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Wang H, Fu J, Wu X, Wang Y, Li W, Huang Y, Zhong J, Peng Z. Effects of Dietary Protein Level and Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Serum Indexes for Yaks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1751. [PMID: 38929369 PMCID: PMC11201000 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the dietary protein level and rumen-protected methionine and lysine (RPML) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum indexes of yaks. Thirty-six male yaks were randomly assigned to a two by three factorial experiment with two protein levels, 15.05% and 16.51%, and three RPML levels: 0% RPML; 0.05% RPMet and 0.15% RPLys; and 0.1% RPMet and 0.3% RPLys. The trial lasted for sixty days. The results showed that the low-protein diet increased the DMI and feed conversion ratio of yaks. The diet supplemented with RPML increased the activities of IGF1 and INS and nutrient digestibility. The high-protein diet decreased the rumen butyrate concentration and increased the rumen isovalerate concentration. The low-protein diet supplemented with RPML increased the rumen pH and the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, butyrate and NH3-N; the high-protein diet supplemented with a high level of RPML decreased the rumen pH and the concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, propionate and NH3-N. The low-protein diet supplemented with RPML increased the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity, along with the concentrations of malondialdehyde and amino acids such as aspartic acid, lysine, cysteine, etc. In conclusion, a low-protein diet supplemented with RPML is beneficial for rumen and body health, physiological response, and metabolic status in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanling Huang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.W.); (J.F.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongli Peng
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
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Selcuk B, Bilal Y, Bakir T, Ozkan CO. Effects of replacing of alfalfa hay with Plantago lanceolata hay on digestibility, methane production and microbial protein production of total mixed diet. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:158. [PMID: 38727851 PMCID: PMC11087300 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of current experiment was to determine the effect of replacement of alfalfa hay with ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) hay in ruminant diets on the fermentation parameters such as gas production, methane (CH4) production, true digestible dry matter (TDDM), true digestibility (TD), partitioning factor, microbial protein, and efficiency of microbial protein using in vitro gas production technique. The alfalfa hay was replaced with P. lanceolata hay in a diets isocaloric (2650 kcal/kg DM) and nitrogenic (17% CP kg DM) at the ratio of 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Partial substitution of alfalfa hay with P. lanceolata hay had no significant effect on gas and methane (ml/incubated substrate or %) production whereas the partial substitution had a significant effect on TDDM, TD, gas (ml/digested DM), CH4 (ml ml/digested DM) and microbial MP of diets. The replacement of alfalfa hay with ribwort plantain hay shifted the fermentation pattern from gas and methane production to microbial protein production. Therefore alfalfa hay can be replaced with ribwort plantain hay with high digestibility and anti-methanogenic potential in ruminant diets up to 15% to decrease methane production and improve microbial protein production. However further in vivo experiments are required to determine the effect of replacement on feed intake and animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Selcuk
- Department of Animal Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
| | - Yakup Bilal
- Department of Animal Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
| | - Tugba Bakir
- Department of Animal Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
| | - Cagri Ozgur Ozkan
- Department of Animal Science, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
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Doran MJ, Mulligan FJ, Lynch MB, Fahey AG, Markiewicz-Keszycka M, Rajauria G, Pierce KM. Effects of Protein Supplementation Strategy and Genotype on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency in Late-Lactation, Spring-Calving Grazing Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040570. [PMID: 36830357 PMCID: PMC9951762 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of (1) protein supplementation strategy, (2) cow genotype and (3) an interaction between protein supplementation strategy and cow genotype on milk production and nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (milk N output/ total dietary N intake × 100; NUE) in late-lactation, spring-calving grazing dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment, with two feeding strategies [13% (lower crude protein; LCP) and 18% CP (higher CP; HCP) supplements with equal metabolisable protein supply] offered at 3.6 kg dry matter/cow perday, and two cow genotype groups [lower milk genotype (LM) and higher milk genotype (HM)], was conducted over 53 days. Cows were offered 15 kg dry matter of grazed herbage/cow/day. Herbage intake was controlled using electric strip wires which allowed cows to graze their daily allocation-only. There was an interaction for herbage dry matter intake