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Partanen J, Hyvärinen K, Bickeböller H, Bogunia-Kubik K, Crossland RE, Ivanova M, Perutelli F, Dressel R. Review of Genetic Variation as a Predictive Biomarker for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575492. [PMID: 33193367 PMCID: PMC7604383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is one of the major complications of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). cGvHD is an autoimmune-like disorder affecting multiple organs and involves a dermatological rash, tissue inflammation and fibrosis. The incidence of cGvHD has been reported to be as high as 30% to 60% and there are currently no reliable tools for predicting the occurrence of cGvHD. There is therefore an important unmet clinical need for predictive biomarkers. The present review summarizes the state of the art for genetic variation as a predictive biomarker for cGvHD. We discuss three different modes of action for genetic variation in transplantation: genetic associations, genetic matching, and pharmacogenetics. The results indicate that currently, there are no genetic polymorphisms or genetic tools that can be reliably used as validated biomarkers for predicting cGvHD. A number of recommendations for future studies can be drawn. The majority of studies to date have been under-powered and included too few patients and genetic markers. Like in all complex multifactorial diseases, large collaborative genome-level studies are now needed to achieve reliable and unbiased results. Some of the candidate genes, in particular, CTLA4, HSPE, IL1R1, CCR6, FGFR1OP, and IL10, and some non-HLA variants in the HLA gene region have been replicated to be associated with cGvHD risk in independent studies. These associations should now be confirmed in large well-characterized cohorts with fine mapping. Some patients develop cGvHD despite very extensive immunosuppression and other treatments, indicating that the current therapeutic regimens may not always be effective enough. Hence, more studies on pharmacogenetics are also required. Moreover, all of these studies should be adjusted for diagnostic and clinical features of cGvHD. We conclude that future studies should focus on modern genome-level tools, such as machine learning, polygenic risk scores and genome-wide association study-transcription meta-analyses, instead of focusing on just single variants. The risk of cGvHD may be related to the summary level of immunogenetic differences, or whole genome histocompatibility between each donor-recipient pair. As the number of genome-wide analyses in HSCT is increasing, we are approaching an era where there will be sufficient data to incorporate these approaches in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Partanen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Hyvärinen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rachel E Crossland
- Haematological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Ivanova
- Medical University, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- Haematological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Huusko JM, Karjalainen MK, Graham BE, Zhang G, Farrow EG, Miller NA, Jacobsson B, Eidem HR, Murray JC, Bedell B, Breheny P, Brown NW, Bødker FL, Litterman NK, Jiang PP, Russell L, Hinds DA, Hu Y, Rokas A, Teramo K, Christensen K, Williams SM, Rämet M, Kingsmore SF, Ryckman KK, Hallman M, Muglia LJ. Whole exome sequencing reveals HSPA1L as a genetic risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007394. [PMID: 30001343 PMCID: PMC6042692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the susceptibility to preterm birth, but despite many investigations, the genetic basis for preterm birth remain largely unknown. Our objective was to identify rare, possibly damaging, nucleotide variants in mothers from families with recurrent spontaneous preterm births (SPTB). DNA samples from 17 Finnish mothers who delivered at least one infant preterm were subjected to whole exome sequencing. All mothers were of northern Finnish origin and were from seven multiplex families. Additional replication samples of European origin consisted of 93 Danish sister pairs (and two sister triads), all with a history of a preterm delivery. Rare exonic variants (frequency <1%) were analyzed to identify genes and pathways likely to affect SPTB susceptibility. We identified rare, possibly damaging, variants in genes that were common to multiple affected individuals. The glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway was the most significant (p<1.7e-8) with genes containing these variants in a subgroup of ten Finnish mothers, each having had 2-4 SPTBs. This pathway was replicated among the Danish sister pairs. A gene in this pathway, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like (HSPA1L), contains two likely damaging missense alleles that were found in four different Finnish families. One of the variants (rs34620296) had a higher frequency in cases compared to controls (0.0025 vs. 0.0010, p = 0.002) in a large preterm birth genome-wide association study (GWAS) consisting of mothers of general European ancestry. Sister pairs in replication samples also shared rare, likely damaging HSPA1L variants. Furthermore, in silico analysis predicted an additional phosphorylation site generated by rs34620296 that could potentially affect chaperone activity or HSPA1L protein stability. Finally, in vitro functional experiment showed a link between HSPA1L activity and decidualization. In conclusion, rare, likely damaging, variants in HSPA1L were observed in multiple families with recurrent SPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Huusko
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Minna K. Karjalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Britney E. Graham
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ge Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Emily G. Farrow
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Miller
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haley R. Eidem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bruce Bedell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Noah W. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Frans L. Bødker
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Pan-Pan Jiang
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Russell
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Youna Hu
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | | | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kari Teramo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mika Rämet
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stephen F. Kingsmore
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kelli K. Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mikko Hallman
