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Wang Q, Song YX, Wu XD, Luo YG, Miao R, Yu XM, Guo X, Wu DZ, Bao R, Mi WD, Cao JB. Gut microbiota and cognitive performance: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:38-47. [PMID: 38417715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested a potential association between gut microbiota and neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive performance remains uncertain. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study used SNPs linked to gut microbiota (n = 18,340) and cognitive performance (n = 257,841) from recent GWAS data. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were employed. Heterogeneity was assessed via Cochran's Q test for IVW. Results were shown with funnel plots. Outliers were detected through leave-one-out method. MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercept tests were conducted to address horizontal pleiotropy influence. LIMITATIONS Limited to European populations, generic level, and potential confounding factors. RESULTS IVW analysis revealed detrimental effects on cognitive perfmance associated with the presence of genus Blautia (P = 0.013, 0.966[0.940-0.993]), Catenibacterium (P = 0.035, 0.977[0.956-0.998]), Oxalobacter (P = 0.043, 0.979[0.960-0.999]). Roseburia (P < 0.001, 0.935[0.906-0.965]), in particular, remained strongly negatively associated with cognitive performance after Bonferroni correction. Conversely, families including Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.043, 1.040[1.001-1.081]), Rikenellaceae (P = 0.047, 1.026[1.000-1.053]), along with genera including Paraprevotella (P = 0.044, 1.020[1.001-1.039]), Ruminococcus torques group (P = 0.016, 1.062[1.011-1.115]), Bacteroides (P = 0.043, 1.040[1.001-1.081]), Dialister (P = 0.027, 1.039[1.004-1.074]), Paraprevotella (P = 0.044, 1.020[1.001-1.039]) and Ruminococcaceae UCG003 (P = 0.007, 1.040[1.011-1.070]) had a protective effect on cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that interventions targeting specific gut microbiota may offer a promising avenue for improving cognitive function in diseased populations. The practical application of these findings has the potential to enhance cognitive performance, thereby improving overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yun-Gen Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ran Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - De-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Zhong R, Shen L, Fan Y, Luo Q, Hong R, Sun X, Zhou X, Wan J. Anti-aging mechanism and effect of treatment with raw and wine-steamed Polygonatum sibiricum on D-galactose-induced aging in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1335786. [PMID: 38774211 PMCID: PMC11106437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) first recorded in Mingyi Bielu. The book documents that PS can nourish five internal organs, be taken for a long time, relax the body and prolong lifespan. Presently, PS is widely used in TCM to prevent premature graying of hair. Based on TCM theory and clinical trials, the wine steaming processed product from PS provides a better effect. However, no published study has elucidated the anti-aging mechanism. Purpose The study aim was to investigate the anti-aging mechanism of PS and its wine steaming processed product in mice, specifically focusing on the effect of D-galactose (D-gal) surrounding the intestinal flora and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response elements (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Methods The chemical components in Raw PS (RPS) and Wine-steamed PS (WPS) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). An aging model using Kunming mice was established through intraperitoneally injected D-gal. Concentrations of RPS and WPS at 5, 10, or 15 g/kg/day levels were administered intragastrically, respectively. The body weight, liver and spleen indexes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in serum and brain tissue were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained brain tissue was histopathologically examined. The expressions of Keap1, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue at the mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Moreover, an Illumina Hiseq platform was used for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the proportions of intestinal flora in aging mice. Results The proportions of saccharides, flavonoids, and triterpene acids were different between RPS and WPS. In the aging model mice, WPS outperformed RPS in improving body weight and mental state by increasing the spleen index, SOD and GSH-PX activities, decreasing the liver index and MDA activities, and restoring the histopathological morphology in D-gal-induced aging mice. At the mRNA levels, RPS and WPS significantly reduced the expression of Keap1 and increased the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. The trend in protein expressions was similar to that of the mRNA results, and WPS had a stronger effect than RPS. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that RPS and WPS restored intestinal microbiota proportions to normal levels. Conclusion The results demonstrated that PS and its WPS had a positive effect in relieving oxidative stress in aging mice. WPS outperformed RPS, which might be related to the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Shen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Fan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaomei Luo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Liu H, Xiao H, Lin S, Zhou H, Cheng Y, Xie B, Xu D. Effect of gut hormones on bone metabolism and their possible mechanisms in the treatment of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372399. [PMID: 38725663 PMCID: PMC11079205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic organ that changes with the daily circadian rhythm. During the day, bone resorption is suppressed due to eating, while it increases at night. This circadian rhythm of the skeleton is regulated by gut hormones. Until now, gut hormones that have been found to affect skeletal homeostasis include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY), which exerts its effects by binding to its cognate receptors (GLP-1R, GLP-2R, GIPR, and Y1R). Several studies have shown that GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP all inhibit bone resorption, while GIP also promotes bone formation. Notably, PYY has a strong bone resorption-promoting effect. In addition, gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis. This review outlines the roles of GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP, and PYY in bone metabolism and discusses the roles of gut hormones and the GM in regulating bone homeostasis and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yizhao Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Salazar J, Durán P, Díaz MP, Chacín M, Santeliz R, Mengual E, Gutiérrez E, León X, Díaz A, Bernal M, Escalona D, Hernández LAP, Bermúdez V. Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Ageing: A Possible Age Modulator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105845. [PMID: 37239571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been the subject of intense research in recent years. Therefore, numerous factors affecting its composition have been thoroughly examined, and with them, their function and role in the individual's systems. The gut microbiota's taxonomical composition dramatically impacts older adults' health status. In this regard, it could either extend their life expectancy via the modulation of metabolic processes and the immune system or, in the case of dysbiosis, predispose them to age-related diseases, including bowel inflammatory and musculoskeletal diseases and metabolic and neurological disorders. In general, the microbiome of the elderly tends to present taxonomic and functional changes, which can function as a target to modulate the microbiota and improve the health of this population. The GM of centenarians is unique, with the faculty-promoting metabolic pathways capable of preventing and counteracting the different processes associated with age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can exhibit anti-ageing properties are mainly based on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. This review focuses on analysing the current knowledge of gut microbiota characteristics and modifiers, its relationship with ageing, and the GM-modulating approaches to increase life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Sociedad Internacional de Rejuvenecimiento Facial No Quirúrgico (SIRF), Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Raquel Santeliz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Edgardo Mengual
- Biological Research Institute "Doctors Orlando Castejon and Haydee V Castejon", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Emma Gutiérrez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Xavier León
- Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | - Marycarlota Bernal
- Facultad de Ingenierias, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia
| | - Daniel Escalona
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Abdalqadir N, Adeli K. GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102061. [PMID: 36296337 PMCID: PMC9610230 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents the body’s largest interface between internal organs and external environments except for its nutrient and fluid absorption functions. It has the ability to sense numerous endogenous and exogenous signals from both apical and basolateral surfaces and respond through endocrine and neuronal signaling to maintain metabolic homeostasis and energy expenditure. The intestine also harbours the largest population of microbes that interact with the host to maintain human health and diseases. Furthermore, the gut is known as the largest endocrine gland, secreting over 100 peptides and other molecules that act as signaling molecules to regulate human nutrition and physiology. Among these gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and -2 have received the most attention due to their critical role in intestinal function and food absorption as well as their application as key drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current state of the literature that has brought into light the importance of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in orchestrating intestine–microbiota–immune system crosstalk to maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyan Abdalqadir
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1H3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1H3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Kong L, Yu S, Gu L, Geng M, Zhang D, Cao H, Liu A, Wang Q, Wang S, Tao F, Liu K. Associations of typical antibiotic residues with elderly blood lipids and dyslipidemia in West Anhui, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113889. [PMID: 35853362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated the association of clinical antibiotic use with abnormal blood lipid levels; however, no epidemiological study has examined the relationship of antibiotic exposure, probably derived from food chains, with blood lipid levels. This study investigated the relationships of urinary antibiotic levels with blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias in the older population. Baseline data of 960 participants from the Cohort of Elderly Health and Environment Controllable Factors were used in the present study. