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Wu CY, Guo YY, Ma ZY, Zhou J, Long F, Shen H, Xu JD, Zhou SS, Huo JG, Hu CH, Li SL. Rationality of the ethanol precipitation process in modern preparation production of Zishui-Qinggan decoction evaluated by integrating UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based chemical profiling/serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:733-753. [PMID: 38219286 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zishui-Qinggan decoction (ZQD) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) for alleviating menopausal symptoms (MPS) induced by endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients. In the production of TCMF modern preparations, ethanol precipitation (EP) is a commonly but not fully verified refining process. OBJECTIVES Chemical profiling/serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology approaches were integrated for exploring the rationality of the EP process in the production of ZQD modern preparations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to identify the chemical profiles and absorbed components of ZQD. Network pharmacology was used to identify targets and pathways related to MPS-relieving efficacy. RESULTS The chemicals of ZQDs without/with EP process (referred to as ZQD-W and ZQD-W-P, respectively) were qualitatively similar with 89 and 87 components identified, respectively, but their relative contents were different; 51 components were detectable in the serum of rats orally administered with ZQD-W, whereas only 19 were detected in that administered with ZQD-W-P. Key targets, such as AKT1, and pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, affected by ZQD-W and ZQD-W-P were similar, while the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway among others and the MAPK signalling pathway among others were specific pathways affected by ZQD-W and ZQD-W-P, respectively. The specifically absorbed components of ZQD-W could combine its specific key targets. CONCLUSION The EP process quantitatively altered the chemical profiles of ZQD, subsequently affected the absorbed components of ZQD, and then affected the key targets and pathways of ZQD for relieving MPS. The EP process might result in variation of the MPS-relieving efficacy of ZQD, which deserves further in vivo verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Ge Huo
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Can-Hong Hu
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Azene ZN, Davis SR, McNeil JJ, Tonkin AM, Handelsman DJ, Islam RM. Estrone, sex hormone binding globulin and lipid profiles in older women: an observational study. Climacteric 2023; 26:114-120. [PMID: 36693423 PMCID: PMC10033393 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2165908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether estrone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations are associated with lipid concentrations in older postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 6358 Australian women, aged 70-95 years, recruited between 2010 and 2014. Associations between estrone and SHBG and lipid concentrations were examined in participants not using medications that influence estrogen concentrations or lipid-lowering therapy. Linear regression models included age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, renal function and diabetes, with the lowest quartile (Q1) as the reference for estrone and SHBG. RESULTS The study included 3231 participants with median age of 74.0 (interquartile range 71.7-77.9) years. Estrone concentration Q3 and Q4 were positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.017 and p = 0.046, respectively). Inverse associations were seen for estrone Q4 with total cholesterol (p = 0.018), Q2 and Q4 with non-HDL-C (p = 0.045 and p = 0.002, respectively) and Q3 and Q4 with triglycerides (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001, respectively). For SHBG, Q2, Q3 and Q4 were positively associated with HDL-C (all p < 0.001), and inversely with non-HDL-C (all p = 0.001) and triglycerides (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Estrone and SHBG are associated with lipid concentrations in older women. SHBG, but not estrone, may provide additional clinical predictive utility for the assessment of cardiometabolic disease risk in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z N Azene
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - S R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A M Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Islam
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chadha S, Behl T, Kumar A, Khullar G, Arora S. Role of Nrf2 in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xu B, Chen Y, Xiong J, Lu N, Tan X. Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Hypertension, Diabetes and LQTc in Chinese Women. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42803. [PMID: 28211485 PMCID: PMC5314360 DOI: 10.1038/srep42803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of female reproductive factors (FRFs) with cardiovascular risk factors among different population was variable and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine the association between FRFs and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and long heart-rate-corrected QT interval (LQTc) in Chinese post-menopausal women (Post-MW). A total of 8046 Post-MW from the China Chaoshan Biobank Cohort Study were included for analysis. Logistic regression and general linear regression models were used to estimate the association between FRFs and hypertension, DM, and LQTc. Compared with women with 0 or 1 live birth, increasing risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.96), DM (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.22), and LQTc (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.09) were observed in women who had five or more live births. Further analysis demonstrated that the association between parity and hypertension, DM, and LQTc was mediated by lifestyle and dyslipidemia. Women with more live births had increased body mass index and waist circumstance, and were inclined to consume more salty food, animal fat, and alcohol, but less meat, vegetable, fish, plant oil, and tea, compared with that had fewer live births (all P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
Systemic inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases are associated with a significantly increased rate of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Several mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis have been proposed, including abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles, oxidative stress, enhanced apoptosis, thrombophilia, immune complexes and increased mononuclear cell infiltration of atherosclerotic lesions, local generation of cytokines and female estrogen deficiency. However, the widely shared enthusiasm about the cardioprotective potential of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens, has come to an abrupt halt since very recent randomized trials failed to show a cardiovascular risk reduction in postmenopausal women. Several factors might play a role in these discrepancies, in particular, parts of the striking discrepancy between observational and randomized data have been attributed to an estrogen-mediated adverse effect on inflammation (enhancement, possibly dose-related). In fact, estrogens potentially increase the inflammatory/immune response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. New roles for estrogen peripheral metabolites (hydroxylated) and their increased formation in inflammatory sites, might partially introduce some explanations for several apparently contrasting evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cutolo
- Research Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy.