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Doberentz E, Genneper L, Wagner R, Madea B. Expression times for hsp27 and hsp70 as an indicator of thermal stress during death due to fire. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:1707-1718. [PMID: 28233103 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) increases in cases of hyperthermal cellular stress in order to protect cellular structures. Hsps can be visualized with immunohistochemical staining. We examined 48 cases of death from fire and excessive heat and a control group of 100 deaths without any perimortem thermal stress, measuring both the hsp27 and hsp70 expressions in myocardial, pulmonary, and renal tissues. The results revealed a correlation between hsp expression and survival time. Hsps are expressed rapidly within seconds or minutes after exposure to heat stress. In particular, hsp27 is expressed fast in high levels, whereas hsp70 expression is higher in the pulmonary and renal tissue of long-term survivors. In the myocardial tissue, hsp27 expression dominated in both short- and long-term survival. The expression pattern is strongly dependent on the organ structure and the survival time, which should be considered in future postmortem studies on hsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Doberentz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Genneper
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Wagner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Madea
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Takahashi S, Andreoletti G, Chen R, Munehira Y, Batra A, Afzal NA, Beattie RM, Bernstein JA, Ennis S, Snyder M. De novo and rare mutations in the HSPA1L heat shock gene associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Genome Med 2017; 9:8. [PMID: 28126021 PMCID: PMC5270254 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Genetic risk factors for IBD are not well understood. METHODS We performed a family-based whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis on a core family (Family A) to identify potential causal mutations and then analyzed exome data from a Caucasian pediatric cohort (136 patients and 106 controls) to validate the presence of mutations in the candidate gene, heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like (HSPA1L). Biochemical assays of the de novo and rare (minor allele frequency, MAF < 0.01) mutation variant proteins further validated the predicted deleterious effects of the identified alleles. RESULTS In the proband of Family A, we found a heterozygous de novo mutation (c.830C > T; p.Ser277Leu) in HSPA1L. Through analysis of WES data of 136 patients, we identified five additional rare HSPA1L mutations (p.Gly77Ser, p.Leu172del, p.Thr267Ile, p.Ala268Thr, p.Glu558Asp) in six patients. In contrast, rare HSPA1L mutations were not observed in controls, and were significantly enriched in patients (P = 0.02). Interestingly, we did not find non-synonymous rare mutations in the HSP70 isoforms HSPA1A and HSPA1B. Biochemical assays revealed that all six rare HSPA1L variant proteins showed decreased chaperone activity in vitro. Moreover, three variants demonstrated dominant negative effects on HSPA1L and HSPA1A protein activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that de novo and rare mutations in HSPA1L are associated with IBD and provide insights into the pathogenesis of IBD, and also expand our understanding of the roles of HSP70s in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Rare Disease & LCM Laboratories, R & D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaia Andreoletti
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoichi Munehira
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Oncology Laboratories, Oncology Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akshay Batra
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Nadeem A Afzal
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - R Mark Beattie
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Heat shock protein 70-hom gene polymorphism and protein expression in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 298:189-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Aquino-Gálvez A, González-Ávila G, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Partida-Rodríguez O, Nieves-Ramírez M, Piña-Ramírez I, Ramírez-Martínez G, Castillejos-López M, Checa M, Ruiz V, Urrea F, Sommer B, Zúñiga J, Selman M. Analysis of heat shock protein 70 gene polymorphisms Mexican patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26496868 PMCID: PMC4619986 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. Genetic variation within different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci contributes to the susceptibility to IPF. The effect of 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to IPF is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the association between HSP70 polymorphisms and IPF susceptibility in the Mexican population. Methods Four HSP70 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated using real time PCR assays in 168 IPF patients and 205 controls: +2763 C>T of HSPA1L (rs2075800), +2437 of HSP HSPA1L A>G (rs2227956), +190 of HSPA1A G>C (rs1043618) and +1267 of HSPA1B G>A (rs1061581). Results The analysis of the recessive model revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of the genotype HSPA1B AA (rs1061581) in IPF patients (OR = 0.27, 95 % CI = 0.13–0.57, Pc = 0.0003) when compared to controls. Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis in a codominant model the HSPA1B (rs1061581) GA and AA genotypes were associated with a lower risk of IPF compared with GG (OR = 0.22, 95 % CI = 0.07–0.65; p = 0.006 and OR = 0.17, 95 % CI = 0.07–0.41; p = <0.001). Similarly, HSPA1L (rs2227956) AG genotype (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI = 0.12–0.99; p = 0.04) and the dominant model AG + GG genotypes were also associated with a lower risk of IPF (OR = 0.24, 95 % CI = 0.08–0.67; p = 0.007). In contrast, the HSPA1L (rs2075800) TT genotype was associated with susceptibility to IPF (OR = 2.52, 95 % CI = 1.32–4.81; p = 0.005). Conclusion Our findings indicate that HSPA1B (rs1061581), HSPA1L (rs2227956) and HSPA1 (rs1043618) polymorphisms are associated with a decreased risk of IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0127-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Georgina González-Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Martha Pérez-Rodríguez
- Hospital General de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Oswaldo Partida-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, CMN S-XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Miriam Nieves-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, CMN S-XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Inocencio Piña-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Marco Checa
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Victor Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Francisco Urrea
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Joaquin Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas" Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, México.
