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Du K, Gao L, Li T, Rao W. Methods and applications of noncompetitive hapten immunoassays. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39045721 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Hapten immunoassays have found extensive application across various domains such as disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring, as well as the evaluation of food and pharmaceutical safety. These techniques traditionally rely on competitive assay formats and often face challenges with sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the emergent noncompetitive immunoassay technologies that promise to transcend these limitations through innovative approaches. Noncompetitive immunoassays, leveraging novel elements such as anti-idiotype antibodies, anti-immunocomplex (IC) antibodies, and the strategic use of nanomaterial-enhanced signal detection, are setting new benchmarks for analytical performance. These advancements not only enhance the detection capabilities but also significantly improve specificity inherent in traditional methods. Moreover, the integration of novel materials and binding reagents in these assays offers substantial improvements in assay dynamics, providing faster, more accurate, and reliable results. This review consolidates the latest methodologies and their applications, underlining the transformative impact of noncompetitive technologies in the sensitive detection of haptens across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Tinghua Li
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wei Rao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Zhang S, Feng R, Wu H, Guo J, Zhou Y, Lai X, Sun Y, Shen Y, Liu B, Yang X, Wang B. Development of an ultrasensitive sandwich immunoassay for detecting small molecule semicarbazide. Food Chem 2023; 429:136835. [PMID: 37463535 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive sandwich immunoassays for detecting the small molecule semicarbazide (SEM) were developed based on derivatization. Several SEM derivatizing agents were synthesized by linking o-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) and biotin with dihydroxyalkanes (different lengths), which were then used to evaluate the distance effect of two epitopes. Sandwich ELISA for SEM derivatives was developed using an anti-SEM-NBA antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled avidin or anti-biotin antibody as a secondary conjugate. The advantageous distances of the two epitopes under the double-antibody sandwich and antibody-avidin sandwich modes were ≥12 and ≥13 Å, respectively. Under the distances, the sensitivities of the sandwich ELISA were no lower than those of competitive ELISA. The obtained optimal EC50 values were 11.2 pg/mL (double-antibody sandwich with the epitope distance ≥16 Å) and 7.3 pg/mL (antibody-avidin sandwich with the epitope distance ≥17 Å). Compared with competitive ELISA, the developed method achieved a 30-fold improvement in sensitivity, with simpler aquatic product pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ronghu Feng
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jiping Guo
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xintian Lai
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Yudong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
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Fei J, Jiang J, Bai Y, Wu W, Zhao X, Yu W, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Wang Z. A Proof-of-Concept Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Development for Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14665-14674. [PMID: 37679861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich immunoassay theoretically exhibits higher sensitivity and specificity compared to a competitive counterpart; however, it is extremely difficult to obtain a pair of antibodies that can bind to a small molecule simultaneously, which is always thought to be a single epitope. In the present study, abamectin (ABM) was selected to prove the effect of hapten design and antibody recognition properties on the development of a sandwich immunoassay for small molecules. First, the epitopes of ABM were roughly located, and epitope distances were determined. Then, two haptens were designed by introducing spacer arms at the C4″-OH and C5-OH of ABM, respectively, aiming to provide the longest epitope distances. A total of seven rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) and 21 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with various recognition properties were obtained. Extensive combinatorial associations of antibody pairs for simultaneously binding to ABM were performed, and only two mAb-mAb pairs were observed to achieve a sandwich immunoassay for ABM with a total success rate of 0.27%. The best mAb pair for sandwich immunoassay was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, used to develop a sandwich immunoassay, and then evaluated by cross-reactivities and molecular docking with structurally similar analogues and abamectin. Altogether, the study provided a theoretical foundation as well as practical experience and demonstrated the importance of careful hapten design