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Sciomer S, De Carlo C, Moscucci F, Maffei S. Age at menopause: A fundamental data of interest to acquire in female patients' anamnesis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:358-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu X, Guo C, Ma X, Tian R, Zhang Y, Yin H. Relationship between serum estrogen levels and blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:25-30. [PMID: 25878609 PMCID: PMC4386152 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the difference of serum estrogen, serum lipids and inflammatory factors levels in postmenopausal women with coronary heart blood stasis syndrome and non-blood stasis syndrome. METHODS Twenty five healthy postmenopausal women were selected as a healthy control group who were compared with 43 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD) first visiting a doctor for the CHD. Among the postmenopausal women with CHD, There were 23 patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) and 20 patients with non-blood stasis syndrome (NBSS). The levels of plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) were determined in blood samples taken after patients' admission in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. The serum estradiol(E2) was measured by electrochemiluminescence assay and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) was measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of TG and TC, sICAM-1 in coronary heart disease group were all significantly increased (P<0.05),but serum E2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of E2 of patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) were decreased further (P>0.05), and there was an increasing trend of serum sICAM-1 levels (P>0.05). There were negative significant correlations between serum E2 levels and TC, sICAM-1 levels in patient with coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION The estrogen level of menopausal women with coronary heart disease is lower than healthy menopausal women. With the low estrogen levels, postmenopausal women tend to have high levels of blood lipids and sICAM-1, which elucidates that the estrogen could regulate lipids and attenuate inflammatory response to play a protective role on blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Xin Liu, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing (100700), China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Chunyu Guo, Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital,Beijing (100091), China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Xiaojuan Ma, Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital,Beijing (100091), China
| | - Rui Tian
- Rui Tian, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing (100029), China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Ying Zhang, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing (100700), China
| | - Huijun Yin
- Huijun Yin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing (100700), China
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Kurata A, Kawakami T, Sato J, Sakamoto A, Muramatsu T, Nakabayashi K. Aortic aneurysms in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of 35 cases in the literature and two different pathogeneses. Cardiovasc Pathol 2011; 20:e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Heeren MV, De Sousa LE, Mostarda C, Moreira E, Machert H, Rigatto KV, Wichi RB, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Exercise improves cardiovascular control in a model of dislipidemia and menopause. Maturitas 2009; 62:200-4. [PMID: 19181466 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise training on arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, cardiovascular autonomic control and metabolic parameters on female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Mice were divided into two groups: sedentary and trained. Trained group was submitted to an exercise training protocol. Blood cholesterol was measured. Arterial pressure (AP) signals were directly recorded in conscious mice. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by tachycardic and bradycardic responses to AP changes. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was measured in frequency (FFT) and time domains. Maximal exercise capacity was increased in trained as compared to sedentary group. Blood cholesterol was diminished in trained mice (191+/-8mg/dL) when compared to sedentary mice (250+/-9mg/dL, p<0.05). Mean AP and HR were reduced in trained group (101+/-3mmHg and 535+/-14bpm, p<0.05) when compared with sedentary group (125+/-3mmHg and 600+/-12bpm). Exercise training induced improvement in bradycardic reflex response in trained animals (-4.24+/-0.62bpm/mmHg) in relation to sedentary animals (-1.49+/-0.15bpm/mmHg, p<0.01); tachycardic reflex responses were similar between studied groups. Exercise training increased the variance (34+/-8 vs. 6.6+/-1.5ms(2) in sedentary, p<0.005) and the high-frequency band (HF) of the pulse interval (IP) (53+/-7% vs. 26+/-6% in sedentary, p<0.01). It is tempting to speculate that results of this experimental study might represent a rationale for this non-pharmacological intervention in the management of cardiovascular risk factors in dyslipidemic post-menopause women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Velloso Heeren
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546, Sao Paulo - São Paulo 03166-000, Brazil
