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Benndorf R, Gilmont RR, Hirano S, Ransom RF, Jungblut PR, Bommer M, Goldman JE, Welsh MJ. Small heat shock protein speciation: novel non-canonical 44 kDa HspB5-related protein species in rat and human tissues. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:813-826. [PMID: 29542021 PMCID: PMC6111085 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When analyzing small stress proteins of rat and human tissues by electrophoretic methods followed by western blotting, and using the anti-HspB1/anti-HspB5 antibody clone 8A7, we unexpectedly found a protein with a molecular mass of ~44 kDa. On two-dimensional gels, this protein resolved into four distinct species. Electrophoretic and immunological evidence suggests that this 44 kDa protein is a derivative of HspB5, most likely a covalently linked HspB5 dimer. This HspB5-like 44 kDa protein (HspB5L-P44) is particularly abundant in rat heart, brain, and renal cortex and glomeruli. HspB5L-P44 was also found in human brains, including those from patients with Alexander disease, a condition distinguished by cerebral accumulation of HspB5. Gray matter of such a patient contained an elevated amount of HspB5L-P44. A spatial model of structurally ordered dimeric HspB5 α-crystallin domains reveals the exposed and adjacent position of the two peptide segments homologous to the HspB1-derived 8A7 antigen determinant peptide (epitope). This explains the observed extraordinary high avidity of the 8A7 antibody towards HspB5L-P44, as opposed to commonly used HspB5-specific antibodies which recognize other epitopes. This scenario also explains the remarkable fact that no previous study reported the existence of HspB5L-P44 species. Exposure of rat endothelial cells to UV light, an oxidative stress condition, temporarily increased HspB5L-P44, suggesting physiological regulation of the dimerization. The existence of HspB5L-P44 supports the protein speciation discourse and fits to the concept of the protein code, according to which the expression of a given gene is reflected only by the complete set of the derived protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Benndorf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Robert R Gilmont
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sahoko Hirano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Ransom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter R Jungblut
- Core Facility Protein Analysis, Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bommer
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Guess AJ, Ayoob R, Chanley M, Manley J, Cajaiba MM, Agrawal S, Pengal R, Pyle AL, Becknell B, Kopp JB, Ronkina N, Gaestel M, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE. Crucial roles of the protein kinases MK2 and MK3 in a mouse model of glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54239. [PMID: 23372691 PMCID: PMC3553169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) signaling has been implicated in various experimental and human glomerulopathies, and its inhibition has proven beneficial in animal models of these diseases. p38 MAPK signaling is partially mediated through MK2 and MK3, two phylogenetically related protein kinases that are its direct substrates. The current study was designed to determine the specific roles of MK2 and MK3 in a mouse model of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, using mice with disrupted MK2 and/or MK3 genes. We found that the absence of MK3 alone worsened the disease course and increased mortality slightly compared to wild-type mice, whereas the absence of MK2 alone exhibited no significant effect. However, in an MK3-free background, the disease course depended on the presence of MK2 in a gene dosage-dependent manner, with double knock-out mice being most susceptible to disease induction. Histological and renal functional analyses confirmed kidney damage following disease induction. Because the renal stress response plays a crucial role in kidney physiology and disease, we analyzed the stress response pattern in this disease model. We found that renal cortices of diseased mice exhibited a pronounced and specific pattern of expression and/or phosphorylation of stress proteins and other indicators of the stress response (HSPB1, HSPB6, HSPB8, CHOP, eIF2α), partially in a MK2/MK3 genotype-specific manner, and without induction of a general stress response. Similarly, the expression and activation patterns of other protein kinases downstream of p38 MAPK (MNK1, MSK1) depended partially on the MK2/MK3 genotype in this disease model. In conclusion, MK2 and MK3 together play crucial roles in the regulation of the renal stress response and in the development of glomerulonephritis, which can potentially be exploited to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Guess
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rose Ayoob
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melinda Chanley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua Manley
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mariana M. Cajaiba
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ruma Pengal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Pyle
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Benndorf