and extensive antibody screening to successfully establish the sandwich immunoassay for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Reza Afshar Mogaddam M, Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Ali Farajzadeh M, Nemati M. CuBTC metal organic framework-based dispersive solid phase extraction of cyclosporine and tacrolimus from plasma samples prior to determination by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1222:123692. [PMID: 37030021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed to reduce the immune system of persons who are undergoing organ transplants. The concentration of these drugs in blood and plasma samples must be accurately and precisely determined during immunosuppressive therapy due to their significant side effects. In this study, a metal organic framework-based dispersive solid phase extraction method was developed for the extraction of tacrolimus and cyclosporine from plasma samples before their determination by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For this purpose, CuBTC metal organic framework nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal approach and they were used as the sorbent in the extraction procedure. The adsorbed analytes were eluted by a suitable organic solvent and then more concentrated by evaporation of the eluate. All of the effective parameters of the method including sorbent amount, adsorption time, eluent type, desorption time, eluent volume, and sample solution pH were studied and optimized. They were obtained 5 mg, 5 min, acetone, 5 min, 300 μL, and 5, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the developed method was validated and the data showed that the linear range, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, the coefficient of determination, the enrichment factor, and relative standard deviation values were 1-1000 ng mL-1, 0.30 ng mL-1, 0.5 ng mL-1, 0.99, 15.6, and 5.8 % for tacrolimus and 0.8-500 ng mL-1, 0.25 ng mL-1, 0.4 ng mL-1, 0.99, 17, and 5.6 % for cyclosporine, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used in the determination of the studied drugs in plasma samples.
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Analysis of residual monepantel sulfone in milk using icELISA based on a monoclonal antibody developed from an easy-synthesized and low-cost hapten. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bai Y, Fei J, Wu W, Dou L, Liu M, Shao S, Yu W, Wen K, Shen J, Wang Z. Minimum Distance Between Two Epitopes in Sandwich Immunoassays for Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17843-17852. [PMID: 36519948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of the limit between dimensionalities is a scientific goal with high applicability. Sandwich immunoassay, usually based on two antibodies binding two epitopes, is one of the most popular mainstay tools in both academic and industrial fields. Herein, we determined and evaluated the minimum distance of two epitopes in sandwich immunoassays for small molecules. Briefly, nine model analytes comprising two hapten epitopes, that is, melamine (MEL) and p-nitroaniline (NIA), were designed by increasing the linear chain linkers brick by brick. Two groups of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced with different recognition properties toward MEL and NIA using 12 new haptens with different spacer arms. The results indicated that two epitopes of the analyte with a distance of only 2.4 Å could be simultaneously bound by two mAbs, which is the known limit of epitope distance in sandwich immunoassays thus far. We further found that an epitope distance of below 8.8 Å for the analyte generally induces noticeable steric hindrance of antibodies, preventing a sandwich immunoassay with high probability. These observations were investigated and evaluated by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and surface plasmon resonance and using model and real analytes. Altogether, we determined the minimum distance of two epitopes and explored the molecular mechanism of the antibody-analyte-antibody ternary complex in sandwich immunoassays, providing a theoretical basis for hapten design, antibody discovery and development, and sandwich immunoassay establishment for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibei Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Warryn L, Dangy JP, Gersbach P, Gehringer M, Altmann KH, Pluschke G. An Antigen Capture Assay for the Detection of Mycolactone, the Polyketide Toxin of Mycobacterium ulcerans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2753-2762. [PMID: 34031146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycolactone is a cytotoxin responsible for most of the chronic necrotizing pathology of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). The polyketide toxin consists of a 12-membered lactone ring with a lower O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain and an upper C-linked side chain. Mycolactone is unique to M. ulcerans and an immunological Ag capture assay would represent an important tool for the study of Buruli ulcer pathogenesis and for laboratory diagnosis. When testing sets of mycolactone-specific mouse mAbs, we found that Abs against the hydrophobic lower side