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Davoudi F, Moradi A, Becker TM, Lock JG, Abbey B, Fontanarosa D, Haworth A, Clements J, Ecker RC, Batra J. Genomic and Phenotypic Biomarkers for Precision Medicine Guidance in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1451-1471. [PMID: 37561382 PMCID: PMC10547634 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignant neoplasm and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in screening and treatment of PCa, given the heterogeneity of this disease, optimal personalized therapeutic strategies remain limited. However, emerging predictive and prognostic biomarkers based on individual patient profiles in combination with computer-assisted diagnostics have the potential to guide precision medicine, where patients may benefit from therapeutic approaches optimally suited to their disease. Also, the integration of genotypic and phenotypic diagnostic methods is supporting better informed treatment decisions. Focusing on advanced PCa, this review discusses polygenic risk scores for screening of PCa and common genomic aberrations in androgen receptor (AR), PTEN-PI3K-AKT, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, considering clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction. Furthermore, we evaluate liquid biopsy, protein biomarkers such as serum testosterone levels, SLFN11 expression, total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), tissue biopsy, and advanced imaging tools, summarizing current phenotypic biomarkers and envisaging more effective utilization of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in advanced PCa. We conclude that prognostic and treatment predictive biomarker discovery can improve the management of patients, especially in metastatic stages of advanced PCa. This will result in decreased mortality and enhanced quality of life and help design a personalized treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Western Sydney and University of New South Wales, Liverpool, 2170 Australia
| | - John G. Lock
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Western Sydney and University of New South Wales, Liverpool, 2170 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Annette Haworth
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Rupert C. Ecker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
- TissueGnostics GmbH, EU 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
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2
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Sams KL, Mukai C, Marks BA, Mittal C, Demeter EA, Nelissen S, Grenier JK, Tate AE, Ahmed F, Coonrod SA. Delayed puberty, gonadotropin abnormalities and subfertility in male Padi2/Padi4 double knockout mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:150. [PMID: 36224627 PMCID: PMC9555066 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs) convert arginine residues to citrulline in a process called citrullination or deimination. Recently, two PADs, PAD2 and PAD4, have been linked to hormone signaling in vitro and the goal of this study was to test for links between PAD2/PAD4 and hormone signaling in vivo. METHODS Preliminary analysis of Padi2 and Padi4 single knockout (SKO) mice did not find any overt reproductive defects and we predicted that this was likely due to genetic compensation. To test this hypothesis, we created a Padi2/Padi4 double knockout (DKO) mouse model and tested these mice along with wild-type FVB/NJ (WT) and both strains of SKO mice for a range of reproductive defects. RESULTS Controlled breeding trials found that male DKO mice appeared to take longer to have their first litter than WT controls. This tendency was maintained when these mice were mated to either DKO or WT females. Additionally, unsexed 2-day old DKO pups and male DKO weanlings both weighed significantly less than their WT counterparts, took significantly longer than WT males to reach puberty, and had consistently lower serum testosterone levels. Furthermore, 90-day old adult DKO males had smaller testes than WT males with increased rates of germ cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The Padi2/Padi4 DKO mouse model provides a new tool for investigating PAD function and outcomes from our studies provide the first in vivo evidence linking PADs with hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Sams
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brooke A Marks
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chitvan Mittal
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena Alina Demeter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Nelissen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Transcriptional Regulation and Expression Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ann E Tate
- Transcriptional Regulation and Expression Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Transcriptional Regulation and Expression Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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4
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The Role of Androgen Receptor and microRNA Interactions in Androgen-Dependent Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031553. [PMID: 35163477 PMCID: PMC8835816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family of nuclear transcription factors. It is present in the primary/secondary sexual organs, kidneys, skeletal muscles, adrenal glands, skin, nervous system, and breast. Abnormal AR functioning has been identified in numerous diseases, specifically in prostate cancer (PCa). Interestingly, recent studies have indicated a relationship between the AR and microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk and cancer progression. MiRNAs are small, endogenous, non-coding molecules that are involved in crucial cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. On the one hand, AR may be responsible for the downregulation or upregulation of specific miRNA, while on the other hand, AR is often a target of miRNAs due to their regulatory function on AR gene expression. A deeper understanding of the AR–miRNA interactions may contribute to the development of better diagnostic tools as well as to providing new therapeutic approaches. While most studies usually focus on the role of miRNAs and AR in PCa, in this review, we go beyond PCa and provide insight into the most recent discoveries about the interplay between AR and miRNAs, as well as about other AR-associated and AR-independent diseases.
