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Kanaji N, Watanabe N, Inoue T, Mizoguchi H, Sakamoto K, Komori Y, Kawada K, Kadowaki N. Superior vena cava syndrome induced by lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:497. [PMID: 38037127 PMCID: PMC10691103 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superior vena cava syndrome is rarely attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of an 82-year-old Japanese man who experienced gradually progressive dyspnea on exertion. His physical examination revealed small vascular dilatations on his chest and upper abdominal skin characterized by blood flow from head to leg, indicating superior vena cava syndrome. Radiographic findings included lung hyperinflation with a drop-like heart on chest X-ray, and emphysematous changes on computed tomography. The superior vena cava appeared extremely narrow and slit-like, with no adjacent mass or giant bulla. Pulmonary function testing indicated a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 0.82L (44.4% of predicted value) and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity of 31.29%. A diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was made. We discuss how longitudinal forces can narrow the superior vena cava, particularly when it protrudes toward the lung field due to its anatomical location in the upper mediastinum. The absence of mediastinal adipose tissue may render the superior vena cava susceptible to compression, resulting in a loss of its typical columnar structure. The protrusion of the superior vena cava toward the lung field may be a contributing factor to superior vena cava narrowing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSION This case represents the first reported instance of superior vena cava syndrome associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by lung hyperinflation, in the absence of a giant bulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mizoguchi
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Komori
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawada
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Batihan G, Usluer O, Kaya SO. Rare cause of superior vena cava syndrome: a giant bulla. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 11:11/1/bcr-2018-226477. [PMID: 30567164 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of superior vena cava. External compression caused by benign or malign processes is the most common physiopathology. We aim to present a 29-year-old man with non-productive cough, facial plethora and venous distention of the neck. Right apical tense bulla which was compress superior vena cava was detected and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery applied. Our extensive search found out that only one report of SVCS secondary to bulla is available on Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntug Batihan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery, Medical Practice and Research Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozan Usluer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery, Medical Practice and Research Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seyda Ors Kaya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery, Medical Practice and Research Center, Izmir, Turkey
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Mínguez C, Roca B, González-Miño C, Simón E. Superior vena cava syndrome during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in an HIV-1 infected patient. J Infect 2000; 40:187-9. [PMID: 10841098 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(00)80015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is nowadays an uncommon cause of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). We report the case of an HIV-infected patient who presented with respiratory symptoms accompanied by cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Sputum examination showed acid-fast bacilli, and treatment was instituted with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. A few days later SVCS developed, presumably as a consequence of inflammatory lymphadenitis. With corticosteroids, all symptoms disappeared. To our knowledge, no cases of SVCS provoked by this kind of paradoxical reaction have been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mínguez
- Department of Medicine, Hospital General de Castellón, Spain
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