chain only bind mycolactone immobilized on a solid support but not when present in solution. This observation supports previous findings that mycolactone forms micellar structures in aqueous solution with the hydrophobic region sequestered into the inner core of the aggregates. Although an Ag capture assay typically requires two Abs that recognize nonoverlapping epitopes, our search for matching pairs of mAbs showed that the same mAb could be used both as capture and as detecting reagent for the detection of the mycolactone aggregates. However, the combination of a core-specific and a core/upper side chain-specific mAb constituted the most sensitive ELISA with a sensitivity in the low nanogram range. The results of a pilot experiment showed that the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to detect mycolactone in swab samples from Buruli ulcer lesions. Although the described capture ELISA can serve as a tool for research on the biology of mycolactone, the assay system will have to be adapted for use as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Warryn
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Philipp Gersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Dou L, Liu M, Shao S, Zhu J, Shen J, Wang Z, Wen K, Yu W. Binding affinity-guided design of a highly sensitive noncompetitive immunoassay for small molecule detection. Food Chem 2021; 351:129270. [PMID: 33640770 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules are immunochemically classified as hapten that lacking of at least two epitopes, usually using competitive format for establishing immunoassays. However, theoretically, noncompetitive immunoassay format is more sensitive and has a wider analytical range. In the present study, a novel hapten of halofuginone was synthesized and used to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb). By analyzing the binding kinetics, we found that the affinity of analyte-enzyme to mAb was much greater than that of analyte, which could result in a low sensitivity of competitive assay format. Based on this, we established a novel noncompetitive immunoassay by using a replacement approach. The noncompetitive format has obvious advantages in sensitivity and analytical range, which promoted approximately 3.5- and 5-fold, respectively, compared to the competitive immunoassay. Ultimately, the newly designed noncompetitive immunoassay in this work will provide insights as well as alternative method to traditional small molecule competitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibei Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Rapid determination of tacrolimus and sirolimus in whole human blood by direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via microfluidic open interface. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1144:53-60. [PMID: 33453797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to decrease immune system activity (e.g. of patients undergoing solid organ transplant). Concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) in circulating blood must be closely monitored during the period of immunosuppression therapy due to adverse effects that take place when concentration levels fall outside of the very narrow therapeutic concentration range of these drugs. This study presents the rapid determination of four relevant immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A) in whole human blood by directly coupling solid-phase microextraction to mass spectrometry via the microfluidic open interface (Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS). The BioSPME-MOI-MS/MS method offers ≤ 10% imprecision of in-house prepared quality controls over a 10-day period, ≤ 10% imprecision of ClinCal® Recipe calibrators over a three-day period, and single total turnaround time of ∼ 60 min (4.5 min for high throughput). The limits of quantification were determined to be 0.8 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.7 ng mL-1 sirolimus, 1.0 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.8 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine. The limits of detection were determined to be 0.3 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, 0.2 ng mL-1 for sirolimus, 0.3 ng mL-1 for everolimus, and 0.3 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. The R2 values for all analytes were above 0.9992 with linear dynamic range from 1.0 mL-1 to 50.0 ng mL-1 for tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus while from 2.5 ng mL-1 to 500.0 ng mL-1 for cyclosporine A. To further evaluate the performance of the present method, 95 residual whole blood samples of tacrolimus and sirolimus from patients undergoing immunosuppression therapy were used to compare the Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS method against a clinically validated reference method based on chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, showing acceptable results. Our results demonstrated that Bio-SPME-MOI-MS/MS can be considered as a suitable alternative to existing methods for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs in whole blood providing faster analysis, better selectivity and sensitivity, and a wider dynamic range than current existing approaches.
