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Kirthivasan N, Cyster JG. Lymphoid tissue on the mind. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:325-326. [PMID: 38637201 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To surveil an organ for pathogens, lymphoid structures need to sample antigens locally. The full set of lymphoid structures involved in surveilling for brain-tropic pathogens has not been defined. Through comprehensive imaging of the mouse meninges, a new study by Fitzpatrick et al. describes dural-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) and its contribution to humoral responses following intranasal viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhita Kirthivasan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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2
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Chen S, Wang K, Wang H, Gao Y, Nie K, Jiang X, Su H, Tang Y, Lu F, Dong H, Wang Z. The therapeutic effects of saikosaponins on depression through the modulation of neuroplasticity: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107090. [PMID: 38309381 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a major global health issue that urgently requires innovative and precise treatment options. In this context, saikosaponin has emerged as a promising candidate, offering a variety of therapeutic benefits that may be effective in combating depression. This review delves into the multifaceted potential of saikosaponins in alleviating depressive symptoms. We summarized the effects of saikosaponins on structural and functional neuroplasticity, elaborated the regulatory mechanism of saikosaponins in modulating key factors that affect neuroplasticity, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the brain-gut axis. Moreover, this paper highlights existing gaps in current researches and outlines directions for future studies. A detailed plan is provided for the future clinical application of saikosaponins, advocating for more targeted researches to speed up its transition from preclinical trials to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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3
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Abbaoui A, Fatoba O, Yamashita T. Meningeal T cells function in the central nervous system homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1181071. [PMID: 37608988 PMCID: PMC10440440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1181071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity is a complex immune environment housing different types of immune cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect of neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that meningeal T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. This review highlights how meningeal T cells may contribute to immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulate neurobehavioral functions through the secretion of cytokines. Overall, this review assesses the recent knowledge of meningeal T cells and their effects on CNS functioning in both health and disease conditions and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Wannemacher R, Reiß A, Rohn K, Lühder F, Flügel A, Baumgärtner W, Hülskötter K. Ovalbumin-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells contribute to different susceptibility for Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus persistence. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194842. [PMID: 37292191 PMCID: PMC10244668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is the causative agent of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD); a well-established animal model for the chronic progressive form of human multiple sclerosis (MS). In susceptible mice with an inadequate immune response, TMEV-IDD is triggered by virus persistence and maintained by a T cell mediated immunopathology. OT-mice are bred on a TMEV-resistant C57BL/6 background and own predominantly chicken ovalbumin (OVA)-specific populations of CD8+ T cells (OT-I) or CD4+ T cells (OT-II), respectively. It is hypothesized that the lack of antigen specific T cell populations increases susceptibility for a TMEV-infection in OT-mice on a TMEV-resistant C57BL/6 background. OT-I, OT-II, and C57BL/6 control mice were infected intracerebrally with the TMEV-BeAn strain. Mice were scored weekly for clinical disease and after necropsy, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed. OT-I mice started to develop progressive motor dysfunction between 7 and 21 days post infection (dpi), leading up to hind limb paresis and critical weight loss, which resulted in euthanasia for humane reasons between 14 and 35 dpi. OT-I mice displayed a high cerebral virus load, an almost complete absence of CD8+ T cells from the central nervous system (CNS) and a significantly diminished CD4+ T cell response. Contrarily, only 60% (12 of 20) of infected OT-II mice developed clinical disease characterized by mild ataxia. 25% of clinically affected OT-II mice (3 of 12) made a full recovery. 5 of 12 OT-II mice with clinical disease developed severe motor dysfunction similar to OT-I mice and were euthanized for humane reasons between 13 and 37 dpi. OT-II mice displayed only low virus-immunoreactivity, but clinical disease correlated well with severely reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the increased presence of CD4+ T cells in the brains of OT-II mice. Though further studies are needed to reveal the underlying pathomechanisms following TMEV infection in OT mice, findings indicate an immunopathological process as a main contributor to clinical disease in OT-II mice, while a direct virus-associated pathology may be the main contributor to clinical disease in TMEV-infected OT-I mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Wannemacher
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Reiß
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Data Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hülskötter
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Grey matter volume and its association with cognitive impairment and peripheral cytokines in excited individuals with schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2618-2626. