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Reardon-Robinson ME, Nguyen MT, Sanchez BC, Osipiuk J, Rückert C, Chang C, Chen B, Nagvekar R, Joachimiak A, Tauch A, Das A, Ton-That H. A cryptic oxidoreductase safeguards oxidative protein folding in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208675120. [PMID: 36787356 PMCID: PMC9974433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208675120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In many gram-positive Actinobacteria, including Actinomyces oris and Corynebacterium matruchotii, the conserved thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase MdbA that catalyzes oxidative folding of exported proteins is essential for bacterial viability by an unidentified mechanism. Intriguingly, in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the deletion of mdbA blocks cell growth only at 37 °C but not at 30 °C, suggesting the presence of alternative oxidoreductase enzyme(s). By isolating spontaneous thermotolerant revertants of the mdbA mutant at 37 °C, we obtained genetic suppressors, all mapped to a single T-to-G mutation within the promoter region of tsdA, causing its elevated expression. Strikingly, increased expression of tsdA-via suppressor mutations or a constitutive promoter-rescues the pilus assembly and toxin production defects of this mutant, hence compensating for the loss of mdbA. Structural, genetic, and biochemical analyses demonstrated TsdA is a membrane-tethered thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase with a conserved CxxC motif that can substitute for MdbA in mediating oxidative folding of pilin and toxin substrates. Together with our observation that tsdA expression is upregulated at nonpermissive temperature (40 °C) in wild-type cells, we posit that TsdA has evolved as a compensatory thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that safeguards oxidative protein folding in C. diphtheriae against thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Reardon-Robinson
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX77030
| | - Minh Tan Nguyen
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Belkys C. Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Jerzy Osipiuk
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Christian Rückert
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX77030
| | - Rahul Nagvekar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX77030
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Andreas Tauch
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Asis Das
- Department of Medicine, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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YihE is a novel binding partner of Rho and regulates Rho-dependent transcription termination in the Cpx stress response. iScience 2022; 25:105483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Identification of Redox Partners of the Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase SdbA in Streptococcus gordonii. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00030-19. [PMID: 30804044 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00030-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, SdbA, in Streptococcus gordonii that formed disulfide bonds in substrate proteins and played a role in multiple phenotypes. In this study, we used mutational, phenotypic, and biochemical approaches to identify and characterize the redox partners of SdbA. Unexpectedly, the results showed that SdbA has multiple redox partners, forming a complex oxidative protein-folding pathway. The primary redox partners of SdbA that maintain its active site in an oxidized state are a surface-exposed thioredoxin family lipoprotein called SdbB (Sgo_1171) and an integral membrane protein annotated as CcdA2. Inactivation of sdbB and ccdA2 simultaneously, but not individually, recapitulated the sdbA mutant phenotype. The sdbB-ccdA2 mutant had defects in a range of cellular processes, including autolysis, bacteriocin production, genetic competence, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release. AtlS, the natural substrate of SdbA produced by the sdbB-ccdA2 mutant lacked activity and an intramolecular disulfide bond. The redox state of SdbA in the sdbB-ccdA2 mutant was found to be in a reduced form and was restored when sdbB and ccdA2 were knocked back into the mutant. In addition, we showed that SdbB formed a disulfide-linked complex with SdbA in the cell. Recombinant SdbB and CcdA2 exhibited oxidase activity and reoxidized reduced SdbA in vitro Collectively, our results demonstrate that S. gordonii uses multiple redox partners for oxidative protein folding.IMPORTANCE Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal bacterium of the human dental plaque. Previously, we identified an enzyme, SdbA, that forms disulfide bonds in substrate proteins and plays a role in a number of cellular processes in S. gordonii Here, we identified the redox partners of SdbA. We showed that SdbA has multiple redox partners, SdbB and CcdA2, forming a complex oxidative protein-folding pathway. This pathway is essential for autolysis, bacteriocin production, genetic competence, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release in S. gordonii These cellular processes are considered to be important for the success of S. gordonii as a dental plaque organism. This is the first example of an oxidative protein-folding pathway in Gram-positive bacteria that consists of an enzyme that uses multiple redox partners to function.
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Argudín MA, Hoefer A, Butaye P. Heavy metal resistance in bacteria from animals. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:132-147. [PMID: 30502728 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to metals and antimicrobials is a natural phenomenon that existed long before humans started to use these products for veterinary and human medicine. Bacteria carry diverse metal resistance genes, often harboured alongside antimicrobial resistance genes on plasmids or other mobile genetic elements. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about metal resistance genes in bacteria and we discuss their current use in the animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Argudín
- National Reference Centre - Staphylococcus aureus, Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Hoefer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, PO Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - P Butaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, PO Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium..
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Lee SF, Davey L. Disulfide Bonds: A Key Modification in Bacterial Extracytoplasmic Proteins. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1465-1473. [PMID: 28797211 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517725059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are a common posttranslational modification that contributes to the folding and stability of extracytoplasmic proteins. Almost all organisms, from eukaryotes to prokaryotes, have evolved enzymes to make and break these bonds. Accurate and efficient disulfide bond formation can be vital for protein function; therefore, the enzymes that catalyze disulfide bond formation are involved in multiple biological processes. Recent advances clearly show that oral bacteria also have the ability to from disulfide bonds, and this ability has an effect on a range of dental plaque-related phenotypes. In the gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii, the ability to form disulfide bonds affected autolysis, extracellular DNA release, biofilm formation, genetic competence, and bacteriocin production. In Actinomyces oris, disulfide bond formation is needed for pilus assembly, coaggregation, and biofilm formation. In other gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis, disulfide bonds are formed in secreted bacteriocins and required for activity. In these oral bacteria, the enzymes that catalyze the disulfide bonds are quite diverse and share little sequence homology, but all contain a CXXC catalytic active site motif and a conserved C-terminal cis-proline, signature features of a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase. Emerging evidence also indicates that gram-negative oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, use disulfide bonds to stabilize their outer membrane porin proteins. Bioinformatic screens reveal that these gram-negative bacteria carry genes coding for thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases in their genomes. In conclusion, disulfide bond formation in oral bacteria is an emerging field, and the ability to form disulfide bonds plays an important role in dental plaque formation and fitness for the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Lee
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,2 Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,4 Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - L Davey
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,2 Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Current address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Davey L, Halperin SA, Lee SF. Thiol-Disulfide Exchange in Gram-Positive Firmicutes. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:902-915. [PMID: 27426970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracytoplasmic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (TDORs) catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds. Although these processes have been characterized in Gram-negative bacteria, the majority of Gram-positive TDORs have only recently been discovered. Results from recent studies have revealed distinct trends in the types of TDOR used by different groups of Gram-positive bacteria, and in their biological functions. Actinobacteria TDORs can be essential for viability, while Firmicute TDORs influence various physiological processes, including protein stability, oxidative stress resistance, bacteriocin production, and virulence. In this review we discuss the diverse extracytoplasmic TDORs used by Gram-positive bacteria, with a focus on Gram-positive Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Davey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5 Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8 Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5 Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8 Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8 Canada
| | - Song F Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5 Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8 Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8 Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 Canada.
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