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Aiyegoro OA, Moyane JN, Adegoke AA, Jideani AIO, Reddy P, Okoh AI. Virulence Signatures, Integrons, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Strains Recovered from Selected Commercial Dairy Products and Fresh Raw Meat. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:254. [PMID: 37355481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial species responsible for food infections and intoxication are sometimes carried through the food production and processing. Very few published literatures exist on integrons among antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal strains from foods of animal origin in Gauteng Province, South Africa, hence this study. A total of 720 samples (360 meat and 360 dairies) from a community abattoir of a research farm in South Africa, using conventional bacteriological and molecular methods. Nine (9) bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis AYO-123, Acinetobacter baumannii AYO-241, Staphylococcus lentus AYO-352, among others were identified and submitted to GenBank. More bacterial strains were recovered from raw meat (90.5%) than dairy products (9.5%). Resistance was shown (0-100%) to Imipenem, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Clindamycin, and 22 other antibiotics, without any carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin/vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus species (MRSS/VRSS). Virulence genes for fibronectin-binding protein A (FnbA) were predominant (56.24%) followed by the circulating nucleic acids (cna) gene (43.75%). Others were staphylococcal enterotoxin A (sea, 41%), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb, 23.5%). Co-presence of sea and seb genes occurred in 11.76% of the isolates, but no coa genes was amplified. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), tetK (70.58%), linA (29.4%), and ermA (11.76%) were detected, but none of the mecA and vat genes was amplified. Class 2 integron (50%) was more predominantly detected than integron 1 (25%), but no Class 3 integron was detected. Bacteria with both the detected virulence and antibiotic resistance genes are of potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka A Aiyegoro
- Collaborating Partner, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Jeremia N Moyane
- School of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Anthony A Adegoke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Afam I O Jideani
- School of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
- Postharvest-Handling Group, ISEKI-Food Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of For Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Admi M, Darmawi D, Ferasyi TR, Dasrul D. Phylogenetic Tree 16S rRNA Gene of Acinetobacter soli Isolated from the Prepuce of Aceh Cattle. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the pre-seed area of healthy Aceh cattle, it is possible to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria that can interfere with the reproductive system. This study is needed to identify these pathogenic bacteria using a molecular approach, in an effort to prevent infection.
AIM: The aim of the present study was to construct phylogenetic tree relationships of Acinetobacter soli identified in the preputial area of Aceh cattle by molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 75 preputial specimens were obtained from Indrapuri’s Breeding and Forages Center of Aceh Cattles, Indrapuri district, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The samples were processed for culture using standard conventional methods. The extraction of genomic DNA and the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene were assayed using polymerase chain reaction. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using distance matrices using the neighbor-joining model of the molecular evolutionary genetic analysis software 6.1 software.
RESULTS: The results showed that of 75 preputial swab samples, 18 (24%) were positive for A. soli isolates. There was a 100% sequence similarity to A. soli prototype strain B1 and a 99% similarity to Acinetobacter parvus prototype strain LUH4616, Acinetobacter baylyi strain B2, A. venetianus strain ATCC 31012, as well as a 99% similarity to Acinetobacter baumannii strain DSM 30007, the strain ATCC 19606, and the strain JCM 6841, respectively. We concluded that A. soli-positive presentation in the preparation of Aceh cattle has 100% sequence similarity of 16S rRNA with A. soli strain B1.
CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion of this study is that, based on the construction of a phylogenetic tree, it shows that 24% of the bacterial isolate is related to A. soli. It is essential to conduct a regular survey for bacterial contamination and to increase worker awareness and education about hygiene standards.
