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Matison AP, Thalamuthu A, Flood VM, Trollor JN, Catts VS, Wright MJ, Ames D, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS, Reppermund S, Mather KA. Genetic and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable consumption and depression in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36732682 PMCID: PMC9896753 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work suggests that higher fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against depression in older adults. Better understanding of the influence of genetic and environmental factors on fruit and vegetable intakes may lead to the design of more effective dietary strategies to increase intakes. In turn this may reduce the occurrence of depression in older adults. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study is to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the consumption of fruit and vegetables in older adults. The secondary aim is an exploratory analysis into possible shared genetic influences on fruit and vegetable intakes and depression. METHODS Analysis of observational data from 374 twins (67.1% female; 208 monozygotic (MZ); 166 dizygotic (DZ)) aged ≥ 65 years drawn from the Older Australian Twins Study. Dietary data were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item short form Geriatric Depression Scale. The contribution of genetic and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable intake were estimated by comparing MZ and DZ twin intakes using structural equation modelling. A tri-variate twin model was used to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between total fruit and vegetable intakes and depression. RESULTS In this study, vegetable intake was moderately influenced by genetics (0.39 95%CI 0.22, 0.54). Heritability was highest for brassica vegetables (0.40 95%CI 0.24, 0.54). Overall fruit intake was not significantly heritable. No significant genetic correlations were detected between fruit and vegetable intake and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Vegetable consumption, particularly bitter tasting brassica vegetables, was significantly influenced by genetics, although environmental influences were also apparent. Consumption of fruit was only influenced by the environment, with no genetic influence detected, suggesting strategies targeting the food environment may be particularly effective for encouraging fruit consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel P. Matison
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,University Centre for Rural Health, Northern Rivers, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vibeke S. Catts
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - David Ames
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XAcademic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.429568.40000 0004 0382 5980National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.415193.bNeuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Karen A. Mather
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, AGSM (G27) Gate 11, Botany Street, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Haeffel GJ, Jeronimus BF, Kaiser BN, Weaver LJ, Soyster PD, Fisher AJ, Vargas I, Goodson JT, Lu W. Folk Classification and Factor Rotations: Whales, Sharks, and the Problems With the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:259-278. [PMID: 35425668 PMCID: PMC9004619 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) uses factor analysis to group people with similar self-reported symptoms (i.e., like-goes-with-like). It is hailed as a significant improvement over other diagnostic taxonomies. However, the purported advantages and fundamental assumptions of HiTOP have received little, if any scientific scrutiny. We critically evaluated five fundamental claims about HiTOP. We conclude that HiTOP does not demonstrate a high degree of verisimilitude and has the potential to hinder progress on understanding the etiology of psychopathology. It does not lend itself to theory-building or taxonomic evolution, and it cannot account for multifinality, equifinality, or developmental and etiological processes. In its current form, HiTOP is not ready to use in clinical settings and may result in algorithmic bias against underrepresented groups. We recommend a bifurcation strategy moving forward in which the DSM is used in clinical settings while researchers focus on developing a falsifiable theory-based classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Lu
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
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Prioritization of Variants for Investigation of Genotype-Directed Nutrition in Human Superpopulations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143516. [PMID: 31323740 PMCID: PMC6678450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines recommended by key health agencies are generally designed for a global population. However, ethnicity affects human disease and environment-gene interactions, including nutrient intake. Historically, isolated human populations with different genetic backgrounds have adapted to distinct environments with varying food sources. Ethnicity is relevant to the interaction of food intake with genes and disease susceptibility; yet major health agencies generally do not recommend food and nutrients codified by population genotypes and their frequencies. In this paper, we have consolidated published nutrigenetic variants and examine their frequencies in human superpopulations to prioritize these variants for future investigation of population-specific genotype-directed nutrition. The nutrients consumed by individuals interact with their genome and may alter disease risk. Herein, we searched the literature, designed a data model, and manually curated hundreds of papers. The resulting database houses 101 variants that reached significance (p < 0.05), from 35 population studies. Nutrigenetic variants associated with modified nutrient intake have the potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and several other diseases. Since many nutrigenetic studies have identified a major variant in some populations, we suggest that superpopulation-specific genotype-directed nutrition modifications be prioritized for future study and evaluation. Genotype-directed nutrition approaches to dietary modification have the potential to reduce disease risk in select human populations.
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Borodina SV, Gapparova KM, Zainudiniv ZM, Grigorian ON. Genetic predictors of obesity development. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.14341/omet201627-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The most common reasons that cause obesity are eating disorders (overeating), genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise), disorders of the endocrine system, and environmental factors. There is evidence of an obvious relationship of high consumption of sugary drinks and weight gain. Since 1990, there has been considerable growth in the number of obese people in the first place associated with the promotion of soft drinks. According to a study in Finnish diabetes prevention average physical activity and change of diet (1200-1800 kcal) of total fat intake with less than 30% saturated fat, including less than 10%, leading to long-term loss of excess weight (within 4 years). Many studies have demonstrated the impossibility of a single template approach to the determination of optimal diets for patients with overweight and obesity which has been shown in various studies on gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity, and their interaction. This article provides an overview of current data on the genetics of obesity covering the main provisions of the study of candidate genes, such as PPARG, FABP2, ADRB 2, ADRB3. The role nutrigenetics in the creation of individual programs of weight control and weight loss. But the question of the direct role of genetic factors in the development of obesity remains controversial, since one can not ignore the impact of environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, and harmful habits. To understand the mechanism of the relationship between genetic factors, environmental factors, and obesity, one needs to carry out research not only on the population level, but also in certain groups of people (ethnic, racial, age).