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Rohde MC, Corydon TJ, Hansen J, Pedersen CB, Schmidt SP, Gregersen N, Banner J. Heat stress and sudden infant death syndrome--stress gene expression after exposure to moderate heat stress. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 232:16-24. [PMID: 24053860 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate stress gene expression in cultured primary fibroblasts established from Achilles tendons collected during autopsies from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases, and age-matched controls (infants dying in a traumatic event). Expression of 4 stress responsive genes, HSPA1B, HSPD1, HMOX1, and SOD2, was studied by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis of RNA purified from cells cultured under standard or various thermal stress conditions. The expression of all 4 genes was highly influenced by thermal stress in both SIDS and control cells. High interpersonal variance found in the SIDS group indicated that they represented a more heterogeneous group than controls. The SIDS group responded to thermal stress with a higher expression of the HSPA1B and HSPD1 genes compared to the control group, whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of SOD2 and HMOX1 between the two groups. The differences were related to the heat shock treatment as none of the genes were expressed significantly different in SIDS at base levels at 37 °C. SOD2 and HMOX1 were up regulated in both groups, for SOD2 though the expression was lower in SIDS at all time points measured, and may be less related to heat stress. Being found dead in the prone position (a known risk factor for SIDS) was related to a lower HSPA1B up-regulation in SIDS compared to SIDS found on their side or back. The study demonstrates the potential usefulness of gene expression studies using cultured fibroblasts established from deceased individuals as a tool for molecular and pathological investigations in forensic and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cathrine Rohde
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Pathology, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Stricher F, Macri C, Ruff M, Muller S. HSPA8/HSC70 chaperone protein: structure, function, and chemical targeting. Autophagy 2013; 9:1937-54. [PMID: 24121476 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPA8/HSC70 protein is a fascinating chaperone protein. It represents a constitutively expressed, cognate protein of the HSP70 family, which is central in many cellular processes. In particular, its regulatory role in autophagy is decisive. We focused this review on HSC70 structure-function considerations and based on this, we put a particular emphasis on HSC70 targeting by small molecules and peptides in order to develop intervention strategies that deviate some of HSC70 properties for therapeutic purposes. Generating active biomolecules regulating autophagy via its effect on HSC70 can effectively be designed only if we understand the fine relationships between HSC70 structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Stricher
- CNRS; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis; Strasbourg, France
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9
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Petersdorf EW, Malkki M, Horowitz MM, Spellman SR, Haagenson MD, Wang T. Mapping MHC haplotype effects in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2013; 121:1896-905. [PMID: 23305741 PMCID: PMC3591807 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-11-465161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening risks associated with HLA-mismatched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation limit its general application for the treatment of blood diseases. The increased risks might be explained by undetected genetic variation within the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. We retrospectively assessed each of 1108 MHC region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2628 patients and their HLA-mismatched unrelated donors to determine whether SNPs are associated with the risk of mortality, disease-free survival, transplant-related mortality, relapse, and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Multivariate analysis adjusted for HLA mismatching and nongenetic variables associated with each clinical end point. Twelve SNPs were identified as transplantation determinants. SNP-associated risks were conferred by either patient or donor SNP genotype or by patient-donor SNP mismatching. Risks after transplantation increased with increasing numbers of unfavorable SNPs. SNPs that influenced acute GVHD were independent of those that affected risk of chronic GVHD and relapse. HLA haplotypes differed with respect to haplotype content of (un)favorable SNPs. Outcome after HLA-mismatched unrelated donor transplantation is influenced by MHC region variation that is undetected with conventional HLA typing. Knowledge of the SNP content of HLA haplotypes provides a means to estimate risks prior to transplantation and to lower complications through judicious selection of donors with favorable MHC genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie W Petersdorf