within cows offered HCP, where higher milk genotype (HM) cows had increased herbage dry matter intake (+0.58 kg) compared to lower milk genotype (LM) cows. Offering cows LCP decreased fat + protein yield (-110 g) compared to offering cows HCP. Offering cows LCP decreased the total feed N proportion that was recovered in the urine (-0.007 proportion units) and increased the total feed N proportion that was recovered in the faeces (+0.008 proportion units) compared to offering cows HCP. In conclusion, our study shows that reducing the supplementary CP concentration from 18% to 13% resulted in decreased milk production (-9.8%), reduced partitioning of total feed N to urine (-0.9%) and increased partitioning of total feed N to faeces (+14%) in late lactation, grazing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Doran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Finbar J. Mulligan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, DO4 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary B. Lynch
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
- Teagasc Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland
| | - Alan G. Fahey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
| | - Maria Markiewicz-Keszycka
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
| | - Karina M. Pierce
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Farm, W23 ENY2 Naas, Ireland
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Putri EM, Zain M, Warly L, Hermon H. Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on in vitro digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. Vet World 2021; 14:640-648. [PMID: 33935409 PMCID: PMC8076479 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.640-648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Feeding ruminants must notice the degradability of feed, especially protein. Microbial rumen requires ammonia from rumen degradable protein (RDP) beside that ruminant require bypass protein or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial crude protein. The aim of the study was to discover the best RDP:RUP ratio in beef cattle diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers using an in vitro methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, rice bran, and tofu waste were formulated into dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis). All experiments were carried out using a 3×3×2 factorial, randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three protein levels (12%, 14%, and 16%), two energy levels (65% and 70%), and three RDP:RUP ratio levels (55:45, 60:40, and 65:35). The experimental diets were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. After incubation, the supernatants were analyzed to determine pH, ammonia concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and microbial protein synthesis. The residues were analyzed to determine DM, organic matter, protein, and RUP digestibility. RESULTS Increased protein, energy, and RDP levels increased digestibility, ammonia concentrations, total VFAs, and microbial protein synthesis (p<0.05), while rations with 16% protein lowered these parameters (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Increased dietary protein (from 12% to 14% DM), energy (from 65% to 70% DM), and RDP (from 55% to 65% crude protein [CP]) levels increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. The diet containing 14% DM dietary protein and 70% DM energy, which contained 55%, 60%, or 65% CP RDP optimally increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. Thus, feed based on these RDP:RUP ratios can optimize ruminant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezi Masdia Putri
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Zain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Lili Warly
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Hermon Hermon
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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Sitorski LG, Bauer ML, Swanson KC. Effect of metabolizable protein intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior in finishing steers. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 3:1173-1181. [PMID: 32704881 PMCID: PMC7200520 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One-hundred thirty-two finishing steers (300 ± 2.7 kg body weight [BW]) predominately of Angus, Simmental, and Shorthorn breeding were used to study the effect of metabolizable protein (MP) intake on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior. Steers were stratified by initial BW across five pens and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to supply an average of 626, 906, 1,209, and 1,444 g MP/d (n = 33 per treatment). Feed intake and feeding behavior were measured using radio frequency identification tags and the Insentec feeding system. For feeding behavior, a visit was defined as each time the Insentec system detected a steer at the feed bunk. A meal was defined as eating periods by intervals no longer than 7 min. Steers were fed until they reached an average BW of 598 ± 3.1 kg. Average daily gain (ADG) responded quadratically (P < 0.01) with ADG increasing in steers fed 906 g MP/d and plateauing thereafter. Dry-matter intake (DMI; kg) responded quadratically (P = 0.009) with DMI increasing with MP intake up to 1,209 g/d MP and decreasing thereafter. Gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly (P = 0.04) and tended (P = 0.10) to respond quadratically, as G:F increased up to 906 g MP/d and plateaued thereafter. A