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Adhikari KB, Tanwir F, Gregersen PL, Steffensen SK, Jensen BM, Poulsen LK, Nielsen CH, Høyer S, Borre M, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids: Cereal phytochemicals with putative therapeutic and health-protecting properties. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1324-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariha Tanwir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Slagelse Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte Denmark
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Medicine and Rheumatology; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a rapid rise in nutrition-related disorders such as obesity in the United States and over the world. Traditional nutrition research has associated various foods and nutrients with obesity. Recent advances in genomics have led to identification of the genetic variants determining body weight and related dietary factors such as intakes of energy and macronutrients. In addition, compelling evidence has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and dietary factors in relation to obesity and weight change. Moreover, recently emerging data from other 'omics' studies such as epigenomics and metabolomics suggest that more complex interplays between the global features of human body and dietary factors may exist at multiple tiers in affecting individuals' susceptibility to obesity; and a concept of 'personalized nutrition' has been proposed to integrate this novel knowledge with traditional nutrition research, with the hope ultimately to endorse person-centric diet intervention to mitigate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA , and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
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Abstract
In the last decade, basic research in chemoreceptor genetics and neurobiology have revolutionized our understanding of individual differences in chemosensation. From an evolutionary perspective, chemosensory variations appear to have arisen in response to different living environments, generally in the avoidance of toxins and to better detect vital food sources. Today, it is often assumed that these differences may drive variable food preferences and choices, with downstream effects on health and wellness. A growing body of evidence indicates chemosensory variation is far more complex than previously believed. However, just because a genetic polymorphism results in altered receptor function in cultured cells or even behavioral phenotypes in the laboratory, this variation may not be sufficient to influence food choice in free living humans. Still, there is ample evidence to indicate allelic variation in TAS2R38 predicts variation in bitterness of synthetic pharmaceuticals (e.g., propylthiouracil) and natural plant compounds (e.g., goitrin), and this variation associates with differential intake of alcohol and vegetables. Further, this is only one of 25 unique bitter taste genes (TAS2Rs) in humans, and emerging evidence suggests other TAS2Rs may also contain polymorphisms that a functional with respect to ingestive behavior. For example, TAS2R16 polymorphisms are linked to the bitterness of naturally occurring plant compounds and alcoholic beverage intake, a TAS2R19 polymorphism predicts differences in quinine bitterness and grapefruit bitterness and liking, and TAS2R31 polymorphisms associate with differential bitterness of plant compounds like aristolochic acid and the sulfonyl amide sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame-K. More critically with respect to food choices, these polymorphisms may vary independently from each other within and across individuals, meaning a monolithic one-size-fits-all approach to bitterness needs to be abandoned. Nor are genetic differences restricted to bitterness. Perceptual variation has also been associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in odors associated with meat defects (boar taint), green/grassy notes, and cilantro, as well as umami and sweet tastes (TAS1R1/2/3). Here, a short primer on receptor genetics is provided, followed by a summary of current knowledge, and implications for human ingestive behavior are discussed.
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Adhikari KB, Lærke HN, Mortensen AG, Fomsgaard IS. Plasma and urine concentrations of bioactive dietary benzoxazinoids and their glucuronidated conjugates in rats fed a rye bread-based diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11518-11524. [PMID: 23113707 DOI: 10.1021/jf301737n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thorough knowledge of the absorption and metabolism of dietary benzoxazinoids is needed to understand their health-promoting effects. In this study, the fates of these bioactive compounds were examined by LC-MS/MS in plasma, urine, and feces after ingesting a daily dose of 4780 ± 68 nmol benzoxazinoids from rye bread using Wistar rats as a model. HBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) was the predominant benzoxazinoid in the plasma (74 ± 27 nmol/L), followed by DIBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and HBOA. The total level of benzoxazinoids in the urine was 1176 ± 66 nmol/d, which corresponds to approximately 25% of the total dietary intake. The urinary benzoxazinoid profile differed from that of plasma with HBOA-glc and DIBOA-glc (647 ± 31 and 466 ± 33 nmol/d, respectively) as the major urinary components. The glucuronide conjugates of HBOA and DIBOA were detected in both the plasma and urine. N-dehydroxylation was found to be a critical step in the absorption of hydroxamic acids. This unprecedented study will trigger future interest in the biological effects of benzoxazinoids in whole grain rye and wheat diets in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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