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Chen Y, Zhu J, Wang S, Li M, Sun X, Liu S, Wang Y, Li R, Zhang G. Modular Nano-Antigen Display Platform for Pigs Induces Potent Immune Responses. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39387806 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent presentation of antigens using nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform is an effective strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines and thus induce a high level of organismal immune response. Our previous results showed that pre-existing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibodies could increase the antibody levels of nanoparticle vaccines carried in PCV2 VLPs. Here, we have established a generalized nanoantigen display platform, Cap-Cat virus-like particles (VLPs). By combining PCV2 VLPs with the modular linker element SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003 system, four porcine-derived viral protective antigens with different sizes and multimeric structures: the PRRSV B-cell epitope, the PEDV COE monomer, the CSFV E2 dimer, and the SIV HA trimer were efficiently demonstrated to elicit a strong immune response in mice. Crucially, the modification of antigens by the Cap-Cat VLPs platform enhanced the Th2 response and improved the Th1 response. The use of the platform demonstrates that HA antigen protects against lethal attacks by influenza viruses and reduces viral load in the lungs. We have demonstrated that the Cap-Cat VLPs platform demonstrates that antigens enhance the immune response by improving the processes of DC uptake, transport, lymph node (LN) localization, and immune cell activation. This "plug-and-display" assembly strategy facilitates the use of the Cap-Cat VLPs nanoantigen display platform for more applications and thus facilitates the development of more efficient, general-purpose porcine subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Jantafong T, Saenglub W, Chaisilp N, Paungpin W, Tibkwang T, Mutthi P, Bouma T, Lekcharoensuk P. Investigation of the distribution and origin of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in the swine production chain: A retrospective study of three farms in Thailand. Vet World 2024; 17:1722-1732. [PMID: 39328441 PMCID: PMC11422652 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1722-1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a global issue that affects Thai swine as well. In Thailand, PRRSV-2 predominates over PRRSV-1. The origin of PRRSV-1 transmission remains undiscovered. This study traced the source of infected pigs responsible for disease transmission among three pig-fattening farms and analyzed the spread of PRRSV-1. Materials and Methods A total of 696 swine samples from breeding and pig-fattening farms in Thailand were screened for PRRSV using open reading frames (ORF7) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive samples were identified as PRRSV-1 using ORF5 RT-PCR. The analysis included the study of nucleotide homology, GP5 amino acid sequences, and N-linked glycosylation patterns to assess the spread of PRRSV-1 across these farms. Results Genetic examination identified 28 PRRSV-1-positive samples, of which 13 were chosen as representatives. These strains were categorized into three groups based on breeding farm pig houses and showed distinct distribution patterns across pig-fattening farms. Group 1 included piglets transferred from pig house A to Nakhon Pathom, Chonburi, and Sa Kaeo. Groups 2 and 3 showed transfers from pig houses F and H to Chonburi and Sa Kaeo farms. All 13 PRRSV-1 strains were categorized into PRRSV-1 subtype 1/clade H. N-linked glycosylation analysis revealed that nearly all PRRSV-1 strains exhibited a conserved glycosylation pattern at amino acid positions N37, N46, and N53. This pattern is consistent with the glycosylation profile of the previous Thai PRRSV-1 subtype 1/clade H. Conclusion The present study highlights the persistent presence of PRRSV-1 in Thai swine, which leads to sporadic outbreaks. The molecular genetic analysis identified three primary strain groups dispersed throughout the pig production system, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring for new PRRSV strains in this herd. Understanding the PRRSV-1 distribution in swine farms is vital for veterinarians. This knowledge supports strategies for eradicating the virus and managing swine health effectively in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tippawan Jantafong
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Wimontiane Saenglub
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nattarun Chaisilp
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Thatsanee Tibkwang
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pattama Mutthi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Teerawin Bouma
- Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50th Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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KAWLNI LALLIANPUII, DUTTA TK, ROYCHUDHURY P, SEN ARNAB, BARMAN NN, SUBUDHI PK, RALTE ESTHERLALZOLIANI. Molecular detection and seroprevalence of classical swine fever virus from 2016 to 2018 in pigs of Mizoram, India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i12.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a fatal endemic disease of pig population of North eastern India in particular and India in general. Present study revealed molecular detection of CSFV and seroprevalence of the disease in pig population of Mizoram, India during 2016–2018. Serum samples from apparently healthy, unvaccinated pigs were collected in collaboration with the State Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Mizoram and a total of 594 serum samples from 7 districts were subjected to detection of CSFV specific antibodies by indirect ELISA. A total of 206 (34.68%) serum samples were positive for CSFV antibodies by ELISA. District wise, Saiha district showed highest seroprevalence of the disease followed by Kolasib and Serchhip. Apart from this, during the same time period, CSFV suspected samples received in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology consisting of 269 serum samples, 10 whole blood and 83 tissue samples obtained from 8 districts of Mizoram were subjected to detection of NS5b and E2 mRNA transcripts by nRT-PCR of which a total of 42 (11.60%) samples including serum (5.58%), tissues (27.71%) and whole blood (40%) were positive for the NS5b and E2 mRNA transcripts, specific for CSFV. District wise analysis revealed that Aizawl has the highest percentage of positive samples of CSFV followed by Saiha and Lawngtlai district.