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was performed to detect antibiotic residues in the urine samples of the participants. Our findings revealed that each 1 μg/g increase in enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin levels was associated with an increase of 0.084 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.030, 0.139) and 0.049 (95 % CI: 0.012, 0.086) in triglyceride levels, respectively. Enrofloxacin was associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Each 1 μg/g increase in the enrofloxacin level corresponded to an increase of 0.052 (95 % CI: 0.006, 0.098) in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Furthermore, florfenicol exposure increased the risks of both hyperbetalipoproteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. By contrast, each 1 μg/g increase in sulfaclozine and doxycycline levels was associated with a - 0.062 (95 % CI: -0.111, -0.020), and - 0.083 (95 % CI: -0.160, -0.007) decrease in total cholesterol levels, respectively. Sulfaclozine was closely related to a decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia. Stratification analysis revealed specific differences in the correlation between antibiotic exposure and lipid levels based on the waist circumference (WC) values of the participants. Except for sulfaclozine and doxycycline, other antibiotics exerted adverse effects on lipid levels and increased dyslipidemia prevalence. The older participants with higher WC values were vulnerable to antibiotic exposure. Therefore, an appropriate understanding of the epidemiological attributes of antibiotic residues is indispensable to prevent abdominal obesity in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuixin Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lvfen Gu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Menglong Geng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University),Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui 237000, China
| | - Annuo Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University),Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaiyong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University),Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Morrow NM, Hanson AA, Mulvihill EE. Distinct Identity of GLP-1R, GLP-2R, and GIPR Expressing Cells and Signaling Circuits Within the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703966. [PMID: 34660576 PMCID: PMC8511495 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells directly integrate signals of nutrient content within the gut lumen with distant hormonal responses and nutrient disposal via the production and secretion of peptides, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). Given their direct and indirect control of post-prandial nutrient uptake and demonstrated translational relevance for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, malabsorption and cardiometabolic disease, there is significant interest in the locally engaged circuits mediating these metabolic effects. Although several specific populations of cells in the intestine have been identified to express endocrine receptors, including intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and αβ and γδ T-cells (Glp1r+) and smooth muscle cells (Glp2r+), the definitive cellular localization and co-expression, particularly in regards to the Gipr remain elusive. Here we review the current state of the literature and evaluate the identity of Glp1r, Glp2r, and Gipr expressing cells within preclinical and clinical models. Further elaboration of our understanding of the initiating G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) circuits engaged locally within the intestine and how they become altered with high-fat diet feeding can offer insight into the dysregulation observed in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio A Hanson
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- Energy Substrate Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center CRCHUM-Pavillion R, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Therapeutic potential of an intestinotrophic hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2, for treatment of type 2 short bowel syndrome rats with intestinal bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 34134659 PMCID: PMC8207711 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that type 2 short bowel syndrome (SBS) rats were accompanied by severe intestinal bacterial dysbiosis. Limited data are available for intestinal fungal dysbiosis. Moreover, no effective therapeutic drugs are available for these microbiota dysbiosis. The aims of our study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) for these microbiota dysbiosis in type 2 SBS rats. Methods 8-week-old male SD rats which underwent 80% small bowel resection, ileocecum resection, partial colon resection and jejunocolostomy, were treated with saline (SBS group, n = 5) or GLP-2 (GLP2.SBS group, n = 5). The Sham group rats which underwent transection and re-anastomosis were given a saline placebo (Sham group, n = 5). 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing were applied to evaluate the colonic bacterial and fungal composition at 22 days after surgery, respectively. Results The relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and proinflammatory Proteobacteria increased significantly in SBS group rats, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Tenericutes decreased remarkably. GLP-2 treatment significantly decreased Proteus and increased Clostridium relative to the saline treated SBS rats. The diversity of intestinal fungi was significantly increased in SBS rats, accompanied with some fungi abnormally increased and some resident fungi (e.g., Penicillium) significantly decreased. GLP-2 treatment significantly decreased Debaryomyces and Meyerozyma, and increased Penicillium. Moreover, GLP-2 partially restored the bacteria-fungi interkingdom interaction network of SBS rats. Conclusion Our study confirms the bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in type 2 SBS rats, and GLP-2 partially ameliorated these microbiota dysbiosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06270-w.
