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Arwati H, Bahalwan RR, Hapsari WT, Wardhani KA, Aini KN, Apsari PIB, Wardhani P. Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice. Vet World 2021; 14:2016-2022. [PMID: 34566316 PMCID: PMC8448659 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2016-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. RESULTS GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice. CONCLUSION GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heny Arwati
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhani R. Bahalwan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Windya T. Hapsari
- Department of Opthalmology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Kartika A. Wardhani
- Master Program on Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Jl. Darmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 30, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karya Putra Bangsa Institute of Health Science, Jalan Raya Tulungagung-Blitar Km 4, Tulungagung 66291, Indonesia
| | - Kholida N. Aini
- Master Program on Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Jl. Darmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 30, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Putu I. B. Apsari
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Marwadewa, Jl. Terompong No.24, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia
| | - Puspa Wardhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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