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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10
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Kabani M, Martineau CN. Multiple hsp70 isoforms in the eukaryotic cytosol: mere redundancy or functional specificity? Curr Genomics 2011; 9:338-248. [PMID: 19471609 PMCID: PMC2685646 DOI: 10.2174/138920208785133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 molecular chaperones play a variety of functions in every organism, cell type and organelle, and their activities have been implicated in a number of human pathologies, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. The functions, regulations and structure of Hsp70s were intensively studied for about three decades, yet much still remains to be learned about these essential folding enzymes. Genome sequencing efforts revealed that most genomes contain multiple members of the Hsp70 family, some of which co-exist in the same cellular compartment. For example, the human cytosol and nucleus contain six highly homologous Hsp70 proteins while the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains four canonical Hsp70s and three fungal-specific ribosome-associated and specialized Hsp70s. The reasons and significance of the requirement for multiple Hsp70s is still a subject of debate. It has been postulated for a long time that these Hsp70 isoforms are functionally redundant and differ only by their spatio-temporal expression patterns. However, several studies in yeast and higher eukaryotic organisms challenged this widely accepted idea by demonstrating functional specificity among Hsp70 isoforms. Another element of complexity is brought about by specific cofactors, such as Hsp40s or nucleotide exchange factors that modulate the activity of Hsp70s and their binding to client proteins. Hence, a dynamic network of chaperone/co-chaperone interactions has evolved in each organism to efficiently take advantage of the multiple cellular roles Hsp70s can play. We summarize here our current knowledge of the functions and regulations of these molecular chaperones, and shed light on the known functional specificities among isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabani
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS), CNRS, Bât. 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract
Mammalian ribosome-associated complex (mRAC), consisting of the J-domain protein MPP11 and the atypical Hsp70 homolog (70-homolog) Hsp70L1, can partly complement the function of RAC, which is the homologous complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RAC is the J-domain partner exclusively of the 70-homolog Ssb, which directly and independently of RAC binds to the ribosome. We here show that growth defects due to mRAC depletion in HeLa cells resemble those of yeast strains lacking RAC. Functional conservation, however, did not extend to the 70-homolog partner of mRAC. None of the major human 70-homologs was able to complement the growth defects of yeast strains lacking Ssb or was bound to ribosomes in an Ssb-like manner. Instead, our data suggest that mRAC was a specific partner of human Hsp70 but not of its close homolog Hsc70. On a mechanistic level, ATP binding, but not ATP hydrolysis, by Hsp70L1 affected mRAC's function as a J-domain partner of Hsp70. The combined data indicate that, while functionally conserved, yeast and mammalian cells have evolved distinct solutions to ensure that Hsp70-type chaperones can efficiently assist the biogenesis of newly synthesized polypeptide chains.
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12
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Stress response profiles in human fibroblasts exposed to heat shock or oxidative stress. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 648:161-73. [PMID: 20700711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-756-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of stress proteins is an important step in the cellular defense against various endogenous and exogenous stressors, and the stress response systems are therefore essential to cell maintenance and survival. In order to evaluate the cellular capability to cope with exogenous stressors, we investigated stress response profiles in cultured human fibroblasts exposed to short-term heat shock or oxidative stress. Quantitative PCR analysis as well as Western blotting demonstrated a specific upregulation of Hsp70 mRNA and protein after heat shock, while heme oxygenase 1 (HO1 or Hsp32) mRNA and protein was specifically upregulated following H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Hsp70 and HO1 should therefore be considered as useful biomarkers for acute heat stress and oxidative stress, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that the expression of Hsp70 and HO1 in response to exogenous stressors may be regulated through different mechanisms.
