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Beythien G, de le Roi M, Stanelle-Bertram S, Armando F, Heydemann L, Rosiak M, Becker S, Lamers MM, Kaiser FK, Haagmans BL, Ciurkiewicz M, Gabriel G, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W. Detection of Double-Stranded RNA Intermediates During SARS-CoV-2 Infections of Syrian Golden Hamsters with Monoclonal Antibodies and Its Implications for Histopathological Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11425. [PMID: 39518980 PMCID: PMC11546166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the challenges posed by the emergence and rapid global spread of previously unknown viruses. Early investigations on the pathogenesis of newly identified viruses are often hampered by a lack of appropriate sample material and conventional detection methods. In this study, viral replication within the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters was assessed by immunolabeling dsRNA intermediates with three different monoclonal antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The presence of dsRNA was compared to viral antigen levels, viral titers, and genomic RNA replicates using three different variants of concern and an ancestral virus strain at a single time point and during the course of infection with an ancestral variant, and then validated using fluorescent 2-plex in situ hybridization. The results indicate that the detection of viral infection using anti-dsRNA antibodies is restricted to an early phase of infection with high viral replication activity. Additionally, the combined detection of dsRNA intermediates and viral antigens may help to bridge the interpretation gaps between viral antigen levels and viral titers at a single time point. Further testing in other viral infections or species is needed to assess the potential of dsRNA as an early marker for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine de le Roi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Heydemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Rosiak
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Becker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Mart M. Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.L.); (B.L.H.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Franziska K. Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.L.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Gülşah Gabriel
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.-B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.d.l.R.); (F.A.); (L.H.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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