quadratic response (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) was observed for marbling score and 12th rib subcutaneous fat thickness with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest marbling score and back fat thickness. A quadratic effect for visits and meals per day was observed (P < 0.01) with steers fed the 1,209 g MP/d treatment having the least visits and meals per day. In addition, time eating per visit responded quadratically (P = 0.05) with time increasing from 626 to 906 g MP/d. There was a linear increase (P ≤ 0.02) in time eating per meal and per day with increasing MP intake. A quadratic effect (P < 0.03) was observed for DMI per visit, meal, and minute with steers fed 1,209 g MP/d having the greatest DMI. In summary, steers fed 626 g MP/d had increased visits and meals per day. However, DMI per visit, meal, and minute were greater in steers fed 1,209 g MP/d. A day × treatment interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for plasma urea N as concentrations increased to a greater extent over time in the higher MP treatments than in the lower MP treatments. These data indicate that MP supply (from deficient to excess) influences growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior of finishing steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc L Bauer
- Animal Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Animal Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Influence of metabolizable protein and minerals supplementation on detrimental effects of endoparasitic nematodes infection in small ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2213-2219. [PMID: 32388661 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endoparasitic nematode infection could have negative impacts on performances of sheep and goats. However, supplementary protein and minerals can also affect nematodes. This paper reviews present information on the importance of protein and minerals supplementation as means to control nematode infection in small ruminants. Protein supplementation seems to improve host resilience by diverting metabolizable protein (MP) towards dealing with detrimental effects of the infection and thus improve production and reproductive performances of animal. A large body of evidence shows that supplementation of copper, iron, and zinc can also enhance host resistance against nematode infection as shown by decreased fecal egg count (FEC) and worm burdens. As such, protein and mineral supplementations can play a major role in sustainable control of parasitic nematode infection and thus reduce reliance on chemotherapic drugs.
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Prasetiyono BWHE, Subrata A, Widiyanto W. Effect of KOROPASS, an extruded jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)-derived supplement, on productivity and economic performance of beef cattle. Vet World 2020; 13:593-596. [PMID: 32367969 PMCID: PMC7183471 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.593-596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the effect of feeding a graded amount of extruded jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) on nutritional status, production performances, and economic performance of beef cattle. Materials and Methods: The supplement called “KOROPASS” was prepared from the extruded jack bean (according to the extrusion heating process). Sixteen male Friesian-Holstein crossbred cattle were divided into four groups and fed on KOROPASS as per the regimen: R0 (total mixed ration [TMR] without KOROPASS), R1 (TMR supplemented with 3% KOROPASS), R2 (TMR supplemented with 6% KOROPASS), and R3 (TMR supplemented with 9% KOROPASS). The in vivo experiment lasted 44 days. TMR contained 12% crude protein and 60% total digestible nutrient. The consumption and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and total protein (TP), feed efficiency, average daily gain, and income over feed cost (IOFC) were evaluated. Results: KOROPASS supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) beef cattle consumption of DM (from 7.83 [R0] to 8.33 [R1], 8.91 [R2], and 9.69 kg/day [R3]), OM (from 6.72 to 7.17, 7.69, and 8.38 kg/day, respectively), and TP (from 892 to 1020, 1182, and 1406 g/day, respectively). The elevated levels of KOROPASS significantly increased (p<0.05) digestibility in terms of the levels of DM (from 42.9 [R0] to 50.6 [R1], 58.0 [R2], and 63.6% [R3]), OM (from 54.3 to 59.6, 66.3, and 70.6%, respectively), and TP (from 65.0 to 67.1, 75.0, and 80.7%, respectively). Dietary supplementation of KOROPASS significantly increased (p<0.05) metabolizable protein, average daily weight gain, and feed efficiency of beef cattle. Finally, dietary KOROPASS supplementation, especially at 9%, resulted in the highest (p<0.05) IOFC value of beef cattle. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of KOROPASS improved feed utility, as reflected by the increase in consumption and digestibility of DM, OM, and TP. Further, KOROPASS supplementation improved feed efficiency, growth, and economic performance of beef cattle. The findings indicate the potential value of KOROPASS as a feed supplement for beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agung Subrata