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5
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Taheri M, Khoshbakht T, Jamali E, Kallenbach J, Ghafouri-Fard S, Baniahmad A. Interaction between Non-Coding RNAs and Androgen Receptor with an Especial Focus on Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:3198. [PMID: 34831421 PMCID: PMC8619311 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has three functional domains, namely the N-terminal, DNA binding, and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain harbors potent transactivation functions, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to androgens and antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer. AR has genomic activity being DNA binding-dependent or through interaction with other DNA-bound transcription factors, as well as a number of non-genomic, non-canonical functions, such as the activation of the ERK, AKT, and MAPK pathways. A bulk of evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs have functional interactions with AR. This type of interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of human malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. In the current review, we summarize the available data on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs on the expression of AR and modulation of AR signaling, as well as the effects of AR on their expression. Recognition of the complicated interaction between non-coding RNAs and AR has practical importance in the design of novel treatment options, as well as modulation of response to conventional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran;
| | - Julia Kallenbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983535511, Iran
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
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6
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Hua Q, Li T, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhu X, Xu P. Upregulation of KLK8 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:624837. [PMID: 34395235 PMCID: PMC8362328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.624837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a growing cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) has potential clinical values in many cancers. However, the clinicopathological significances of KLK8 in PDAC remain unknown. We explored the relationship of KLK8 to clinicopathological features of PDAC based on public databases. KLK8 expression was examined in human PDAC tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in KLK8-overexpressed human pancreatic cancer cell lines Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1. The related signaling pathways of KLK8 involved in pancreatic cancer progression were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and further verified in in vitro studies. We found that KLK8 was up-regulated in tumor tissues in the TCGA-PAAD cohort, and was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC. KLK8 mRNA and protein expressions were increased in PDAC tissues compared with para-cancerous pancreas. KLK8 overexpression exerted pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. GSEA analysis showed that KLK8 was positively associated with PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Notch pathways. KLK8-induced pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells were attenuated by inhibitors for PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, but not by inhibitor for Notch. Furthermore, overexpression of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells significantly increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in the culture media. EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor could block KLK8-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and attenuate pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic of KLK8 in Mia-paca-2 and Panc-1 cells. In conclusion, KLK8 overexpression exerts pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic functions in pancreatic cancer cells via EGF signaling-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Upregulated KLK8 in PDAC predicts poor prognosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingbo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Subramaniam S, Jeet V, Gunter JH, Clements JA, Batra J. Allele-Specific MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of a Glycolysis Gatekeeper PDK1 in Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143582. [PMID: 34298795 PMCID: PMC8304593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has revealed that genetic variations in microRNA (miRNA) binding sites called miRSNPs can alter miRNA binding in an allele-specific manner and impart prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Two miRSNPs, rs1530865 (G > C) and rs2357637 (C > A), in the 3' untranslated region of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) have been previously reported to be associated with PCa risk. However, these results have not been functionally validated. METHODS In silico analysis was used to predict miRNA-PDK1 interactions and was tested using PDK1 knockdown, miRNA overexpression and reporter gene assay. RESULTS PDK1 expression was found to be upregulated in PCa metastasis. Further, our results show that PDK1 suppression reduced the migration, invasion, and glycolysis of PCa cells. Computational predictions showed that miR-3916, miR-3125 and miR-3928 had a higher binding affinity for the C allele than the G allele for the rs1530865 miRSNP which was validated by reporter gene assays. Similarly, miR-2116 and miR-889 had a higher affinity for the A than C allele of the rs2357637 miRSNP. Overexpression of miR-3916 and miR-3125 decreased PDK1 protein levels in cells expressing the rs1530865 SNP C allele, and miR-2116 reduced in cells with the rs2357637 SNP A allele. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to report the regulation of the PDK1 gene by miRNAs in an allele-dependent manner and highlights the role of PDK1 in metabolic adaption associated with PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugarniya Subramaniam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-734437336
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8
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Lu K, Yu M, Chen Y. Non-coding RNAs regulating androgen receptor signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 513:57-63. [PMID: 33309734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies for men worldwide, and abnormal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays an important role in the progression of PCa. However, in the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), AR signaling inevitably recovered, as a result, exploring novel regulating mechanisms is of great importance. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, could be involved in the progression of PCa, and participate in the regulatory network of AR signaling in a variety of ways. This will help to identify novel molecular mechanisms to promote the development of PCa and find new potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the latest research relating to ncRNAs and associated AR signaling in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Urology, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou University Fifth Clinical Medical College, Changshu, China
| | - Muyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou University Fifth Clinical Medical College, Changshu, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Urology, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou University Fifth Clinical Medical College, Changshu, China.