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9
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Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Moon J, Kim MK. Association between aging-dependent gut microbiome dysbiosis and dry eye severity in C57BL/6 male mouse model: a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33832437 PMCID: PMC8033717 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While aging is a potent risk factor of dry eye disease, age-related gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and chronic geriatric diseases. Emerging evidence have demonstrated that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology or exacerbation of ocular diseases including dry eye disease. However, the relationship between aging-related changes in gut microbiota and dry eye disease has not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we investigated the association between aging-dependent microbiome changes and dry eye severity in C57BL/6 male mice. RESULTS Eight-week-old (8 W, n = 15), one-year-old (1Y, n = 10), and two-year-old (2Y, n = 8) C57BL/6 male mice were used. Dry eye severity was assessed by corneal staining scores and tear secretion. Bacterial genomic 16 s rRNA from feces was analyzed. Main outcomes were microbiome compositional differences among the groups and their correlation to dry eye severity. In aged mice (1Y and 2Y), corneal staining increased and tear secretion decreased with statistical significance. Gut microbiome α-diversity was not different among the groups. However, β-diversity was significantly different among the groups. In univariate analysis, phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Alistipes, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Helicobacter were significantly related to dry eye severity. After adjustment of age, multivariate analysis revealed phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Helicobacter to be significantly associated with dry eye severity. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggests that aging-dependent changes in microbiome composition are related to severity of dry eye signs in C57BL/6 male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoon Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Lupien-Meilleur J, Andrich DE, Quinn S, Micaelli-Baret C, St-Amand R, Roy D, St-Pierre DH. Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Peptides: Potential Outcomes on the Regulation of Glucose Control. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:359-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Ruiz‐Ruiz S, Sanchez‐Carrillo S, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Méndez‐García C, Rojo D, Bargiela R, Zubeldia‐Varela E, Martínez‐Martínez M, Barbas C, Ferrer M, Moya A. Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13063. [PMID: 31730262 PMCID: PMC6974723 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Composition of the gut microbiota changes during ageing, but questions remain about whether age is also associated with deficits in microbiome function and whether these changes occur sharply or progressively. The ability to define these deficits in populations of different ages may help determine a chronological age threshold at which deficits occur and subsequently identify innovative dietary strategies for active and healthy ageing. Here, active gut microbiota and associated metabolic functions were evaluated using shotgun proteomics in three well-defined age groups consisting of 30 healthy volunteers, namely, ten infants, ten adults and ten elderly individuals. Samples from each volunteer at intervals of up to 6 months (n = 83 samples) were used for validation. Ageing gradually increases the diversity of gut bacteria that actively synthesize proteins, that is by 1.4-fold from infants to elderly individuals. An analysis of functional deficits consistently identifies a relationship between tryptophan and indole metabolism and ageing (p < 2.8e-8 ). Indeed, the synthesis of proteins involved in tryptophan and indole production and the faecal concentrations of these metabolites are directly correlated (r2 > .987) and progressively decrease with age (r2 > .948). An age threshold for a 50% decrease is observed ca. 11-31 years old, and a greater than 90% reduction is observed from the ages of 34-54 years. Based on recent investigations linking tryptophan with abundance of indole and other "healthy" longevity molecules and on the results from this small cohort study, dietary interventions aimed at manipulating tryptophan deficits since a relatively "young" age of 34 and, particularly, in the elderly are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ruiz‐Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y SaludFundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto de Biología Integrativa de SistemasUniversitat de València and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)ValènciaSpain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | | | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de ProteómicaCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - María C. Mena
- Unidad de ProteómicaCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Celia Méndez‐García
- Instituto de CatálisisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO)Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San Pablo, Campus MontepríncipeMadridSpain
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Instituto de CatálisisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- Present address:
School of Natural ScienceBangor UniversityBangorUK
| | - Elisa Zubeldia‐Varela
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO)Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San Pablo, Campus MontepríncipeMadridSpain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas BásicasFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad CEU San PabloMadridSpain
| | | | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO)Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San Pablo, Campus MontepríncipeMadridSpain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de CatálisisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y SaludFundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) and Instituto de Biología Integrativa de SistemasUniversitat de València and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)ValènciaSpain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
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Metabolic and gut microbiome changes following GLP-1 or dual GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor agonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15582. [PMID: 31666597 PMCID: PMC6821799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine L-cell derived peptide hormones, notably glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), have become important targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity and intestinal diseases. As gut microbial imbalances and maladaptive host responses have been implicated in the pathology of obesity and diabetes, this study aimed to determine the effects of pharmacologically stimulated GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor function on the gut microbiome composition in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. DIO mice received treatment with a selective GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide, 0.2 mg/kg, BID) or dual GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor agonist (GUB09–145, 0.04 mg/kg, BID) for 4 weeks. Both compounds suppressed caloric intake, promoted a marked weight loss, improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. 16S rDNA sequencing and deep-sequencing shotgun metagenomics was applied for comprehensive within-subject profiling of changes in gut microbiome signatures. Compared to baseline, DIO mice assumed phylogenetically similar gut bacterial compositional changes following liraglutide and GUB09-145 treatment, characterized by discrete shifts in low-abundant species and related bacterial metabolic pathways. The microbiome alterations may potentially associate to the converging biological actions of GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor signaling on caloric intake, glucose metabolism and lipid handling.
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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