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13
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Garg M, Kanojia D, Saini S, Suri S, Gupta A, Surolia A, Suri A. Germ cell-specific heat shock protein 70-2 is expressed in cervical carcinoma and is involved in the growth, migration, and invasion of cervical cells. Cancer 2010; 116:3785-96. [PMID: 20564126 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a major cause of death among women worldwide, and the most cases are reported in the least developed countries. Recently, a study on DNA microarray gene expression analysis demonstrated the overexpression of heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) in cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between HSP70-2 expression in cervical carcinogenesis and its potential role in various malignant properties that result in disease progression. METHODS HSP70-2 expression was examined in various cervical cancer cell lines with different origins and in clinical cervical cancer specimens by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. A plasmid-based, short-hairpin RNA approach was used specifically to knock down the expression of HSP70-2 in cervical tumor cells in vitro and in vivo to examine the role of HSP70-2 on various malignant properties. RESULTS RT-PCR and IHC analyses revealed HSP70-2 expression in 86% of cervical cancer specimens. Furthermore, knockdown of HSP70-2 expression significantly reduced cellular growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. A significant association of HSP70-2 gene and protein expression was observed among the various tumor stages (P=.046) and different grades (P=.006), suggesting that HSP70-2 expression may be an indicator of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggested that HSP70-2 may play an important role in disease progression in cervical carcinogenesis. Patients who had early stage disease and low-grade tumors had HSP70-2 expression, supporting its potential role in early detection and aggressive treatment modalities for cervical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Cancer Microarray, Genes, and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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14
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Maugeri N, Radhakrishnan J, Knight JC. Genetic determinants of HSP70 gene expression following heat shock. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:4939-47. [PMID: 20876613 PMCID: PMC2989893 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of heat shock protein expression is of significant physiological and pathophysiological significance. Here we show that genetic diversity is an important determinant of heat shock protein 70 expression involving local, likely cis-acting, polymorphisms. We define DNA sequence variation for the highly homologous HSPA1A and HSPA1B genes in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21 and establish quantitative and specific assays for determining transcript abundance. We show for lymphoblastoid cell lines established from individuals of African ancestry that following heat shock, expression of HSPA1B is associated with rs400547 (P 3.88 × 10−8) and linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located 62–93 kb telomeric to HSPA1B. This association was found to explain 31 and 29% of the variance in HSPA1B expression following heat shock or in resting cells, respectively. The associated SNPs show marked variation in minor allele frequency among populations, being more common in individuals of African ancestry, and are located in a region showing population-specific haplotypic block structure. The work illustrates how analysis of a heritable induced expression phenotype can be highly informative in defining functionally important genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narelle Maugeri
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Sfar S, Saad H, Mosbah F, Chouchane L. Synergistic effect and VEGF/HSP70-hom haplotype analysis: relationship to prostate cancer risk and clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:377-82. [PMID: 20096741 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disorder resulting from the combined effects of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Our previous single-locus analysis showed that VEGF and HSP70-hom polymorphisms were significantly associated with PCa susceptibility and prognosis. Both genes encoding these proteins were located on chromosome 6p21, and combining the neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into haplotypes may increase the association with the disease. Three tagging polymorphisms, the HSP70-hom 2437 T/C, the VEGF-1154 G/A, and the VEGF-634 G/C SNPs were genotyped in 101 cases and 80 controls. For the combined analysis of VEGF and HSP70-hom, we found a positive gradient in the odds ratios (ORs) related to the number of high-risk genotypes with a 3.53-fold increase of prostate carcinoma risk (OR = 3.53; p = 0.015). Furthermore, the TAG and CAG haplotypes at positions HSP70-hom, VEGF -1154 and VEGF -634 exhibited a two-fold (OR = 0.46; p = 0.014) and a seven-fold (OR = 0.14; p = 0.00005) reduction in PCa risk, respectively. Regarding PCa prognosis, the TAG haplotype had a negative association with the aggressive phenotype as defined by the histopathological grade (OR = 0.28; p = 0.006). Our findings confirm the role of at-risk haplotype across the HSP70-hom/VEGF gene cluster in determining susceptibility to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sfar
- Department of Molecular Immuno-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia.
