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Missouri, US
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Causes, consequences and management of sample hemolysis in the clinical laboratory. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1317-1322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mullins GR, Bruns DE. Air bubbles and hemolysis of blood samples during transport by pneumatic tube systems. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ergin M, Erdogan S, Akturk O, Erel O. The effects of transport by car on coagulation tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:1943-1947. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:This research investigated the effects of the transport of blood samples between centers/laboratories by car on coagulation tests.Methods:Five tubes of blood samples were taken from 20 healthy volunteers. The samples consisted of a baseline (control) group, centrifuged and noncentrifuged transported samples; centrifuged and noncentrifuged untransported samples. The groups of centrifuged and noncentrifuged samples were transported by car for 2 h. The centrifuged and noncentrifuged untransported samples were incubated in the laboratory until the transported samples arrived. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests were conducted for all samples.Results:Significant differences between the baseline group and the centrifuged and noncentrifuged transported samples and the noncentrifuged untransported samples were found for APTT levels (p<0.05, for all). In addition, significant mean percentage differences in PT values were found between the baseline group and the noncentrifuged transported samples (p<0.001) and the noncentrifuged untransported samples (p=0.005). The mean level of PT in the noncentrifuged transported samples was outside the upper limit of the clinical decision level.Conclusions:Noncentrifuged transported samples showed clinically significant differences in PT test results that may have stemmed from mechanical agitation during transportation. Therefore, we recommend not transporting noncentrifuged specimens for PT testing by car.
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Smartphone monitoring of pneumatic tube system-induced sample hemolysis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mullins GR, Harrison JH, Bruns DE. Smartphones Can Monitor Medical Center Pneumatic Tube Systems. Clin Chem 2016; 62:891-3. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James H Harrison
- Division of Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology
- Department of Public Health Science University of Virginia School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center Charlottesville, VA
| | - David E Bruns
- Division of Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology
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Pasqualetti S, Szőke D, Panteghini M. Heparinate but not serum tubes are susceptible to hemolysis by pneumatic tube transportation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:785-9. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Pneumatic tube transportation (PTT) may induce hemolysis (H) in blood samples. We aimed to compare the H degree before and after PTT implementation in our hospital.Methods:Hemolysis indices (HI) for all lithium-heparin plasma samples (P) drawn by the Emergency Department in 2-month periods were retrospectively collected and pre- (n=3579) and post-PTT (n=3469) results compared. The impact of PTT introduction was investigated on LDH [HI threshold (HIt), 25], conjugated bilirubin (cBIL) (HIt, 30), K (HIt, 100) and ALT (HIt, 125). In addition, HI retrieved for P and paired serum samples collected in silica clot activator tubes (S) from the same venipuncture were compared in pre- (n=501) and post-PTT (n=509) periods.Results:Median (5–95th percentile) HI in P was significantly higher in post-PTT period [7 (0–112) vs. 6 (0–82), p<0.001]. Results reported as ‘Hemolysis’ in P increased from 6.6% in pre-PTT to 9.4% in post-PTT (p<0.001). Investigated tests gave the following rejection rates (pre-PTT vs. post-PTT): LDH, 13.4% vs. 18.8%, p<0.001; cBIL, 9.4% vs. 27.0%, p<0.05; K, 3.7% vs. 5.6%, p<0.001; ALT, 2.9% vs. 4.4%, p<0.01. The slightly higher susceptibility to H of S compared to paired P found in the pre-PTT [9 (1–64) vs. 6 (0–85)] was not confirmed in the post-PTT period [7 (0–90) vs. 8 (1–72)], in which median HI in S was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in pre-PTT.Conclusions:In our setting PTT promotes H in P, increasing the rate of rejected tests. The use of S appears to protect against the hemolysing effect of PTT.
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Aarsand AK, Sandberg S. How to achieve harmonisation of laboratory testing —The complete picture. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 432:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Koçak FE, Yöntem M, Yücel O, Cilo M, Genç O, Meral A. The effects of transport by pneumatic tube system on blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation and coagulation tests. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2013; 23:206-10. [PMID: 23894866 PMCID: PMC3900063 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Today, the pneumatic tube transport system (PTS) is used frequently because of its advantages related to timing and speed. However, the impact of various types of PTS on blood components is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PTS on the quality of routine blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and certain blood coagulation tests. Materials and methods: Paired blood samples were obtained from each of 45 human volunteers and evaluated by blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests, including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Blood samples were divided into 2 groups: Samples from group 1 were transported to the laboratory via the PTS, and samples from group 2 were transported to the laboratory manually. Both groups were evaluated immediately by the tests listed above. Results: The blood sample test results from groups 1 and 2 were evaluated and compared. No statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.069–0.977). Conclusion: The PTS yielded no observable effects on blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, or PT and aPTT test results. We concluded that the PTS can be used to transport blood samples and yield reliable results for blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Emel Koçak
- Kütahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital of Faculty of Medicine of Dumlupinar University, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Kütahya,Turkey.
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Gomez-Rioja R, Fernandez-Calle P, Alcaide MJ, Madero R, Oliver P, Iturzaeta JM, Buno A. Interindividual variability of hemolysis in plasma samples during pneumatic tube system transport. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:e231-3. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Random variation and systematic error caused by various preanalytical variables, estimated by linear mixed-effects models. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 415:196-201. [PMID: 23117035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We wanted to determine whether specific, preanalytical sample handling increases preanalytical variation and bias test results compared with optimal handling. METHODS Blood was collected into 4 serum-separation tubes from each arm of 60 outpatients. In 30 of the patients, half of the tubes were transported in the pneumatic tube system, while the other half were manually delivered. In the remaining patients, the blood samples were collected using 21-gauge straight needles (green needles) and 23-gauge butterfly needles. Half of the tubes were mixed by inverting 5-6 times, and the other half by one inversion. Linear mixed-effects models were used as statistical method. RESULTS Transporting samples in the pneumatic tube system caused a significant bias to the results for LD (4.5 U/L, p<0.001) and magnesium (0.0021 mmol/L, p=0.003). For CK and glucose, the preanalytical variation was significantly higher for samples transported in the pneumatic tube system vs manual delivery. Using butterfly needles resulted in lower values (p<0.05) for calcium (-0.0072 mmol/L), CK (-0.75 U/L) and LD (-1.6 U/L) compared with 21-gauge needles. The preanalytical variation for ALP was significantly higher with butterfly needles. CONCLUSIONS The specific sample handling had significant but small random and systematic effects on results for some analytes.
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Kavsak PA, Mansour M, Wang L, Campeau S, Clark L, Brooks D, Trus M. Assessing Pneumatic Tube Systems with Patient-Specific Populations and Laboratory-Derived Criteria. Clin Chem 2012; 58:792-5. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.179044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maged Mansour
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Campeau
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorna Clark
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Brooks
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Trus
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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