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Cumella J, Hernández-Folgado L, Girón R, Sánchez E, Morales P, Hurst DP, Gómez-Cañas M, Gómez-Ruiz M, Pinto DCGA, Goya P, Reggio PH, Martin MI, Fernández-Ruiz J, Silva AMS, Jagerovic N. Chromenopyrazoles: non-psychoactive and selective CB₁ cannabinoid agonists with peripheral antinociceptive properties. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:452-63. [PMID: 22302767 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The unwanted psychoactive effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists have limited their development as medicines. These CB₁-mediated side effects are due to the fact that CB₁ receptors are largely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). As it is known that CB₁ receptors are also located peripherally, there is growing interest in targeting cannabinoid receptors located outside the brain. A library of chromenopyrazoles designed analogously to the classical cannabinoid cannabinol were synthesized, characterized, and tested for cannabinoid activity. Radioligand binding assays were used to determine their affinities at CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. Structural features required for CB₁/CB₂ affinity and selectivity were explored by molecular modeling. Some compounds in the chromenopyrazole series were observed to be selective CB₁ ligands. These modeling studies suggest that full CB₁ selectivity over CB₂ can be explained by the presence of a pyrazole ring in the structure. The functional activities of selected chromenopyrazoles were evaluated in isolated tissues. In vivo behavioral tests were then carried out on the most effective CB₁ cannabinoid agonist, 13 a. Chromenopyrazole 13 a did not induce modifications in any of the tested parameters on the mouse cannabinoid tetrad, thus discounting CNS-mediated effects. This lack of agonistic activity in the CNS suggests that this compound does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, 13 a can induce antinociception in a rat peripheral model of orofacial pain. Taking into account the negative results obtained with the hot-plate test, the antinociception induced by 13 a in the orofacial test could be mediated through peripheral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Pérez-Fernández R, Fresno N, Macías-González M, Elguero J, Decara J, Girón R, Rodríguez-Álvarez A, Martín MI, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Goya P. Discovery of Potent Dual PPARα Agonists/CB1 Ligands. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:793-7. [PMID: 24936232 DOI: 10.1021/ml200091q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter describes the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of dual ligands targeting the cannabinoid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). These compounds were obtained from fusing the pharmacophores of fibrates and the diarylpyrazole rimonabant, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist. They are the first examples of dual compounds with nanomolar affinity for both PPARα and cannabinoid receptors. Besides, lead compound 2 proved to be CB1 selective. Unexpectedly, the phenol intermediates tested were equipotent (compound 1 as compared to 2) or even more potent (compound 3 as compared with 4). This discovery opens the way to design new dual ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pérez-Fernández
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Fresno
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Servicio de Endocrinología Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria (Fundación IMABIS), Málaga, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CB06/03, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Fundación Hospital Carlos Haya, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas S/N, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas S/N, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas S/N, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Fundación Hospital Carlos Haya, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Goya
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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