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16
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Heat-shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma is associated with tumour progression and promotes migration and invasion. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Peng W, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Cheng H, Zhu W, Cao CM, Xiao RP. Cardioprotection by CaMKII-deltaB is mediated by phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 and subsequent expression of inducible heat shock protein 70. Circ Res 2009; 106:102-10. [PMID: 19910575 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.210914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II is a multifunctional kinase involved in vital cellular processes such as Ca(2+) handling and cell fate regulation. In mammalian heart, 2 primary CaMKII isoforms, deltaB and deltaC, localize in nuclear and cytosolic compartments, respectively. Although previous studies have established an essential role of CaMKII-deltaC in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the functional role of the more abundant isoform, CaMKII-deltaB, remains elusive. OBJECTIVE Here, we determined the potential role of CaMKII-deltaB in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and explored the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the expression of CaMKII-deltaB and CaMKII-deltaC was inversely regulated in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress with a profound reduction of the former and an increase of the later. Similarly, in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (IR) led to an opposite regulation of these CaMKII isoforms in a rat myocardial IR model. Notably, overexpression of CaMKII-deltaB protected cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-, hypoxia-, and angiotensin II-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of its cytosolic counterpart promoted apoptosis. Using cDNA microarray, real-time PCR and Western blotting, we demonstrated that overexpression of CaMKII-deltaB but not CaMKII-deltaC elevated expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70 family members, including inducible (i)HSP70 and its homolog (Hst70). Moreover, overexpression of CaMKII-deltaB led to phosphorylation and activation of heat shock factor (HSF)1, the primary transcription factor responsible for HSP70 gene regulation. Importantly, gene silencing of iHSP70, but not Hst70, abolished CaMKII-deltaB-mediated protective effect, indicating that only iHSP70 was required for CaMKII-deltaB elicited antiapoptotic signaling. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that cardiac CaMKII-deltaB and CaMKII-deltaC were inversely regulated in response to oxidative stress and IR injury, and that in contrast to CaMKII-deltaC, CaMKII-deltaB serves as a potent suppressor of cardiomyocyte apoptosis triggered by multiple death-inducing stimuli via phosphorylation of HSF1 and subsequent induction of iHSP70, marking both CaMKII-delta isoforms as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Franzellitti S, Valbonesi P, Contin A, Biondi C, Fabbri E. HSP70 expression in human trophoblast cells exposed to different 1.8 Ghz mobile phone signals. Radiat Res 2009; 170:488-97. [PMID: 19024656 DOI: 10.1667/rr1405.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are important cellular stress markers and have been proposed as candidates to infer biological effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs). In the current study, HSP70 gene and protein expression were evaluated in cells of the human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo after prolonged exposure (4 to 24 h) to 1.8 GHz continuous-wave (CW) and different GSM signals (GSM-217Hz and GSM-Talk) to assess the possible effects of time and modulation schemes on cell responses. Inducible HSP70 protein expression was not modified by high-frequency EMFs under any condition tested. The inducible HSP70A, HSP70B and the constitutive HSC70 transcripts did not change in cells exposed to high-frequency EMFs with the different modulation schemes. Instead, levels of the inducible HSP70C transcript were significantly enhanced after 24 h exposure to GSM-217Hz signals and reduced after 4 and 16 h exposure to GSM-Talk signals. As in other cell systems, in HTR-8/SVneo cells the response to high-frequency EMFs was detected at the mRNA level after exposure to amplitude-modulated GSM signals. The present results suggest that the expression analysis for multiple transcripts, though encoding the same or similar protein products, can be highly informative and may account for subtle changes not detected at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Interdepartmental Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
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19
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Vos MJ, Hageman J, Carra S, Kampinga HH. Structural and functional diversities between members of the human HSPB, HSPH, HSPA, and DNAJ chaperone families. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7001-11. [PMID: 18557634 DOI: 10.1021/bi800639z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were originally identified as stress-responsive proteins required to deal with proteotoxic stresses. Besides being stress-protective and possible targets for delaying progression of protein folding diseases, mutations in chaperones also have been shown to cause disease (chaperonopathies). The mechanism of action of the "classical", stress-inducible HSPs in serving as molecular chaperones preventing the irreversible aggregation of stress-unfolded or disease-related misfolded proteins is beginning to emerge. However, the human genome encodes several members for each of the various HSP families that are not stress-related but contain conserved domains. Here, we have reviewed the existing literature on the various members of the human HSPB (HSP27), HSPH (HSP110), HSPA (HSP70), and DNAJ (HSP40) families. Apart from structural and functional homologies, several diversities between members and families can be found that not only point to differences in client specificity but also seem to serve differential client handling and processing. How substrate specificity and client processing is determined is far from being understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Vos
