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Zheng X, Li S, Zhang W, Zang Z, Hu J, Yang H. Current biomarkers of invasive sporadic pituitary adenomas. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:658-667. [PMID: 27659267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Though pituitary adenomas (PA) are considered benign, some of them exhibit invasive behaviors such as recurrence and low rate of total surgical resection. Reliable prognostic biomarkers for invasive PA are highly desired; however they remain to be identified. In this review, we summarize the current controversial findings of biomarkers for invasive sporadic PA, and we discuss the possible reasons for the controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenle Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
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Grizzi F, Di Ieva A, Di Biccari S, Ceva-Grimaldi G, Colombo P, Tschabitscher M. Sperm Protein 17: Is It a Useful Target Antigen in Human Pituitary Adenomas? PROCEDIA IN VACCINOLOGY 2012; 6:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Tenore A, Driul D. Genomics in pediatric endocrinology-genetic disorders and new techniques. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011; 58:1061-81, ix. [PMID: 21981949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been remarkable advances in the development of new and more sophisticated genetic techniques. These have allowed a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genetically determined pediatric endocrine disorders and are paving the way for a radical change in diagnosis and treatment. This article introduces some of these concepts and some of the genetic techniques being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Tenore
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics DPMSC, University of Udine School of Medicine, Padiglione Petracco, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Ibarz A, Costa R, Harrison AP, Power DM. Dietary keto-acid feed-back on pituitary activity in gilthead sea bream: effects of oral doses of AKG. A proteomic approach. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 169:284-92. [PMID: 20851121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of a daily oral dose of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG, 0.1 g/kg body weight), an intermediate metabolite in the Krebs cycle and a dietary additive, on the pituitary proteome of gilthead sea bream was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). A high-resolution map of the sea bream pituitary proteome was generated. Proteins with a modified expression between Controls and AKG treated fish were further analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and liquid chromatography combined with a nanoelectrospray (LC-MS/MS). The main changes in the proteome induced by AKG treatment were grouped. Metabolic proteins up-regulated with AKG supplementation included fructose-bis-phosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, all related to glucose metabolism (p<0.000). Protein folding related up-regulation with AKG supplementation included two isoforms of heat shock proteins as well as cyclophylin and chaperonin (p<0.000). An unexpected form of apolipoprotein-A-1 with lower molecular weight (15-16 kDa) was evidenced as being highly abundant in the pituitary proteome of Controls, yet it was down-regulated by AKG treatment. Finally, proteins found to be associated with regeneration of neural function namely cofilin and Vat-protein were up-regulated after AKG supplementation. The only hormone to be modified by AKG treatment was somatolactin, which was significantly down-regulated cf. Controls. In summary, these results provide evidence of a potential endocrine/metabolic regulatory loop activated by AKG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ibarz
- Xarxa de Referència i Recerca en Aqüicultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Dept. Fisiologia (Biologia), Univ Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Tenore A, Driul D. Genomics in pediatric endocrinology--genetic disorders and new techniques. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2009; 38:471-90. [PMID: 19717000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been remarkable advances in the development of new and more sophisticated genetic techniques. These have allowed a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genetically determined pediatric endocrine disorders and are paving the way for a radical change in diagnosis and treatment. This article introduces some of these concepts and some of the genetic techniques being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Tenore
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics DPMSC, University of Udine School of Medicine, Padiglione Petracco, Piazzale S.M. della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Davis SW, Potok MA, Brinkmeier ML, Carninci P, Lyons RH, MacDonald JW, Fleming MT, Mortensen AH, Egashira N, Ghosh D, Steel KP, Osamura RY, Hayashizaki Y, Camper SA. Genetics, gene expression and bioinformatics of the pituitary gland. HORMONE RESEARCH 2009; 71 Suppl 2:101-15. [PMID: 19407506 PMCID: PMC3140954 DOI: 10.1159/000192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic cases of congenital pituitary hormone deficiency are common and many are caused by transcription factor defects. Mouse models with orthologous mutations are invaluable for uncovering the molecular mechanisms that lead to problems in organ development and typical patient characteristics. We are using mutant mice defective in the transcription factors PROP1 and POU1F1 for gene expression profiling to identify target genes for these critical transcription factors and candidates for cases of pituitary hormone deficiency of unknown aetiology. These studies reveal critical roles for Wnt signalling pathways, including the TCF/LEF transcription factors and interacting proteins of the groucho family, bone morphogenetic protein antagonists and targets of notch signalling. Current studies are investigating the roles of novel homeobox genes and pathways that regulate the transition from proliferation to differentiation, cell adhesion and cell migration. Pituitary adenomas are a common human health problem, yet most cases are sporadic, necessitating alternative approaches to traditional Mendelian genetic studies. Mouse models of adenoma formation offer the opportunity for gene expression profiling during progressive stages of hyperplasia, adenoma and tumorigenesis. This approach holds promise for the identification of relevant pathways and candidate genes as risk factors for adenoma formation, understanding mechanisms of progression, and identifying drug targets and clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piero Carninci
- Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama
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Brinkmeier ML, Davis SW, Carninci P, MacDonald JW, Kawai J, Ghosh D, Hayashizaki Y, Lyons RH, Camper SA. Discovery of transcriptional regulators and signaling pathways in the developing pituitary gland by bioinformatic and genomic approaches. Genomics 2009; 93:449-60. [PMID: 19121383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a catalog of the mouse embryonic pituitary gland transcriptome consisting of five cDNA libraries including wild type tissue from E12.5 and E14.5, Prop1(df/df) mutant at E14.5, and two cDNA subtractions: E14.5 WT-E14.5 Prop1(df/df) and E14.5 WT-E12.5 WT. DNA sequence information is assembled into a searchable database with gene ontology terms representing 12,009 expressed genes. We validated coverage of the libraries by detecting most known homeobox gene transcription factor cDNAs. A total of 45 homeobox genes were detected as part of the pituitary transcriptome, representing most expected ones, which validated library coverage, and many novel ones, underscoring the utility of this resource as a discovery tool. We took a similar approach for signaling-pathway members with novel pituitary expression and found 157 genes related to the BMP, FGF, WNT, SHH and NOTCH pathways. These genes are exciting candidates for regulators of pituitary development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
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Boikos SA, Stratakis CA. Molecular genetics of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway and of sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16 Spec No 1:R80-7. [PMID: 17613552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumors are among the most common human neoplasms. Although these common lesions rarely become clinically manifest and they are almost never malignant, they are the cause of significant morbidity in affected patients. The genetic causes of common pituitary tumors remain for the most part unknown; progress has been limited to the elucidation of the molecular etiology of four genetic syndromes predisposing to pituitary neoplasias: McCune-Albright syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex and, most recently, familial acromegaly and prolactinomas and other tumors caused by mutations in the GNAS, menin, PRKAR1A, AIP, and p27 (CDKN1B) genes, respectively. Intense molecular studies of sporadic pituitary tumors from patients with negative family histories and no other neoplasms have yielded interesting findings with abnormalities in growth factor expression and cell cycle control dysregulation. To add to the difficulties in understanding pituitary tumorigenesis in man, good murine models of these neoplasms simply do not exist: pituitary tumors are common in rodents, but their histologic origin (mostly from the intermediate lobe), age of presentation (late in murine life) and clinical course make them hardly models of their human counterparts. The present report reviews the clinical and molecular genetics of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway in human pituitary tumors; it also reviews briefly other pathways that have been involved in sporadic pituitary neoplasms. At the end, we attempt a unifying hypothesis for pituitary tumorigenesis, taking into account data that are also discussed elsewhere in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosipatros A Boikos
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Developmental Endocrinology Branch (DEB), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
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Giorgi RR, Correa-Giannella MLC, Casarini APM, Machado MC, Bronstein MD, Cescato VA, Giannella-Neto D. Metallothionein isoform 3 gene is differentially expressed in corticotropin-producing pituitary adenomas. Neuroendocrinology 2005; 82:208-14. [PMID: 16601360 DOI: 10.1159/000092521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to search for candidate genes related to pituitary adenoma aggressiveness, the present investigation was intended to compare the mRNA expression profile from a pool of four nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFPA) with a spinal cord metastasis of a nonfunctional pituitary carcinoma (MNFPC). The metallothionein isoform 3 (MT3) gene was differentially expressed in nonfunctional adenomas in comparison to the metastasis of nonfunctional carcinoma. A microarray dataset comprising 19,881 probes was employed for comparing expression profiles of a spinal cord metastasis of a nonfunctional pituitary carcinoma with a pool of four nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. RT-qPCR confirmed the microarray findings and was used to investigate MT3 mRNA gene expression in tumor samples of a series of 52 different pituitary adenoma subtypes comprising 10 corticotropin (ACTH)-producing, 18 growth hormone (GH)-producing, 8 prolactin (PRL)-producing, and 16 nonfunctional adenomas. Microarray data analysis by GeneSifter program unveiled Gene Ontology terms related to zinc ion-binding activity closely related to MT3 function. MT3 mRNA expression was statistically significantly higher in ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas and in nonfunctional pituitary adenomas in comparison to the other pituitary adenoma subtypes. The more abundant expression of this gene in ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas suggests that MT3 could be related to distinct pituitary cell lineage regulating the activity of some transcription factor of importance in hormone production and/or secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Giorgi
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology - LIM25, São Paulo, Brazil
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