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Patil SS, Suresh KP, Hemadri D, Hiremath J, Sridevi R, Krishnamoorthy P, Bhatia S, Roy P. Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:389. [PMID: 34219195 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious dreadful disease of pigs leading to 100% mortality in acute form in susceptible population thereby causing huge economic loss to pig farmers. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of CSF at national level. A two-stage random sampling methodology was adopted that included 271 villages from 115 districts of India. A total of 5848 pig serum samples from twenty-five states and one Union Territory of India were collected during 2018-2019. A percent positivity of 38.52 was found at national level. Puducherry and Sikkim showed the highest and lowest percent positivity respectively. Pigs from the west zone showed the highest seroprevalence of 55.83% and those from the south zone showed the lowest of 30.25%. Adult pigs in the north and east zones showed highest percent positivity of 81.8, whereas pigs of more than 3 years of age showed highest percent positivity of 54.9, 75 and 62.5 in the north east, west and central zones respectively. Young ones showed percent positivity of 41.5 in the south zone. Higher rainfall (> 3 mm/day) and lower temperature (< 26 °C) favoured the existence of disease in the north east region combined with high density of pig population. Amidst no fool proof alert system, seroprevalence is the best method to assess the status of CSF in herd/population that provides the policymakers to plan for control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajangam Sridevi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paramanadham Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
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Seroprevalence of the viral pig diseases among backyard pigs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Prev Vet Med 2021; 190:105330. [PMID: 33774502 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Participatory One-Health Disease Detection project (PODD) (www.cmonehealth.org) developed a health-based surveillance system with the local government of Chiang Mai community ownership that has been created a mobile application on smartphone for reporting an abnormal event, especially animal health. Previously, the PODD project has obtained a significant number of pig abnormal events. Therefore, there are likely to be some diseases that are currently circulating among backyard pigs. A cross-sectional serological study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for virus infection and prevalence of antibodies against the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and influenza A virus (IAV) among backyard pigs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Antibodies against the CSFV, PRRSV and PCV2 in backyard pigs were shown in swine level to be 14 % (95 % CI: 9-20), 14 % (95 % CI: 10-19), and 15 % (95 % CI: 8-23), respectively. For the household level, antibodies against the CSFV, PRRSV and PCV2 were found to be 23 % (95 % CI: 13-37), 22 % (95 % CI: 14-23), and 48 % (95 % CI: 32-63), respectively, while antibodies against IAV were shown to be absent. The use of artificial insemination for breeding purposes has been considered to be a significant risk factor associated with PRRSV (OR = 21.08, 95 % CI: 1.92-232.02) and CSFV (OR = 7.7, 95 % CI: 1.49-39.90) infections. Meanwhile, a risk factor for PCV2 infection was found to significantly involve the feeding of pigs with commercial feed (OR = 9.64, 95 % CI: 1.85-50.26). The findings of this study indicate that infections with CSFV, PRRSV, and PCV2 remain a significant concern and may have an impact on the growth performance of the backyard pigs. The lack of antibodies against the influenza A virus has indicated a low degree of interspecies transmission of influenza A among backyard pigs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Effective control measures need to be prepared and implemented, and these should include the strict regulation of pig imports as a free source of the viruses along with effective animal quarantine, policies, and appropriate vaccination programs.
