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Chompoosan C, Pongthaisong P, Kenchaiwong W, Pontaema T, Lerdweeraphon W. Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses. Vet World 2023; 16:1765-1771. [PMID: 37766709 PMCID: PMC10521183 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1765-1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Pregnancy affects maternal hemodynamics. The changes in autonomic nervous system activity for hemodynamics adaptation in pregnant horses are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses. Materials and Methods A total of 23 Thai native crossbred mares without any cardiac abnormalities were included in this study. The animals were assigned into two groups, a non-pregnant mare group (n =12) and a pregnant mare group (n = 11). Electrocardiogram recordings (paper speed = 25 mm/s and calibration = 10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain six limb leads (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF). The vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) was calculated to assess variability in heart rate over short periods using just 20 consecutive beats. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Results Heart rate, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and T wave duration were significantly different between non-pregnant and pregnant horses (p < 0.05). Pregnant horses had significantly lower VVTI than non-pregnant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cardiac structures including % interventricular septum (IVS), % left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), IVS in diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, LVPW thickness at end-diastole, IVS in systole, left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, LVPW thickness at end-systole, and left atrium/aortic roots ratio between the two groups. However, the pregnant horses had a significantly higher cardiac output and % ejection fraction than non-pregnant horses (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study provided the first evidence that hemodynamic adaptations during pregnancy modified cardiac conduction, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanon Chompoosan
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Pongphol Pongthaisong
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
- Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000,Thailand
| | - Wootichai Kenchaiwong
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
- Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000,Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Pontaema
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Wichaporn Lerdweeraphon
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
- Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000,Thailand
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Chanda M, Petchdee S. Cardiac morphology changes in horses as a response to various types of sports. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2097245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metha Chanda
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
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Nissen SD, Weis R, Krag-Andersen EK, Hesselkilde EM, Isaksen JL, Carstensen H, Kanters JK, Linz D, Sanders P, Hopster-Iversen C, Jespersen T, Pehrson S, Buhl R. Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1119-1130. [PMID: 35488721 PMCID: PMC9151491 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long‐term exercise induces cardiac remodeling that potentially influences the electrical properties of the heart. Hypothesis/objectives We assessed whether training alters cardiac conduction in Standardbred racehorses. Animals Two hundred one trained and 52 untrained Standardbred horses. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Resting ECG recordings were analyzed to assess heart rate (HR) along with standard ECG parameters and for identification of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study was performed in 13 horses assessing the effect of training on sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and His signal recordings. Age and sex adjustments were implemented in multiple and logistic regression models for comparison. Results Resting HR in beats per minute (bpm) was lower in trained vs untrained horses (mean, 30.8 ± 2.6 bpm vs 32.9 ± 4.2 bpm; P = .001). Trained horses more often displayed second‐degree atrioventricular block (2AVB; odds ratio, 2.59; P = .04). No difference in SNRT was found between groups (n = 13). Mean P‐A, A‐H, and H‐V intervals were 71 ± 20, 209 ± 41, and 134 ± 41 ms, respectively (n = 7). We did not detect a training effect on AV‐nodal conduction intervals. His signals were present in 1 horse during 2AVB with varying H‐V interval preceding a blocked beat. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We identified decreased HR and increased frequency of 2AVB in trained horses. In 5 of 7 horses, His signal recordings had variable H‐V intervals within each individual horse, providing novel insight into AV conduction in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Nissen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Weis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth K Krag-Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Eva M Hesselkilde
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Carstensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hopster-Iversen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology 2142, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Rikke Buhl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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Kenchaiwong W, Sangpo P, Kusol A, Pontaema T, Lerdweeraphon W. The position of ground electrode affects electrocardiographic parameters in horses. Vet World 2022; 15:1107-1112. [PMID: 35698497 PMCID: PMC9178585 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1107-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Improper attachment of the grounding lead is one of the artifacts and causes difficulty in interpretation of ECG. This study aimed to examine the effects of the position of a ground electrode on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in horses. Materials and Methods: Sixteen Arabian horses without any cardiac problems were included in this study. The animals were divided into two groups, the base-apex lead method 1 (BA1 method) and the base-apex lead method 2 (BA2 method) with the reposition of the ground limb electrode to the xiphoid. ECG recordings (paper speed=25 mm/s and calibration=10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain six limb leads (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF). The amplitude and duration of P waves and QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were analyzed. T wave morphology was observed. Heart rate was evaluated by using R-R interval in each recording. Results: Heart rate, P duration and amplitude, PR interval and T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude were not significantly different between the BA1 and the BA2 method, except that the BA2 method had a significantly higher QT interval than did the BA1 method (p<0.05). A higher significance of the percentage of coefficient of variation was seen on the P wave amplitude and the ORS amplitude in the BA1 method when compared to BA2 method (p<0.05). Conclusion: These data indicated that base-apex lead method with reposition of the ground limb electrode to the xiphoid can decrease variation of ECG configuration and might be useful for routine ECG evaluation and monitoring in horses. The limitation of this study was the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function by echocardiography to exclude cardiac problems. In further, the studies should examine the effect of breed, age, body weight, and sex on electrocardiography parameters in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wootichai Kenchaiwong
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand; Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand; Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Pamika Sangpo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
| | - Anawach Kusol
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Pontaema
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
| | - Wichaporn Lerdweeraphon
- Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand; Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
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