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Stranix-Chibanda L, Mhembere T. Unrestricted access to tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir as pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis in community settings. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1494-e1495. [PMID: 37734786 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Stranix-Chibanda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Tsungai Mhembere
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Kakooza S, Munyiirwa D, Ssajjakambwe P, Kayaga E, Tayebwa DS, Ndoboli D, Basemera L, Nabatta E, Tumwebaze MA, Kaneene JB. Epidemiological Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- or AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Screened in Apparently Healthy Chickens in Uganda. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:3258059. [PMID: 34589246 PMCID: PMC8476277 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3258059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria (which are deadly groups of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria) have not been well understood in developing countries. This raises major concerns to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) control. We investigated the prevalence and factors linked to the fecal carriage of ESBL- or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-/AmpC-EC) in commercial chickens. Cloacal swabs from 400 birds were sampled and submitted to the Central Diagnostic Laboratory for ESBL-/AmpC-EC screening by culture methods using MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. Epidemiological data were collected using a structured questionnaire and plausible risk factor analyses prepared by R software using X 2 test and logistic regression modeling. Results showed that the prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-EC was 17.5%. Univariable screening hypothesized that carriage was probably influenced by a type of commercial chicken, geographical location, age group, flock size, and housing system (p < 0.05). Modeling exposed that broiler birds were at a higher risk of being ESBL-/AmpC-EC carriers (COR = 9.82, CI = 3.85-25.07). Birds from Wakiso Town Council (COR = 4.89, CI = 2.04-11.72) and flocks of 700-1200 birds were also at a higher risk of harboring ESBL-/AmpC-EC (COR = 2.41, CI = 1.11-5.23). Birds aged 4 months and below were more susceptible to ESBL-/AmpC-EC carriage compared with those aged 1 month and below being 6.33 times (CI = 1.65-24.35) likely to be carriers. The occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC-EC in flocks suggests possible treatment failures while managing colibacillosis. Consequently, injudicious antimicrobial use should be replaced with an accurate diagnosis by bacterial culture and sensitivity testing so as to circumvent AMR emergence, spread, and associated losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany, Kampala, Uganda
- Novel Minds Science Plexus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damien Munyiirwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Loreen Basemera
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Nabatta
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Baligwamunsi Kaneene
- Michigan State University, Center for Comparative Epidemiology, 736 Wilson Road, Room A-109, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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