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9
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Pathway Analysis of Genes Identified through Post-GWAS to Underpin Prostate Cancer Aetiology. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050526. [PMID: 32397189 PMCID: PMC7291227 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional role of risk regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has made considerable recent progress and is referred to as the post-GWAS era. Annotation of functional variants to the genes, including cis or trans and understanding their biological pathway/gene network enrichments, is expected to give rich dividends by elucidating the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer. To this aim, we compiled and analysed currently available post-GWAS data that is validated through further studies in prostate cancer, to investigate molecular biological pathways enriched for assigned functional genes. In total, about 100 canonical pathways were significantly, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), enriched in assigned genes using different algorithms. The results have highlighted some well-known cancer signalling pathways, antigen presentation processes and enrichment in cell growth and development gene networks, suggesting risk loci may exert their functional effect on prostate cancer by acting through multiple gene sets and pathways. Additional upstream analysis of the involved genes identified critical transcription factors such as HDAC1 and STAT5A. We also investigated the common genes between post-GWAS and three well-annotated gene expression datasets to endeavour to uncover the main genes involved in prostate cancer development/progression. Post-GWAS generated knowledge of gene networks and pathways, although continuously evolving, if analysed further and targeted appropriately, will have an important impact on clinical management of the disease.
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10
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Moradi A, Srinivasan S, Clements J, Batra J. Beyond the biomarker role: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:333-346. [PMID: 31659564 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is the accepted biomarker of tumor recurrence. PSA levels in serum correlate with disease progression, though its diagnostic accuracy is questionable. As a result, significant progress has been made in developing modified PSA tests such as PSA velocity, PSA density, 4Kscore, PSA glycoprofiling, Prostate Health Index, and the STHLM3 test. PSA, a serine protease, is secreted from the epithelial cells of the prostate. PSA has been suggested as a molecular target for prostate cancer therapy due to the fact that it is not only active in prostate tissue but also has a pivotal role on prostate cancer signaling pathways including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, immune response, and tumor microenvironment regulation. Here, we summarize the current standing of PSA in prostate cancer progression as well as its utility in prostate cancer therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on the role of PSA in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Moradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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11
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Loke SY, Munusamy P, Koh GL, Chan CHT, Madhukumar P, Thung JL, Tan KTB, Ong KW, Yong WS, Sim Y, Oey CL, Lim SZ, Chan MYP, Ho TSJ, Khoo BKJ, Wong SLJ, Thng CH, Chong BK, Tan EY, Tan VKM, Lee ASG. A Circulating miRNA Signature for Stratification of Breast Lesions among Women with Abnormal Screening Mammograms. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121872. [PMID: 31769433 PMCID: PMC6966622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening, the high rates of false-positive mammograms remain a concern. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive and reliable test to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions in order to avoid subjecting patients with abnormal mammograms to unnecessary follow-up diagnostic procedures. Serum samples from 116 malignant breast lesions and 64 benign breast lesions were comprehensively profiled for 2,083 microRNAs (miRNAs) using next-generation sequencing. Of the 180 samples profiled, three outliers were removed based on the principal component analysis (PCA), and the remaining samples were divided into training (n = 125) and test (n = 52) sets at a 70:30 ratio for further analysis. In the training set, significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (adjusted p < 0.01) were identified after correcting for multiple testing using a false discovery rate. Subsequently, a predictive classification model using an eight-miRNA signature and a Bayesian logistic regression algorithm was developed. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in the test set, the model could achieve an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9542. Together, this study demonstrates the potential use of circulating miRNAs as an adjunct test to stratify breast lesions in patients with abnormal screening mammograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Yeen Loke
- Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (P.M.); (G.L.K.); (C.H.T.C.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
| | - Prabhakaran Munusamy
- Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (P.M.); (G.L.K.); (C.H.T.C.)