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Kolaitis NA, Calabrese DR, Ahearn P, Venado A, Florez R, Lei HL, Isaak K, Henricksen E, Martinez E, Chong T, Shah RJ, Leard LE, Kleinhenz ME, Golden J, De Marco T, Greenland JR, Kukreja J, Hays SR, Blanc PD, Singer JP. Tacrolimus trough monitoring guided by mass spectrometry without accounting for assay differences is associated with acute kidney injury in lung transplant recipients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 76:2019-2027. [PMID: 31696925 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tacrolimus is a nephrotoxic immunosuppressant historically monitored via enzyme-based immunoassay (IA). After 2011, the 2 largest laboratory companies in the United States implemented tacrolimus quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); this method excludes metabolites, potentially resulting in lower quantified drug concentrations. We sought to determine if tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring via LC-MS, as performed using trough targets originally derived from IA values, influences clinical outcomes. METHODS In a single-center retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients, risks of acute kidney injury, acute renal failure, and new-onset diabetes after transplantation, as well as chronic lung allograft dysfunction-free survival, were compared in 82 subjects monitored by LC-MS and 102 subjects monitored by IA using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, baseline renal function, and race. RESULTS LC-MS-based monitoring was associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.67). No statistically significant differences in risks of acute renal failure and new-onset diabetes after transplantation were observed. CONCLUSION Although LC-MS provides a more accurate representation of the blood concentration of the parent compound tacrolimus exclusive of metabolite, established cut points for tacrolimus dosing may need to be adjusted to account for the increased risk of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Kolaitis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick Ahearn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aida Venado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rebecca Florez
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Huey-Ling Lei
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Karolina Isaak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Erik Henricksen
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emily Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tiffany Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rupal J Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lorriana E Leard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary Ellen Kleinhenz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Teresa De Marco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - John R Greenland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven R Hays
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul D Blanc
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan P Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
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Yamamoto Y, Saita T, Sogawa R, Ogata K, Yamamoto Y, Kimura S, Narisawa Y, Kimura S, Shin M. Development of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of ponatinib in serum. Anal Biochem 2019; 571:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Moumita M, Shankar K, Abhiman P, Shamasundar B. Development of a sandwich vertical flow immunogold assay for rapid detection of oxytetracycline residue in fish tissues. Food Chem 2019; 270:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Lv R, Chen Y, Xia N, Liang Y, He Q, Li M, Qi Z, Lu Y, Zhao S. Development of a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for rapid detection to C-peptide in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:179-184. [PMID: 30261444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide level is recognized as an important indicator of diabetes diagnosis. A sensitive and specific double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of C-peptide based on double antibody sandwich method was studied in this paper. The rabbit and hen were innunized with PLL-C-peptide and BSA-C-peptide respectively to obtain specific Yolk antibody (IgY) and polyclonal antibody used to construct the sandwich ELISA for the measurement of C-peptide. The limit of detection was 0.51 μg/mL and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 3.26 μg/mL. The method developed in the study showed no evident cross-reactivity with other similar analogs. The detection standard curve of C-peptide exhibited a good linearity (R2 = 0.9896, n = 15). 17 types of the urine of diabetes patients on c-peptide levels compared with the hospital type of diabetes information, with a conclusion of a high consistent rate. Therefore, the methods could be selectively used for rapid screening of C-peptide in human urine, and the type of diabetes has some referential significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nana Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minyou Li
- Guangzhou Jinde Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongxian Qi
