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Wang F, Liao HZ, Chen XL, Lei H, Luo GH, Chen GD, Zhao H. Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion: new insights into personalized therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:5205-5223. [PMID: 39022260 PMCID: PMC11250313 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Owing to advances in diagnosis and treatment methods over past decades, a growing number of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnoses has enabled a greater of proportion of patients to receive curative treatment. However, a high risk of early recurrence and poor prognosis remain major challenges in HCC therapy. Microvascular invasion (MVI) has been demonstrated to be an essential independent predictor of early recurrence after curative therapy. Currently, biopsy is not generally recommended before treatment to evaluate MVI in HCC according clinical guidelines due to sampling error and the high risk of tumor cell seeding following biopsy. Therefore, the postoperative histopathological examination is recognized as the gold standard of MVI diagnosis, but this lagging indicator greatly impedes clinicians in selecting the optimal effective treatment for prognosis. As imaging can now noninvasively and completely assess the whole tumor and host situation, it is playing an increasingly important role in the preoperative assessment of MVI. Therefore, imaging criteria for MVI diagnosis would be highly desirable for optimizing individualized therapeutic decision-making and achieving a better prognosis. In this review, we summarize the emerging image characteristics of different imaging modalities for predicting MVI. We also discuss whether advances in imaging technique have generated evidence that could be practice-changing and whether advanced imaging techniques will revolutionize therapeutic decision-making of early-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Departments of Radiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Zhi Liao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Jahn M, Layer G. [Multiparametric MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma, part 2 : Diffusion-weighted imaging in the primary diagnostics and treatment monitoring]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 64:587-596. [PMID: 38884639 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-024-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In addition to morphology and tissue perfusion, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the third pillar of multiparametric diagnostics in oncology. Due to the strong correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cell count in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it can be used as a surrogate marker for tumor cell quantity. Therefore, ADC effectively reflects the effects of cytoreductive treatment, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and systemic chemotherapy and becomes an important clinical marker for treatment response. The DWI should remain an integral part of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol in primary HCC diagnostics and treatment monitoring but is of secondary clinical importance compared to contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion sequences and the use of liver-specific contrast agents. For the future, standardization of DWI sequences for better comparability of various study protocols would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jahn
- Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Bremserstraße 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland.
| | - Günter Layer
- Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Bremserstraße 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
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Zhang Y, Sheng R, Yang C, Dai Y, Zeng M. Detecting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma using the impeded diffusion fraction technique to sense macromolecular coordinated water. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:1892-1904. [PMID: 38526597 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impeded diffusion fraction (IDF) is a novel and promising diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique that allows for the detection of various diffusion compartments, including macromolecular coordinated water, free diffusion, perfusion, and cellular free water. This study aims to investigate the clinical potential of IDF-DWI in detecting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS 66 patients were prospectively included. Metrics derived from IDF-DWI and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify clinical risk factors. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PR), and the calibration error (cal-error). Additionally, a power analysis was conducted to determine the required sample size. RESULTS The results suggested a significantly higher fraction of impeded diffusion (FID) originating from IDF-DWI in MVI-positive HCCs (p < 0.001). Moreover, the ADC was found to be significantly lower in MVI-positive HCCs (p = 0.019). Independent risk factors of MVI included larger tumor size and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The nomogram model incorporating ADC, FID, tumor size, and AFP level yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for MVI (AUC-PR = 0.804, AUC-ROC = 0.783, cal-error = 0.044), followed by FID (AUC-PR = 0.693, AUC-ROC = 0.760, cal-error = 0.060) and ADC (AUC-PR = 0.570, AUC-ROC = 0.651, cal-error = 0.164). CONCLUSION IDF-DWI shows great potential in noninvasively, accurately, and preoperatively detecting MVI in HCC and may offer clinical benefits for prognostic prediction and determination of treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruofan Sheng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongming Dai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech Univerisity, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Jahn M, Layer G. [Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma, part 1 : Morphology and dynamic perfusion imaging in primary diagnostics and treatment monitoring]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 64:321-332. [PMID: 38502373 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-024-01285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to identify HCC lesions. Multiparametric MRI provides detailed insights into the tumor biology through the analysis of morphology, perfusion and diffusion. In this way preoperative decisions can be optimized. The guidelines recommend using contrast-enhanced MRI or ultrasound for the diagnosis of HCC. The preferred method is MRI due to its superiority in the detection of small lesions The treatment response is evaluated using modified response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. The use of multiparametric MRI in conjunction with the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) plays overall a central role in the precise diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jahn
- Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Bremserstraße 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - Günter Layer
- Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Bremserstraße 79, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
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Li J, Ma Y, Yang C, Qiu G, Chen J, Tan X, Zhao Y. Radiomics analysis of R2* maps to predict early recurrence of single hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1277698. [PMID: 38463221 PMCID: PMC10920317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1277698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of radiomics analysis with R2* maps in predicting early recurrence (ER) in single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following partial hepatectomy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 202 patients with surgically confirmed single HCC having undergone preoperative magnetic resonance imaging between 2018 and 2021 at two different institutions. 126 patients from Institution 1 were assigned to the training set, and 76 patients from Institution 2 were assigned to the validation set. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization was conducted to operate a logistic regression, then features were identified to construct a radiomic score (Rad-score). Uni- and multi-variable tests were used to assess the correlations of clinicopathological features and Rad-score with ER. We then established a combined model encompassing the optimal Rad-score and clinical-pathological risk factors. Additionally, we formulated and validated a predictive nomogram for predicting ER in HCC. The nomogram's discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were thoroughly evaluated. Results Multivariable logistic regression revealed the Rad-score, microvascular invasion (MVI), and α fetoprotein (AFP) level > 400 ng/mL as significant independent predictors of ER in HCC. We constructed a nomogram based on these significant factors. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the nomogram and precision-recall curve were 0.901 and 0.753, respectively, with an F1 score of 0.831 in the training set. These values in the validation set were 0.827, 0.659, and 0.808. Conclusion The nomogram that integrates the radiomic score, MVI, and AFP demonstrates high predictive efficacy for estimating the risk of ER in HCC. It facilitates personalized risk classification and therapeutic decision-making for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunhui Ma
- Department of Oncology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ganbin Qiu
- Imaging Department of Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jingmu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tan
- Department of Radiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Deng Y, Yang D, Tan X, Xu H, Xu L, Ren A, Liu P, Yang Z. Preoperative evaluation of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with a radiological feature-based nomogram: a bi-centre study. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38281008 PMCID: PMC10821254 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a nomogram for preoperative assessment of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the radiological features of enhanced CT and to verify two imaging techniques (CT and MRI) in an external centre. METHOD A total of 346 patients were retrospectively included (training, n = 185, CT images; external testing 1, n = 90, CT images; external testing 2, n = 71, MRI images), including 229 MVI-negative patients and 117 MVI-positive patients. The radiological features and clinical information of enhanced CT images were analysed, and the independent variables associated with MVI in HCC were determined by logistic regression analysis. Then, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. External validation was performed on CT (n = 90) and MRI (n = 71) images from another centre. RESULTS Among the 23 radiological and clinical features, size, arterial peritumoral enhancement (APE), tumour margin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were independent influencing factors for MVI in HCC. The nomogram integrating these risk factors had a good predictive effect, with AUC, specificity and sensitivity values of 0.834 (95% CI: 0.774-0.895), 75.0% and 83.5%, respectively. The AUC values of external verification based on CT and MRI image data were 0.794 (95% CI: 0.700-0.888) and 0.883 (95% CI: 0.807-0.959), respectively. No statistical difference in AUC values among training set and testing sets was found. CONCLUSION The proposed nomogram prediction model for MVI in HCC has high accuracy, can be used with different imaging techniques, and has good clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Deng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
- Medical Imaging Division, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhongshan Road 82, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianzheng Tan
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lixue Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ahong Ren
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, West District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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