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Deka D, Barman NN, Deka N, Batth BK, Singh G, Singh S, Agrawal RK, Mukhopadhyay CS, Ramneek. Sero-epidemiology of porcine parvovirus, circovirus, and classical swine fever virus infections in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:180. [PMID: 33624145 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive problems in swine caused by porcine viruses pose a serious threat to the pig industry in developing countries like India. For evaluating the true extent of porcine infections, a total of 1308 representative sera samples were collected from 92 different pig farms covering 8 North-Eastern states and Punjab state of Northern India during a period of 2 years (2011-2013). Sera samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In the North-Eastern states, the seroprevalence of CSFV in non-vaccinated animals was 6.30% and that of PCV2 and PPV was 6.28% and 1.24%, respectively. In Punjab, the seroprevalence of CSFV in non-vaccinated animals was 44.44% and seroprevalence of PCV-2 and PPV was 34.07% and 39.10%, respectively. Detection of antibodies against more than one virus revealed that 4.66% animals had co-infection with PCV-2 and PPV, 1.75% with CSF and PPV, 1.98% with CSF and PCV-2, and 1.75% with all the three viruses. The receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis depicted that piglet mortality, parvovirus, and CSFV were the most important parameters with an AUC value of 0.997, 0.897, and 0.973, respectively. Incidence of single or co-infection with different viruses showed that the occurrence of single infection was significantly more prevalent than co-infection. This study provides useful information to set up future epidemiologic, flock management, and public animal health policies for the prevention and control of PCV-2, PPV, and CSF in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Deka
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nipu Deka
- ICAR-AICRP on pig, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | - Sarabjot Singh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ravi Kant Agrawal
- Livestock Products Technology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Barielly, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramneek
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Klangprapan S, Choke-Arpornchai B, Lieberzeit PA, Choowongkomon K. Sensing the classical swine fever virus with molecularly imprinted polymer on quartz crystal microbalance. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04137. [PMID: 32548329 PMCID: PMC7284075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease in pigs caused by the virus of the same name (classical swine fever virus – CSFV). Economical reasons dictate the need for rapid early detection of this pathogen. Herein we report on a sensor for CSFV detection based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) making use of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the receptor. It relies on a copolymer comprising acrylamide (AAM), methacrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and n-vinylpyrrolidone (VP). SEM images of CSFV MIP reveal cavities on the polymer surface with an average diameter of d = 59 nm, which correlates well with the dimensions of CSFV particles. QCM sensor measurements yield concentration-dependent CSFV sensor responses resulting in LOD = 1.7 μg/mL, LOQ = 5.1 μg/mL and R2 = 0.9963. Furthermore, CSFV-MIP sensors selectively bind CSFV with selectivity factors of 2 over porcine respiratory and reproductive virus (PRRSV) and 62 over pseudorabies virus (PRV), respectively. Finally, sensor responses turned out fully reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Klangprapan
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Choke-Arpornchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42 A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rajesh JB, Rajkhowa S, Dimri U, Prasad H, Mohan NH, Hmar L, Sarma K, Chethan GE, Behera P, Jaganmohanarao G, Behera S, Zosangpuii. Haemato-biochemical alterations and oxidative stress associated with naturally occurring porcine circovirus2 infection in pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2243-2250. [PMID: 32125595 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus2 (PCV2) infection in pigs is one of the major causes of economic loss to the farmers in terms of low production, slow growth and increase post-weaning mortality rate. The effect of PCV2 infection on haemogram, serum biochemical profile and oxidant/anti-oxidant status is not well established in pigs. In the present study, haemogram, serum biochemical profile and oxidant/anti-oxidant status were assessed in pigs confirmed positive for PCV2 infections as evidenced by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (n = 151) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 42) among a total of 306 number of pigs included in the study. Non-infected healthy pigs (n = 6) served as healthy control. The total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC) and thrombocyte count were measured. The levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and glucose and enzymes viz. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Oxidative stress indicators such as plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total anti-oxidant activity (TAOA) were measured using commercially available kits. The mean values of TLC, lymphocytes and thrombocyte count were significantly (P < 0.05) low in PCV2-infected pigs. The levels of globulin, AST, GGT, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased (P < 0.05) whereas levels of albumin and glucose significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in PCV2-infected pigs. The significant increase (P < 0.05) in MDA level and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in TAOA level were noticed in PCV2-infected animals as compared with healthy control. The present study supports immunosuppression, possible multiple organ damage and oxidative stress associated with naturally occurring PCV2 infection in pigs. Timely vaccination and managemental practices can reduce PCV2 infection in farms. In spite of many research studies, there is still paucity of detailed systemic study on haemato-biochemical alteration and oxidative stress associated with PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Rajesh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India.