- Guangzhou Jinde Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeyu Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Sakamoto S, Putalun W, Vimolmangkang S, Phoolcharoen W, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites. J Nat Med 2018; 72:32-42. [PMID: 29164507 PMCID: PMC5775980 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are antibody-based analytical methods for quantitative/qualitative analysis. Since the principle of immunoassays is based on specific antigen-antibody reaction, the assays have been utilized worldwide for diagnosis, pharmacokinetic studies by drug monitoring, and the quality control of commercially available products. Berson and Yalow were the first to develop an immunoassay, known as radioimmunoassay (RIA), for detecting endogenous plasma insulin [1], a development for which Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. Even today, after half a century, immunoassays are widely utilized with some modifications from the originally proposed system, e.g., radioisotopes have been replaced with enzymes because of safety concerns regarding the use of radioactivity, which is referred to as enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, progress has been made in ELISA with the recent advances in recombinant DNA technology, leading to increase in the range of antibodies, probes, and even systems. This review article describes ELISA and its applications for the detection of plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang R. Recent advances in analytical methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:81-94. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX, 79409, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX, 79409, USA
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16
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Saita T, Yamamoto Y, Hosoya K, Yamamoto Y, Kimura S, Narisawa Y, Shin M. An ultra-specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA for imatinib using two anti-imatinib antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 969:72-78. [PMID: 28411632 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immunoassay for a low-molecular-weight drug first requires the identification of specific antibodies that do not cross-react with the drug's metabolites. If two antibodies can simultaneously recognize the entire structure of the drug, we can then utilize them to establish an ultra-specific sandwich ELISA, free from interference due to the metabolic products of the drug. This paper reports an ultra-specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA for determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib using two anti-imatinib antibodies. The anti-imatinib antibodies were obtained by two partial structures of imatinib as haptens (2-(5-amino-2-methylanilino)-4-(3-pyridyl)pyrimidine and 4-{(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-methyl}-benzoate). Under optimized conditions, this sandwich ELISA shows a linear detection range from 64 pg mL-1 to 8 ng mL-1, and a limit of detection of approximately 64 pg mL-1 for 100-μL samples. The ELISA is specific to imatinib and while there was no cross-reactivity with the major metabolite N-desmethyl-imatinib, slight cross-reactivity was found with metabolite pyridine-N-oxide-imatinib. This assay demonstrated significantly lower cross-reactivity with metabolites than competitive ELISAs. Using this assay, drug levels were easily measured in rat blood after oral administration of imatinib via a single dose of 30 mg kg-1 or 100 mg kg-1. The levels in rat serum measured by this ELISA were comparable with those measured by HPLC, and there was a strong correlation between the values determined by the two methods (y = 0.983x + 0.081, R2 = 0.948). Thus, we have successfully developed the first specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA for imatinib using two anti-imatinib antibodies. This sandwich ELISA will be a valuable tool for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies of imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Saita
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hosoya
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamamoto
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Narisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Ferraro S, Borille S, Carnevale A, Frusciante E, Bassani N, Panteghini M. Verification of the harmonization of human epididymis protein 4 assays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1635-43. [PMID: 27028735 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has gained relevance as an ovarian cancer (OC) biomarker and new automated methods have replaced the first released manual EIA by tracing results to it. We verified agreement and bias of automated methods vs. EIA as well as possible effects on patients' management. METHODS One hundred and fifteen serum samples were measured by Abbott Architect i2000, Fujirebio Lumipulse G1200, Roche Modular E170, and Fujirebio EIA. Passing-Bablok regression was used to compare automated assays to EIA and agreement between methods was estimated by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The bias vs. EIA was estimated and compared to specifications derived from HE4 biological variation. RESULTS Median (25th-75th percentiles) HE4 concentrations (pmol/L) were 84.5 (60.1-148.8) for EIA, 82.7 (50.3-153.9) for Abbott, 89.1 (55.2-154.9) for Roche, and 112.2 (67.8-194.2) for Fujirebio. Estimated regressions and agreements (95% confidence interval) were: Abbott=1.01(0.98-1.03) EIA-4.8(-7.5/-2.6), CCC=0.99(0.99-1.00); Roche=0.91(0.89-0.93) EIA+5.7(4.2/8.0), CCC=0.98(0.98-0.99); Fujirebio=1.20(1.17-1.24) EIA+ 2.4(-0.6/4.9), CCC=0.97(0.96-0.98). The average bias vs. EIA resulted within the desirable goal for Abbott [-3.3% (-6.1/-0.5)] and Roche [-0.2% (-3.0/2.5)]. However, while for Abbott the bias was constant and acceptable along the measurement concentration range, Roche bias increased up to -28% for HE4 values >250 pmol/L. Lumipulse showed a markedly positive bias [25.3% (21.8/28.8)]. CONCLUSIONS Abbott and Roche assays exhibited a good comparability in the range of HE4 values around the previously recommended 140 pmol/L cut-off. For patient monitoring, however, the assay used for determining serial HE4 must not be changed as results from different systems in lower and higher concentration ranges can markedly differ.
