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Silveira L, Pinto M, Isidro J, Pista Â, Themudo P, Vieira L, Machado J, Gomes JP. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen Clusters Detected in Azores Archipelago, Portugal. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:1860275. [PMID: 31950026 PMCID: PMC6948285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1860275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) remain one of the main causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Within the multiple existing Salmonella enterica serovars, the serovar Rissen is rarely reported, particularly as a cause of human salmonellosis. Between 2015 and 2017, the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Infections observed an increase in the number of clinical cases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica serovar Rissen, particularly from the Azores archipelago. In the present study, we analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) all clinical, animal, food, and environmental isolates received up to 2017 in the Portuguese Reference Laboratories. As such, through a wgMLST-based gene-by-gene analysis, we aimed to identify potential epidemiological clusters linking clinical and samples from multiple sources, while gaining insight into the genetic diversity of S. enterica serovar Rissen. We also investigated the genetic basis driving the observed multidrug resistance. By integrating 60 novel genomes with all publicly available serovar Rissen genomes, we observed a low degree of genetic diversity within this serovar. Nevertheless, the majority of Portuguese isolates showed high degree of genetic relatedness and a potential link to pork production. An in-depth analysis of these isolates revealed the existence of two major clusters from the Azores archipelago composed of MDR isolates, most of which were resistant to at least five antimicrobials. Considering the well-known spread of MDR between gastrointestinal bacteria, the identification of MDR circulating clones should constitute an alert to public health authorities. Finally, this study constitutes the starting point for the implementation of the "One Health" approach for Salmonella surveillance in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinto
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Isidro
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Bacteriology and Micology Laboratory, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ângela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Themudo
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Bacteriology and Micology Laboratory, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Vieira
- Technology and Innovation Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Nova Medical School/Faculty of Medical Sciences, New University of Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- National Reference Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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