- Department of Cell Biology, Section of Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Kim JJ, Mandelli L, Lim S, Lim HK, Kwon OJ, Pae CU, Serretti A, Nimgaonkar VL, Paik IH, Jun TY. Association analysis of heat shock protein 70 gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 258:239-44. [PMID: 18299791 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-007-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a promising candidate gene in schizophrenia as they are believed to play a protective role in the central nervous system. An alteration in the titers of antibodies to the HSPs in schizophrenia patients has been suggested. Association between the three polymorphisms of HSP70-1 (HSPA1A), HSP70-hom (HSPA1L) and HSP70-2 (HSPA1B) and schizophrenia has been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the association between an enlarged set of SNPs at HSP70 gene and schizophrenia. METHODS Two hundred and ninety-four patients with schizophrenia and 287 controls were enrolled in the study. Genotypings of 5 SNPs of HSP70 were performed using pyrosequencing method. Haploview 3.2 was used to generate a linkage disequilibrium map and to test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Single locus and haplotype-based associations were tested. Tests for associations using and multi-marker haplotypes were performed by using a COCAPHASE v2.403. Association of SNP markers and clinical variables were analyzed by analysis of variance. RESULTS Significant association was detected at rs2075799 (allele A, X2 = 8.03, df = 1, P = 0.0046), but not at rs2227956 (P = 0.28), rs1043618 (P = 0.88), rs562047 (P = 0.47) or rs539689 (P = 0.32). In fact, the rs2075799*G/A genotype was more represented in patients with schizophrenia than in controls (X2 = 8.23, df= 1, P = 0.0041). Haplotype based associations were also detected (global P value 0.000003); the T-A-C-C-G haplotype was more prevalent among the patients (odds ratio, OR 5.95). Sliding windows analysis revealed a major contribution from rs2227956 and rs2075799 (global-P value 0.0075), with T-A haplotype significantly associated with schizophrenia. There was no evidence of an association between the clinical variables and schizophrenia across the genotypes. CONCLUSION Our results raise the possibility that HSP70 gene (i.e., haplotypes of rs2075799) might be implicated in the development of schizophrenia, although limited by rare haplotypic association with the disease. Hence further studies from different ethnics should be performed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kitamura E, Igarashi J, Morohashi A, Hida N, Oinuma T, Nemoto N, Song F, Ghosh S, Held WA, Yoshida-Noro C, Nagase H. Analysis of tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (TDMs) in humans. Genomics 2006; 89:326-37. [PMID: 17188838 PMCID: PMC1847344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation have been implicated in mammalian development. Hence, the identification of tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (TDMs) is indispensable for understanding its role. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning of six mouse tissues, 150 putative TDMs were identified and 14 were further analyzed. The DNA sequences of the 14 mouse TDMs are analyzed in this study. Six of the human homologous regions show TDMs to both mouse and human and genes in five of these regions have conserved tissue-specific expression: preferential expression in testis. A TDM, DDX4, is further analyzed in nine testis tissues. An increase in methylation of the promoter region is significantly associated with a marked reduction of the gene expression and defects in spermatogenesis, suggesting that hypomethylation of the DDX4 promoter region regulates DDX4 gene expression in spermatogenic cells. Our results indicate that some genomic regions with tissue-specific methylation and expression are conserved between mouse and human and suggest that DNA methylation may have an important role in regulating differentiation and tissue-/cell-specific gene expression of some genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Kitamura
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jun Igarashi
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Aiko Morohashi
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoko Hida
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshinori Oinuma
- Department of Pathology, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nemoto
- Department of Pathology, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Srimoyee Ghosh
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - William A. Held
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Chikako Yoshida-Noro
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Cancer Genetics, Nihon, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
- *Corresponding author. Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Cancer Genetics, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610. Tel/Fax: +81-3-3972-8337. E-mail address: (H. Nagase)
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Enomoto Y, Bharti A, Khaleque AA, Song B, Liu C, Apostolopoulos V, Xing PX, Calderwood SK, Gong J. Enhanced immunogenicity of heat shock protein 70 peptide complexes from dendritic cell-tumor fusion cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:5946-55. [PMID: 17056519 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a molecular chaperone-based tumor vaccine that reverses the immune tolerance of cancer cells. Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 extracted from fusions of dendritic (DC) and tumor cells (HSP70.PC-F) possess superior properties such as stimulation of DC maturation and T cell proliferation over its counterpart from tumor cells. More importantly, immunization of mice with HSP70.PC-F resulted in a T cell-mediated immune response including significant increase of CD8 T cells and induction of the effector and memory T cells that was able to break T cell unresponsiveness to a nonmutated tumor Ag and provide protection of mice against challenge with tumor cells. By contrast, the immune response to vaccination with HSP70-PC derived from tumor cells is muted against such nonmutated tumor Ag. HSP70.PC-F complexes differed from those derived from tumor cells in a number of key manners, most notably, enhanced association with immunologic peptides. In addition, the molecular chaperone HSP90 was found to be associated with HSP70.PC-F as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation, suggesting ability to carry an increased repertoire of antigenic peptides by the two chaperones. Significantly, activation of DC by HSP70.PC-F was dependent on the presence of an intact MyD88 gene, suggesting a role for TLR signaling in DC activation and T cell stimulation. These experiments indicate that HSP70-peptide complexes (PC) derived from DC-tumor fusion cells have increased their immunogenicity and therefore constitute an improved formulation of chaperone protein-based tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Enomoto