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18
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Freudenberger K, Hilbig U, Gauglitz G. Recent advances in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 454:1-5. [PMID: 26721314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressant medications allow the transplantation of tens of thousands of allografts per year and consequently have great potential to decrease patient morbidity and mortality. However, some medications have great risk associated with over- and under-dosing leading to adverse effects or allograft rejection, respectively. This necessitates immunosuppressant therapeutic drug monitoring accomplished by immunoassay or liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The former's accuracy can be hindered by metabolites of immunosuppressant medications, antibodies against these medications and heterophilic antibodies. Although LC-MS/MS has superior specificity which allows it to be less susceptible to interference, this methodology lacks standardization and the necessary throughput. Recent developments in LC-MS/MS quantitation, however, include patient-friendly sample submission as dried blood spots, higher sample throughput and commercialization. Here we critically review recent LC-MS/MS publications (January 2010 to July 2015) on the quantitation of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus.
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20
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Qu H, Wang X, Qu B, Kong H, Zhang Y, Shan W, Cheng J, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for naringin. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 903:149-55. [PMID: 26709308 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the currently used immunoassay techniques, sandwich ELISA exhibits higher specificity, lower cross-reactivity, and a wider working range compared to the corresponding competitive assays. However, it is difficult to obtain a pair of antibodies that can simultaneously bind to two epitopes of a molecule with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da. Naringin (Nar) is a flavonoid with a molecular mass of 580 Da. The main aim of this study was to develop a sandwich ELISA for detecting Nar. Two hybridomas secreting anti-Nar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced by fusing splenocytes from a mouse immunised against Nar-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with a hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT)-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line; a sandwich ELISA for detecting Nar was developed using these two well-characterised anti-Nar mAbs. The performance of the sandwich assay was further evaluated by limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, and interference analyses. A dose-response curve to Nar was obtained with an LOD of 6.78 ng mL(-1) and an LOQ of 13.47 ng mL(-1). The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 4.32% and 7.48%, respectively. The recovery rate of Nar from concentrated Fructus aurantii granules was 83.63%. A high correlation was obtained between HPLC and sandwich ELISA. These results demonstrate that the sandwich ELISA method has higher specificity for Nar than indirect competitive ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Baoping Qu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wenchao Shan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Menotta M, Biagiotti S, Streppa L, Rossi L, Magnani M. Label-free quantification of Tacrolimus in biological samples by atomic force microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Omi K, Ando T, Sakyu T, Shirakawa T, Uchida Y, Oka A, Ise N, Aoyagi K, Goishi K. Noncompetitive Immunoassay Detection System for Haptens on the Basis of Antimetatype Antibodies. Clin Chem 2015; 61:627-35. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.232728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Small molecules classified as haptens are generally measured by competitive immunoassay, which is theoretically inferior to noncompetitive sandwich immunoassay in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We created a method for developing sandwich immunoassays to measure haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies.
METHODS
We generated antimetatype monoclonal antibodies against a hapten–antibody immunocomplex using an ex vivo antibody development system, the Autonomously Diversifying Library (ADLib) system. We selected 2 haptens, estradiol (E2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], as analytes. Sandwich immunoassays for these 2 haptens were developed by use of a 96-well microtiter plate and a fully automated chemiluminescence analyzer, and the performances of these immunoassays were investigated.
RESULTS
The developed assays exhibited sensitivity high enough to detect target haptens in serum samples. The limit of detection of the ELISA for E2 was 3.13 pg/mL, and that of the fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) system was 2.1 ng/mL for 25(OH)D. The cross-reactivity with immunoreactive derivatives was effectively improved compared with the competitive assay. The CVs for the sandwich ELISA for E2 were 4.2%–12.6% (intraassay) and 6.2%–21.8% (total imprecision). The CVs for the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D were 1.0%–2.3% (intraassay) and 1.9%–3.5% (total imprecision). In particular, the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D showed correlations of r = 0.99 with both LC-MS/MS and a commercially available 125I RIA.
CONCLUSIONS
Our method represents a potentially simple and practical approach for routine assays of haptens, including vitamins, hormones, drugs, and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Omi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakyu
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakawa
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Oka
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ise
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Aoyagi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Goishi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Fundamental Research Department, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gounden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
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