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Nurliana N, Siregar BH, Sari WE, Helmi TZ, Sugito S. Identification of cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria from the intestines of laying hens given AKBISprob based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene analysis. Vet World 2022; 15:1650-1656. [PMID: 36185519 PMCID: PMC9394149 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1650-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Supplementation of AKBISprob (developed in a previous study) in feed can improve production efficiency and poultry health, especially laying hens. In addition, it can also increase cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in chicken intestines, but these bacteria are still unknown; thus, they need to be identified. This study aimed to identify cellulolytic LAB in the intestines of laying hens administered AKBISprob based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene analysis. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 13 LAB isolates from the intestines of laying hens that were given AKBISprob 4%. Cellulolytic LAB DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. Results: From 10 cellulolytic LAB isolates with a clear zone of >6 mm, four were selected and their DNA was amplified with BaCF and UniB primers ~1500 bp DNA fragments. Of these, the P31H62 isolate was genetically close to Enterococcus hirae strain 1-1X-16 with 92.90% maximum identity, the P33S52 isolate had homology with Enterococcus mundtii strain ZU 26 with 96.76% maximum identity, and the P33S62 isolate was closely related to E. hirae strain SJ3 with 72.96% maximum identity. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the cellulolytic LAB isolates P31H62 and P33S52 were in one cluster closely related to the genus Enterococcus. Conclusion: This study suggests that the isolates P31H62, P33S62, and P33S52 from the intestines of laying hens administered 4% AKBISprob are cellulolytic LAB belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliana Nurliana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Baharuddin Halim Siregar
- Study Program of Veterinary Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Eka Sari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Zahrial Helmi
- Laboratory of Biochemical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sugito Sugito
- Laboratory of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Novel Tet(L) Efflux Pump Variants Conferring Resistance to Tigecycline and Eravacycline in Staphylococcus Spp. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0131021. [PMID: 34878306 PMCID: PMC8653819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01310-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tigecycline is regarded as one of the few important last-resort antibiotics to treat complicated skin and intra-abdominal infections. Members of the genus Staphylococcus are zoonotic pathogens and pose a serious threat to public health. Tigecycline resistance in this species appears to be a rare phenomenon, and the mechanisms underlying tigecycline resistance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report two novel variants of the tet(L) gene in Staphylococcus spp. from swine in China, designed as tet(L)F58L and tet(L)A117V. The tet(L)F58L was located within a 18,720 bp chromosomal multidrug resistance gene cluster flanked by two copies of IS257 in Staphylococcus cohnii 11-B-312, while the tet(L)A117V was located on a 6,292 bp plasmid in S. haemolyticus 11-B-93, which could be transferred to S. aureus by electrotransformation. Cloning of each of the two tet(L) variants into S. aureus RN4220 showed 16- or 8-fold increases in the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs), which can fully confer the resistance to tigecycline (MICs from 0.125 to 2 mg/liter) and eravacycline (MICs from 0.125 to 1 or 2 mg/liter), but no increase in the MICs of omadacycline, compared with the MICs of the recipient strain S. aureus RN4220. In the in vivo murine sepsis and in the murine pneumonia models, an increase in CFU of S. aureus 29213_pT93 carrying the tet(L)A117V was seen despite tigecycline treatment. This observation suggests that the tet(L)A117V and its associated gene product compromise the efficacy of tigecycline treatment in vivo and may lead to clinical treatment failure. Our finding, that novel Tet(L) efflux pump variants which confer tigecycline and eravacycline resistance have been identified in Staphylococcus spp., requires urgent attention. IMPORTANCE Tigecycline and eravacycline are both important last-resort broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. The presence of novel Tet(L) efflux pump variants conferring the resistance to tigecycline and eravacycline in Staphylococcus spp. and its potential transmission to S. aureus will compromise the efficacy of tigecycline and eravacycline treatment for S. aureus associated infection in vivo and may lead to clinical treatment failure.
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Identification of Bull Semen Microbiome by 16S Sequencing and Possible Relationships with Fertility. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122431. [PMID: 34946031 PMCID: PMC8705814 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports on the use of 16S sequencing for the identification of bacteria in healthy animals are lacking. Bacterial contamination of bull semen can have a negative effect on the sperm quality. The aims of this study were threefold: to identify bacteria in the semen of healthy bulls using 16S sequencing; to investigate the differences in the bacterial community between individual bulls; and to establish if there was a relationship between the bacteria isolated and bull fertility. Semen from 18 bulls of known fertility was used for the DNA extraction and 16S sequencing; 107 bacterial genera were identified. The differences in the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and the numbers of genera between bulls were noted. Negative correlations (p < 0.05) between several bacterial genera with Curvibacter, Rikenellaceae RC9-gut-group and Dyella spp. were seen. Other negatively correlated bacteria were Cutibacterium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Staphylococcus, all within the top 20 genera. Two genera, W5053 and Lawsonella, were enriched in bulls of low fertility; this is the first time that these bacteria have been reported in bull semen samples. The majority of the bacteria were environmental organisms or were species originating from the mucous membranes of animals and humans. The results of this study indicate that differences in the seminal microbiota of healthy bulls occur and might be correlated with fertility.
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