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Alfirevic A, Mills T, Harrington P, Pinel T, Sherwood J, Jawaid A, Smith JC, March RE, Barratt BJ, Chadwick DW, Kevin Park B, Pirmohamed M. Serious carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions associated with the HSP70 gene cluster. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2006; 16:287-96. [PMID: 16538175 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000189800.88596.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of carbamazepine (CBZ), the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is hampered by the occurrence of severe, potentially lethal hypersensitivity reactions. The pathogenesis of hypersensitivity is not yet known, but immune mechanisms are involved. Predisposition to CBZ hypersensitivity is likely to be genetically determined, and genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been implicated. The heat shock protein (HSP70) gene cluster is located in the MHC class III region. METHODS Using a case-control study design, we compared 61 patients with CBZ hypersensitivity (22 with a severe reaction) to 44 patients on CBZ with no signs of hypersensitivity and 172 healthy controls. The genotyping strategy involved identification of common and rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HSP70 gene cluster by sequencing, estimation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype structure, and thereafter, analysis of SNP/haplotype frequencies in the cases and controls. Population substructure was evaluated by genotyping of 34 microsatellites. RESULTS Twenty-five SNPs were detected across the three HSP70 genes. Analyses revealed that alleles G, T and C at the SNPs HSPA1A +1911 C/G, HSPA1A +438 C/T and HSPA1L +2437 T/C, respectively, were associated with protection from serious hypersensitivity reactions to CBZ, with the associated alleles falling on a common haplotype. We were unable to detect the presence of population stratification in our patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that HSP70 gene variants are associated with serious CBZ hypersensitivity reactions, but whether this is causal or reflects LD with another gene within the MHC requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alfirevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
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Rohde M, Daugaard M, Jensen MH, Helin K, Nylandsted J, Jäättelä M. Members of the heat-shock protein 70 family promote cancer cell growth by distinct mechanisms. Genes Dev 2005; 19:570-82. [PMID: 15741319 PMCID: PMC551577 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the stress-inducible heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has gained plenty of attention as a putative target for tumor therapy, little is known about the role of other Hsp70 proteins in cancer. Here we present the first thorough analysis of the expression and function of the cytosolic Hsp70 proteins in human cancer cells and identify Hsp70-2, a protein essential for spermatogenesis, as an important regulator of cancer cell growth. Targeted knock-down of the individual family members by RNA interference revealed that both Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 were required for cancer cell growth, whereas the survival of tumorigenic as well as nontumorigenic cells depended on Hsc70. Cancer cells depleted for Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 displayed strikingly different morphologies (detached and round vs. flat senescent-like), cell cycle distributions (G2/M vs. G1 arrest) and gene expression profiles. Only Hsp70-2 depletion induced the expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 that was identified as a target of P53 tumor-suppressor protein and a mediator of the G1 arrest and the senescent phenotype. Importantly, concomitant depletion of Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 had a synergistic antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Thus, highly homologous Hsp70 proteins bring about nonoverlapping functions essential for cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rohde
- Apoptosis Department and Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Thompson HS, Maynard EB, Morales ER, Scordilis SP. Exercise-induced HSP27, HSP70 and MAPK responses in human skeletal muscle. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2003; 178:61-72. [PMID: 12713516 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work examined protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of intramuscular heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), heat shock cognate (HSC70) and HSP70 in human biceps brachii (BB) and vastus lateralis (VL) subsequent to two different exercises. METHODS Untrained subjects performed 50 high-force eccentric contractions with their non-dominant BB and ran downhill (-10 degrees) for 30 min. The 48-h PX stress response was evaluated with immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Muscle damage was indicated indirectly at 48 h post-exercise (PX) [loss of mobility, muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity]. RESULTS On the protein level, HSP27 and HSP70 increased significantly PX in the BB (384 and 227%, respectively; P < 0.01), but there were no significant HSP changes in the VL or in HSC70 in either muscle. The RT-PCR data complemented these findings: BB HSP27 and HSP70C mRNA levels increased (135 and 128%, respectively; P < 0.05); in the VL only HSP70B increased (206%; P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of e-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) increased significantly in the BB (226 and 200%, respectively; P < 0.05) but not in the VL, indicating activation of these pathways only after the resistance exercise. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the PX HSP and mitogen-activated protein kinase responses are exercise-specific and local, not systemic. Further, only the resistance exercise induced HSP expression (protein and mRNA) and JNK/ERK activation at 48 h PX, suggesting that these molecules may be important to long-term skeletal muscle adaptations such as hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Thompson
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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