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Widiyanto Widiyanto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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Miranda MS, Arcaro JRP, Saran Netto A, Silva SL, Pinheiro MG, Leme PR. Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with other protein sources in diets of lactating cows. Animal 2019; 13:1403-1411. [PMID: 30415645 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein nutrition of dairy cows is of great importance because of its direct influence on milk production, reproductive efficiency, and feeding cost. Eight first-lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two contemporary 4 × 4 Latin squares in a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with yeast-derived microbial protein (YMP) as a protein source (0% or 1.5% of dry matter (DM)) and its combination with slow-release urea (SRU; 0% or 0.75% of DM) on DM intake and milk production and composition, as well as blood parameters and nitrogen balance. Each experimental period lasted 28 days, with 21 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection. The diets were formulated to attend the nutritional recommendations of the National Research Council and consisted of 49% forage (47% corn silage and 2% Tifton hay) and 51% concentrate, with 16.8% CP and 1.6 Mcal net energy for lactation/kg DM. For diets without YMP, the inclusion of SRU decreased DM intake, milk production as well as N intake and balance, but did not affect efficiency of production, milk composition or most of blood parameters. On the contrary, for diets with YMP, DM intake and milk production were increased by inclusion of SRU, while minor effects were observed for milk efficiency and composition, blood parameters as well as N intake, excretion and balance. When diets with SRU were compared, the inclusion of YMP increased DM intake, 4% fat-corrected milk, and N intake and balance (P<0.05), with no differences in milk production (kg/day), milk energy, efficiency of milk production or most of the blood parameters. For diets without SRU, YMP inclusion decreased DM intake, milk production, milk energy, N intake, fecal N and N balance (P<0.05), with no effects on milk efficiency and composition, or most of blood parameters. In conclusion, the use of YMP, SRU or both as partial substitutes of soybean meal in the diet of lactating cows has no negative effects on productivity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Miranda
- 1Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos,Universidade de São Paulo,13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - J R P Arcaro
- 2Instituto de Zootecnia,13380011, Nova Odessa,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - A Saran Netto
- 1Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos,Universidade de São Paulo,13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - S L Silva
- 1Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos,Universidade de São Paulo,13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - M G Pinheiro
- 2Instituto de Zootecnia,13380011, Nova Odessa,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - P R Leme
- 1Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos,Universidade de São Paulo,13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo,Brazil
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Cherif M, Ben Salem H, Abidi S. Effect of the addition of Nigella sativa seeds to low or high concentrate diets on intake, digestion, blood metabolites, growth and carcass traits of Barbarine lamb. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jayanegara A, Novandri B, Yantina N, Ridla M. Use of black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens) to substitute soybean meal in ruminant diet: An in vitro rumen fermentation study. Vet World 2017; 10:1439-1446. [PMID: 29391684 PMCID: PMC5771168 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1439-1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This experiment aimed to evaluate substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal in a napier grass diet as performed by an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Materials and Methods: Samples of napier grass, SBM, and BSF larvae age 1 week (BSF1) and 2 weeks (BSF2) were arranged according to the following dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis): T1, 100% napier grass; T2, 60% napier grass + 40% SBM; T3, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF1; T4, 60% napier grass + 40% BSF2; T5, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF1; and T6, 60% napier grass + 20% SBM + 20% BSF2. The samples were determined for their chemical composition and were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. In vitro incubation was carried out in three runs and represented by two incubation bottles per run. Results: Supplementation of BSF, both BSF1 and BSF2, increased ether extract, neutral- and acid-detergent insoluble crude protein contents of T3-T6 diets. The T3 or T4 diet resulted in lower ruminal ammonia concentration, in vitro DM digestibility, and in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility as compared to those in T2 (p<0.05). Diet supplemented with BSF produced lower methane emission in comparison to that of supplemented with SBM (p<0.05). Diet containing BSF2 produced lower methane and methane per digestible OM than that containing BSF1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Substitution of SBM by BSF in ruminant diet results in a lower nutritional value in vitro but with an advantage of lowering ruminal methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Briliannanda Novandri
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nover Yantina
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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