| | - S Rajkhowa
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - U Dimri
- Division of Medicine, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - H Prasad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - N H Mohan
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - L Hmar
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pigs, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - K Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - G E Chethan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - P Behera
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - G Jaganmohanarao
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - S Behera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
| | - Zosangpuii
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pigs, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796015, India
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Geng S, Luo H, Liu Y, Chen C, Xu W, Chen Y, Li X, Fang W. Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 in pigs in the southeastern Chinese province of Zhejiang. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:244. [PMID: 31307451 PMCID: PMC6631677 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was first reported in US in 2016. The virus was also identified later in China. Prevalence of PCV3 in Zhejiang province in southeastern China is not clear though it has been reported in many parts of China. Results PCV3 infection and its co-infection with other swine viral pathogens in pig herds of Zhejiang province were retrospectively investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and its sero-prevalence by indirect ELISA. PCV3 was found positive in 67.1% of the 283 clinical samples taken from 2014 to 2017 as shown by qPCR. Single infection with PCV3 accounted for only one-third of the samples, and majority were of co-infections, predominantly with PEDV (41.6%) but generally low with other swine viruses. Indirect ELISA using the PCV3 capsid protein as the coating antigen revealed an average sero-positive rate of 52.6% (40.8 to 60.8%) in 2345 serum samples from 2011 to 2017, with earliest yet high positive findings in samples taken in 2012. Of 203 serum samples, the qPCR method showed more positive findings than ELISA (81.3% vs 56.2%). With 89 serum samples negative by ELISA, vast majority (n = 81) were found positive by qPCR. There was negative correlation in levels of PCV3 DNA and anti-capsid antibody response. ORF2-based phylogenetic analysis revealed three major groups (PCV3a, PCV3b and PCV3c) of the 200 strains, 38 from this study and 162 reference strains from GenBank. Most of the strains from this study were clustered into PCV3c. Of the putative signature residues of the capsid protein (aa 24, 27, 77 and 150) relative to the three groups, only the PCV3a group strains showed a distinct pattern of residues VKSI (95% of the strains), while the other two groups did not have such a ‘signature’ pattern. Conclusions Results from this study provided further evidence that the novel virus PCV3 was widely distributed in China and might have emerged in Zhejiang province before 2014, most probably back in 2012 when there was high PCV3 sero-prevalence. PCV3 might be viremic in pigs and could spread by fecal shedding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1977-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Geng
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weicheng Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Mukherjee P, Karam A, Chakraborty A, Baruah S, Pegu R, Das S, Milton A, Puro K, Sanjukta R, Ghatak S, Shakuntala I, Laha R, Sen A. Identification of a novel cluster of PCV2 isolates from Meghalaya, India indicates possible recombination along with changes in capsid protein. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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RAJESH JB, RAJKHOWA S, DIMRI U, PRASAD H, PEGU SR, SAIKIA P, CHETHAN GE, ZOSANGPUII ZOSANGPUII, CHOUDHURY M, AJITH Y. Seroprevalence of PCV2 in north eastern hill states of India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i2.87321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study describe the seroprevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in north eastern hill (NEH) states of India. Information on PCV2 from NEH states is lacking. Serum samples (306) were collected from the pigs and different epidemiological parameters like age, sex, and litter size of drift or sounder, system of rearing and different clinical symptoms from November 2017 to May 2018. Samples were screened for PCV2 infection by commercially available ELISA kit (INGEZIM PCV IgG and INGEZIM PCV IgM, Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain). Out of 306 serum samples tested, 151 samples were positive for PCV2 infection. An overall PCV2 prevalence of 49.35% was recorded in NEH states of India. Highest prevalence was found in Sikkim (94%) and lowest prevalence in Nagaland (4%). This study revealed that PCV2 is prevalent in all the north eastern states of India which necessitates the need for implementation of prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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