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Abdelmoneim RSE, Abdelmoety AA, Baddour N, Salem P, Metawea M. The classification of gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhotic patients by Versatile Intelligent Staining Technology. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35702616 PMCID: PMC9184394 DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are two different pathologies that cause bleeding in cirrhotic patients. These two pathologies are still difficult to be distinguished by white light endoscopy (conventional), as they both appear as red spots in the gastric antral mucosa in the case of severe PHG. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of Versatile Intelligent Staining Technology (VIST) in comparison to histopathology in the diagnosis and classification of GAVE.
Methods
A cross-sectional study included 50 patients with liver cirrhosis recruited from Alexandria Main University Hospital. Patients with connective tissue diseases and chronic kidney disease were excluded. All patients were examined by both conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) and image enhancement technology (VIST) using Sonoscape HD500 endoscope. GAVE was diagnosed as tortuous columns of ectatic vessels in the gastric antrum. Histopathological examination was used as the standard tool for the diagnosis of GAVE.
Results
A total of 50 patients were included, 28 patients (56 %) were diagnosed as GAVE by pathology vs 22 (44 %) as non-GAVE. Twenty-three of 28 (78.6 %) cases of GAVE were detected by VIST. VIST had superior sensitivity than WLE in the detection of GAVE, 82.1 % vs 7.1 %, while WLE had higher specificity 95.5 % vs 59.1 % by VIST. There was statistical significance between VIST and pathology in the diagnosis of GAVE, p<0.035, but no statistical significance between WLE and pathology. VIST has identified two types of GAVE: focal in 12/28 cases and diffuse in 11/28, and five were not diagnosed by VIST.
Conclusions
Versatile Intelligent Staining Technology could be used as an alternative tool to histopathological diagnosis of GAVE. GAVE can present as a focal group of ectatic vessels which adds a new class to GAVE classification that was previously misdiagnosed.
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Kwon HJ, Lee SH, Cho JH. Influences of etiology and endoscopic appearance on the long-term outcomes of gastric antral vascular ectasia. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6050-6059. [PMID: 35949841 PMCID: PMC9254169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i18.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) has diverse associations and presumed causes, which include liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and autoimmune disease. This heterogeneity of underlying disorders suggests that the pathogenesis of GAVE may be variable.
AIM To compare the clinical features and long-term outcomes of GAVE according to endoscopic patterns and etiologies.
METHODS The medical records and endoscopic images of 23 consecutive patients diagnosed with GAVE by endoscopy at Yeungnam University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were allocated to cirrhosis (16 patients) and non-cirrhosis groups (7 patients). GAVE subtypes, as determined by endoscopy, were categorized as punctate (a diffuse, honeycomb-like appearance, 17 patients) or striped (a linear, watermelon-like appearance, 6 patients).
RESULTS All GAVE patients with cirrhosis (16/16, 100%) had a punctate pattern by endoscopy, whereas the majority of patients (6/7, 85.7%) without cirrhosis had a striped pattern (P < 0.001). Overt GAVE bleeding (10/23, 43%) was significantly more common in the non-cirrhosis group than in the cirrhosis group (6/7, 85.7% vs 4/16, 25.0%; P = 0.019), and more common in the striped group than in the punctate group (5/6, 83.3% vs 5/17, 29.4%; P = 0.052). However, mean numbers of admissions due to GAVE bleeding and argon plasma coagulation (APC) sessions to address overt bleeding were similar in the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups and in the punctate and striped groups. All patients with GAVE bleeding were successfully treated by APC, and no patient died from GAVE-related blood loss during a median follow-up of 24 mo.