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Montecucco F, Mach F. Common inflammatory mediators orchestrate pathophysiological processes in rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 48:11-22. [PMID: 18927189 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RA is characterized by a systemic inflammatory state, in which immune cells and soluble mediators play a crucial role. These inflammatory processes resemble those in other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The chronic systemic inflammation in RA can be considered as an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and represents an important field to investigate the reasons of the increase of acute cardiovascular events in RA. In the present review, we focused on several mediators of autoimmunity, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which can be considered the most promising targets to prevent atherogenesis in RA. Among several mediators, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha has been shown as a crucial factor to induce atherosclerosis in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Foundation for Medical Researches, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
One of the major social issues nowadays is the aging society. Korea is already an aging society, and 63 cities and districts are ultra-aged societies where the rate of people older than 65 yr exceeds 20%. Among them, more than 67% are women. These statistics reveal the importance of healthcare for older women. Disease and disability of older women are very closely related to the loss of female sex hormones after menopause. Major hormone-dependent aging problems in women such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), urinary incontinence, and coronary atherosclerosis were surveyed in this review, and the key role of hormones in those diseases and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were summarized. We expect that this review would provide some understanding of factors that must be considered to give optimal care to older women for healthy lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hwa Jung
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Jae Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fu CH, Yang CCH, Lin CL, Kuo TBJ. Effects of long-term vegetarian diets on cardiovascular autonomic functions in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:380-3. [PMID: 16442400 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. We hypothesized that long-term vegetarian diets might modulate cardiovascular autonomic functions measured by frequency-domain techniques in healthy postmenopausal women. A total of 35 healthy vegetarians (mean age +/- SEM 55.0 +/- 1.3 years) who had been vegetarians for > or =2 years and 35 omnivores (55.1 +/- 1.4 years) participated in this study. These subjects were all postmenopausal without hormone replacement therapy. Fluctuations in arterial blood pressure and heart rate variability were diffracted into low-frequency (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) segments. Cardiovascular autonomic functions and baroreflex sensitivity were evaluated by specific frequency-domain measures. The vegetarians had statistically lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, and hemoglobin levels compared with the nonvegetarians. They also exhibited a significantly higher high-frequency power of heart rate variability and increased baroreflex sensitivity than did omnivores. No statistical differences were found in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio or percentage of low frequency of heart rate variability between the 2 groups. In conclusion, in addition to the lower blood pressure and lipid concentrations in vegetarians, long-term vegetarian diets may facilitate vagal regulation of the heart and increase baroreflex sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women, without increasing the sympathetic modulations of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hua Fu
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Specific Medical Considerations. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rotem M, Kushnir T, Levine R, Ehrenfeld M. A Psycho-Educational Program for Improving Women’s Attitudes and Coping With Menopause Symptoms. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005; 34:233-40. [PMID: 15781600 DOI: 10.1177/0884217504274417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of participation in a psycho-educational program on women's attitudes toward menopause, the perceived severity of their symptoms, and the association between the two. DESIGN Quasi-experimental. Data were gathered at baseline and 3 months after termination of the program. SETTING Two health maintenance organization clinics. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two healthy 40- to 60-year-old women who chose to participate in the study. Thirty-six women participated in the program, and 46 women comprised the control group. INTERVENTION Program participants met for 10 weekly sessions to receive information from a professional team on subjects related to menopause and to share and discuss their experiences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Attitudes toward menopause and severity of menopause symptoms. RESULTS The more negative the attitudes, the higher was the severity of symptoms. Participants reported significant improvements in attitudes and reductions in symptom severity compared to their own baseline scores and compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Participation in a program that combines delivery of information and processing of experiences on the cognitive, emotional, and social levels may improve women's attitudes toward menopause and ease the perceived severity of their symptoms, thereby increasing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rotem
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39049, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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