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William E. Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Sun X, Fontaine JM, Hoppe AD, Carra S, DeGuzman C, Martin JL, Simon S, Vicart P, Welsh MJ, Landry J, Benndorf R. Abnormal interaction of motor neuropathy-associated mutant HspB8 (Hsp22) forms with the RNA helicase Ddx20 (gemin3). Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:567-82. [PMID: 20157854 PMCID: PMC3006614 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of missense mutations in the two related small heat shock proteins HspB8 (Hsp22) and HspB1 (Hsp27) have been associated with the inherited motor neuron diseases (MND) distal hereditary motor neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. HspB8 and HspB1 interact with each other, suggesting that these two etiologic factors may act through a common biochemical mechanism. However, their role in neuron biology and in MND is not understood. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the DEAD box protein Ddx20 (gemin3, DP103) as interacting partner of HspB8. Using co-immunoprecipitation, chemical cross-linking, and in vivo quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we confirmed this interaction. We also show that the two disease-associated mutant HspB8 forms have abnormally increased binding to Ddx20. Ddx20 itself binds to the survival-of-motor-neurons protein (SMN protein), and mutations in the SMN1 gene cause spinal muscular atrophy, another MND and one of the most prevalent genetic causes of infant mortality. Thus, these protein interaction data have linked the three etiologic factors HspB8, HspB1, and SMN protein, and mutations in any of their genes cause the various forms of MND. Ddx20 and SMN protein are involved in spliceosome assembly and pre-mRNA processing. RNase treatment affected the interaction of the mutant HspB8 with Ddx20 suggesting RNA involvement in this interaction and a potential role of HspB8 in ribonucleoprotein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jean-Marc Fontaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Adam D. Hoppe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Serena Carra
- Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie, l’Université Laval, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Laval, Québec Canada G1R 2J6
- Section for Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheryl DeGuzman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jody L. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Stephanie Simon
- Laboratory BFA, University Paris Diderot/CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Laboratory BFA, University Paris Diderot/CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jacques Landry
- Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie, l’Université Laval, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Laval, Québec Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Rainer Benndorf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Research Building II, Room WA2109, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
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McHaourab HS, Godar JA, Stewart PL. Structure and mechanism of protein stability sensors: chaperone activity of small heat shock proteins. Biochemistry 2009; 48:3828-37. [PMID: 19323523 DOI: 10.1021/bi900212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) make up a remarkably diverse group of molecular chaperones possessing a degree of structural plasticity unparalleled in other protein superfamilies. In the absence of chemical energy input, these stability sensors can sensitively recognize and bind destabilized proteins, even in the absence of gross misfolding. Cellular conditions regulate affinity toward client proteins, allowing tightly controlled switching and tuning of sHSP chaperone capacity. Perturbations of this regulation, through chemical modification or mutation, directly lead to a variety of disease states. This review explores the structural basis of sHSP oligomeric flexibility and the corresponding functional consequences in the context of a model describing sHSP activity with a set of three coupled thermodynamic equilibria. As current research illuminates many novel physiological roles for sHSP outside of their traditional duties as molecular chaperones, such a conceptual framework provides a sound foundation for describing these emerging functions in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane S McHaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, USA.
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Sun X, Fontaine JM, Bartl I, Behnam B, Welsh MJ, Benndorf R. Induction of Hsp22 (HspB8) by estrogen and the metalloestrogen cadmium in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 12:307-19. [PMID: 18229450 DOI: 10.1379/csc-276.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of human breast cancer. The estrogenic response is complex and not completely understood, including in terms of the involved responsive genes. Here we show that Hsp22 (synonyms: HspB8, E2lG1, H11), a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) superfamily, was induced by E2 in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, resulting in an elevated Hsp22 protein level, whereas it was not induced in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. This induction was prevented by the pure anti-estrogen ICI182780 (faslodex, fulvestrant), whereas tamoxifen, a substance with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, had no major inhibitory effect on this induction, nor did it induce Hsp22 on its own. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with estrogenic properties (metalloestrogen) that has been implicated in breast cancer. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with Cd also resulted in induction of Hsp22, and this induction was also inhibited by ICI182780. In live MCF-7 cells, Hsp22 interacted at the level of dimers with Hsp27, a related sHSP, as was shown by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. In cytosolic extracts of MCF-7 cells, most of the E2- and Cd-induced Hsp22 was incorporated into high-molecular mass complexes. In part, Hsp22 and Hsp27 were components of distinct populations of these complexes. Finally, candidate elements in the Hsp22 promoter were identified by sequence analysis that could account for the induction of Hsp22 by E2 and Cd. Taken together, Hsp22 induction represents a new aspect of the estrogenic response with potential significance for the biology of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Sun
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 3065 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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