CONCLUSION Punctate-type GAVE is strongly associated with liver cirrhosis, and GAVE patients without cirrhosis tend to be more prone to overt bleeding. However, the presence of cirrhosis and endoscopic patterns did not influence long-term clinical courses or outcomes in cases of overt bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Si Hyung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
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Tan J, Tang X, He Y, Xu X, Qiu D, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang L. In-patient Expenditure Between 2012 and 2020 Concerning Patients With Liver Cirrhosis in Chongqing: A Hospital-Based Multicenter Retrospective Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:780704. [PMID: 35350474 PMCID: PMC8957842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.780704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is a major global health and economic challenge, placing a heavy economic burden on patients, families, and society. This study aimed to investigate medical expenditure trends in patients with liver cirrhosis and assess the drivers for such medical expenditure among patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods Medical expenditure data concerning patients with liver cirrhosis was collected in six tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China, from 2012 to 2020. Trends in medical expenses over time and trends according to subgroups were described, and medical expenditure compositions were analyzed. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to evaluate the factors influencing medical expenditure. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan (CNY), based on the 2020 value, and adjusted using the year-specific health care consumer price index for Chongqing. Results Medical expenditure for 7,095 patients was assessed. The average medical expenditure per patient was 16,177 CNY. An upward trend in medical expenditure was observed in almost all patient subgroups. Drug expenses were the largest contributor to medical expenditure in 2020. A multiple linear regression model showed that insurance type, sex, age at diagnosis, marital status, length of stay, smoking status, drinking status, number of complications, autoimmune liver disease, and the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score were significantly related to medical expenditure. Conclusion Conservative estimates suggest that the medical expenditure of patients with liver cirrhosis increased significantly from 2012 to 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate targeted measures to reduce the personal burden on patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Tan
- Medical Records and Statistics Room, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewen Tang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of Medical Administration, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoping Qiu
- Medical Records and Statistics Room, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingqin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Equipment, People's Hospital of Chongqing Bishan District, Chongqing, China
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Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of severe gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1414-1419. [PMID: 32925507 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a significant cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. AIM To assess safety/efficacy and cost/advantages of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with cirrhosis and severe gastric antral vascular ectasia who underwent radiofrequency ablation were enrolled. Clinical data, gastric antral vascular ectasia grade, and gastric antral vascular ectasia-related hospitalizations were collected. Primary outcome was defined as the absence of transfusion over the 6 months after radiofrequency. An economic analysis was performed in the same period. RESULTS Forty patients (50% Child B) were enrolled (80% refractory to argon plasma coagulation). Gastric antral vascular ectasia eradication was obtained in all patients and 65% of these patients achieved primary outcome. After radiofrequency, mean number of red blood cells transfusions dropped (from 25 to 0.9, P < 0.0001), with a parallel increase in hemoglobin (from 8 to 10.5 g/dL, P < 0.0001). No major complication occurred and liver function remained stable in all patients. The cost-analysis demonstrated a profound reduction of health care cost (from € 536.084 to € 189.044 in the 6 months before vs. after radiofrequency, respectively). These results were confirmed in the subgroup analysis in patients refractory to argon plasma coagulation. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective for the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with cirrhosis, including those refractory to argon plasma coagulation. Although the cost of single radiofrequency ablation is relatively high, the cost-analysis demonstrated considerable saving.
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Tan Y, Gough A. A case of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e280-e281. [PMID: 33677538 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Andrew Gough
- Department of Rheumatology, Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate, UK
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Fouad M, Khalaf Fath-Elbab H, Mostafa AM, Moness HM, Adel NM, Ahmed E. Gastric antral vascular ectasia in hepatitis C virus related liver cirrhosis: Fetching for predictors. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:923-928. [PMID: 34386601 PMCID: PMC8341197 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism that underlies this condition is unknown. In our study, we estimate the prevalence of GAVE in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis and attempted to determine if any of the hepatocellular manifestations, liver functions, serum gastrin, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopic picture have a relation to, or could predict, the occurrence of GAVE in cirrhotic patients. Methods This study includes 500 HCV‐related liver cirrhosis patients. According to endoscopic assessment, we detected 30 patients with GAVE (Group 2). From the 470 patients without GAVE, we randomly selected 120 patients (Group 1), to avoid statistical bias, for comparison with Group 2. Comparison included clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, serum gastrin, ultrasound findings, and endoscopic findings (esophageal and/or gastric varices and gastropathy). Results The percentage of GAVE in HCV‐related liver cirrhosis is 0.06%. We can predict GAVE by platelets, palmer erythema, diabetes mellitus (DM), marked ascites > with area under the curve of 0.67, 75.5, 0.62, and 0.40%, and accuracy of 82.5, 72, 70.7, and 79.3%, respectively. There was no correlation found between occurrence of GAVE and endoscopic findings. Also, there was no correlation found between occurrence of GAVE and serum gastrin levels, which reflect another pathophysiology, and we found no statistically significant correlation with GAVE. Conclusions Palmer erythema, low platelets, DM, and ascites might help in the prediction of GAVE. GAVE is not linked to the presence, type or grade of varices, and gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Fouad
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Hanaa Khalaf Fath-Elbab
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamed Mostafa
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Hend M Moness
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine - Minia University Minia Egypt
| | | | - Elham Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine - Minia University Minia Egypt
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Kendir OT, Yilmaz HL, Bozdogan S, Bisgin A, Celik T, Surmelioglu O, Doran F. A Two-Month-Old Child with Vascular Ectasia: A Case Report Diagnosed by Molecular Karyotyping. J Pediatr Genet 2019; 8:20-23. [PMID: 30775049 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1669385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia can be encountered in cases with aortic stenosis, inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions, von Willebrand disease or vascular damage, and degenerative changes. Predisposing factors have been described in four adults with vascular ectasia located in the stomach, duodenum, and the distal esophagus. Here, we report a 2-month-old infant with vascular ectasia in the proximal esophagus and diagnosed by molecular karyotyping. This is the first case of vascular ectasia in the proximal esophagus in a pediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Tolu Kendir
- Department of Pediatrics, Çukurova Üniversity, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hayri Levent Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Çukurova Üniversity, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Bozdogan
- AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department of Balcali Clinics and Hospital, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Atıl Bisgin
- AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department of Balcali Clinics and Hospital, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tugçe Celik
- Department of Pediatrics, Çukurova Üniversity, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Surmelioglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Çukurova Üniversity, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Figen Doran
- Department of Pathology, Çukurova Üniversity, Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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