| | - Geok Ling Koh
- Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (P.M.); (G.L.K.); (C.H.T.C.)
| | - Claire Hian Tzer Chan
- Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (P.M.); (G.L.K.); (C.H.T.C.)
| | - Preetha Madhukumar
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jee Liang Thung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kiat Tee Benita Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Department of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore 544886, Singapore
| | - Kong Wee Ong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei Sean Yong
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Yirong Sim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Chung Lie Oey
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Sue Zann Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Mun Yew Patrick Chan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore; (M.Y.P.C.); (E.Y.T.)
| | - Teng Swan Juliana Ho
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Boon Kheng James Khoo
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Su Lin Jill Wong
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Choon Hua Thng
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Bee Kiang Chong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore; (M.Y.P.C.); (E.Y.T.)
| | - Veronique Kiak-Mien Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (J.L.T.); (K.W.O.); (C.L.O.)
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Ann Siew Gek Lee
- Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (P.M.); (G.L.K.); (C.H.T.C.)
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.M.); (K.T.B.T.); (W.S.Y.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.L.); (T.S.J.H.); (B.K.J.K.); (C.H.T.); (V.K.-M.T.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6436-8313
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Chaudhary Z, Subramaniam S, Khan GM, Abeer MM, Qu Z, Janjua T, Kumeria T, Batra J, Popat A. Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Resveratrol Within Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:225. [PMID: 31620434 PMCID: PMC6759778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally existing polyphenol which exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. In recent years, RES has attracted attention for its synergistic effect with other anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of drug resistant cancers. However, RES faces the issues of poor pharmacokinetics, stability and low solubility which limits its clinical application. In present study, RES has been loaded onto uniformly sized (~60 nm) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to improve its in vitro anti-proliferative activity and sensitization of Docatexal in hypoxia induced drug resistance in prostate cancer. RES was efficiently encapsulated within phosphonate (negatively charged) and amine (positively charged) modified MSNs. The effect of surface functionalization was studied on the loading, in vitro release, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic potential of RES using prostate cancer cell line. At pH 7.4 both free and NH2-MSNs loaded RES showed burst release which was plateaued with almost 90% of drug released in first 12 h. On the other hand, PO3-MSNs showed significantly slower release kinetics with only 50% drug release in first 12 h at pH 7.4. At pH 5.5, however, both the PO3-MSNs and NH2-MSNs showed significant control over release (around 40% less release compared with free RES in 24 h). Phosphonate modified MSNs significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative potential of RES with an IC50 of 7.15 μM as compared to 14.86 μM of free RES whereas amine modified MSNs didn't affect proliferation with an IC50 value higher than free RES (20.45 μM). Furthermore, RES loaded onto PO3-MSNs showed robust and dose dependent sensitization of Docatexal in hypoxic cell environment which was comparable to pure RES solution. This study provides an example of applicability of MSNs loaded with polyphenols such as RES as next generation anticancer formulations for treating drug resistant cancers such as prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanib Chaudhary
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sugarniya Subramaniam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhi Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Taskeen Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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