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Liu X, Jian C, Li M, Wei F, Liu H, Qin X. Microbiome-metabolomics deciphers the effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides on aged constipated rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:3993-4008. [PMID: 35315484 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constipation is an extremely common gastrointestinal disorder that severely affects the life quality of the elderly. As an edible food and therapeutic medicine, Cistanche deserticola (CD) has been widely used not only as food in daily life, but also as a medicine to treat constipation. As the main component in CD, polysaccharide shows great potentials in improving constipation in the elderly. In this study, 16S rRNA analysis and fecal metabolomics were applied to investigate the impacts of constipation in an aged rat model, as well as the regulatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of CD polysaccharide (CDPS). Firstly, a classic constipation model of aged rats was constructed. The behavioral indicators of the rats were analyzed, providing behavioral correlations at the macro level. Meanwhile, the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and CAT in serum samples of the rats were assessed. Additionally, the changes of gut microbiota, fecal metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways in the aged constipated rats were demonstrated. On top of this, inter-and inner-layer networks of "behavioral indicators - intestinal bacteria - metabolites" were constructed to visually demonstrate the relationships among differential indicators. We found that CDPS significantly regulated the abnormalities of the behavioral indexes, the microbial richness and diversity, and the metabolite profiles that were induced by constipation in the aged rats. From the intestinal microbiological point of view, CDPS significantly increased the prevalence of beneficial bacteria while reducing the potentially pathogenic bacterial population. In terms of metabolomics, a total of 16 metabolites were finally identified as potential biomarkers of constipation in the aged rats. The mechanisms of CDPS were mainly involved in metabolic energy and the synthesis of amino acids. The current findings not only deepen our understanding about constipation in the elderly from the perspectives of microbiome and metabolomics, but also lay a solid foundation for the applications of polysaccharides in constipation in the elderly, the discovery of new medicines for constipation, and improving the life quality of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Huanle Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Tai Yuan, 030006, China
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7
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Pan P, Ma Z, Zhang Z, Ling Z, Wang Y, Liu Q, Lin X, Xu P, Yang D, Zhi H, Wang R, Zhang X. Acupuncture Can Regulate the Peripheral Immune Cell Spectrum and Inflammatory Environment of the Vascular Dementia Rat, and Improve the Cognitive Dysfunction of the Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:706834. [PMID: 34349636 PMCID: PMC8328226 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.706834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of acupuncture on peripheral immune function, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats. Methods In this study, 2-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (260-280 g) were assigned to the groups as follows: normal group (Gn, n = 10), sham-operated group (Gs, n = 10), and operated group (Go, n = 45). The Go group was established by permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Two months after operation, the operated rats were screened by hidden platform trial and the rats with cognitive dysfunction were further randomly divided into impaired group (Gi), acupoint group (Ga), and non-acupoint group (Gna) with 10 rats in each group. The Ga group was given acupuncture treatment for 14 days with a rest for every 7 days. After treatment, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats. The lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and spleen of rats were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines [i.e., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ)], chemokines (i.e., macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), and other inflammatory mediators (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in peripheral blood and hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the Gn group, the Gi rats presented long escape latencies to find the platform. After acupuncture treatment, the escape latencies of the Ga group were rescued markedly when compared with the Gi group (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in both spleen and peripheral blood in the Ga group increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with the Gi group. There is an obvious reduction in IL-1β (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.01), INF-γ (P < 0.01), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), and iNOS (P < 0.01), coming along with the increased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) in the Ga group when compared with the Gi group. In addition, the hippocampus proinflammatory factors IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-2 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), INF-γ (P < 0.05), MIP-2 (P < 0.05), iNOS (P < 0.01), and COX-2 decreased in the Ga group, whereas the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.01) increased. Conclusion There are abnormal immune function and peripheral inflammation in VD rats. Acupuncture can regulate the peripheral immune function and inflammation of the VD rats and can improve the cognitive dysfunction of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhinan Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ling
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immune Regulation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Runmin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuezhu Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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8
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Sarno E, Moeser AJ, Robison AJ. Neuroimmunology of depression. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:259-292. [PMID: 34099111 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the global burden of disease, yet the cellular and molecular etiology of depression remain largely unknown. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with a variety of chronic physical inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and mood disorders may act synergistically with other medical disorders to worsen patient outcomes. Here, we outline the neuroimmune complement, explore the evidence for altered immune system function in MDD, and present some of the potential mechanisms by which immune cells and molecules may drive the onset and course of MDD. These include pro-inflammatory signaling, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysregulation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems, neuroinflammation, and meningeal immune dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the interactions between current antidepressants and the immune system and propose the possibility of immunomodulatory drugs as potential novel antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Sarno
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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9
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Yu JS, Huang T, Zhang Y, Mao XT, Huang LJ, Li YN, Wu TT, Zhong JY, Cao Q, Li YY, Jin J. Substrate-specific recognition of IKKs mediated by USP16 facilitates autoimmune inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabc4009. [PMID: 33523871 PMCID: PMC7806237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The classic NF-κB pathway plays crucial roles in various immune responses and inflammatory diseases. Its key kinase, IKKβ, participates in a variety of pathological and physiological processes by selectively recognizing its downstream substrates, including p105, p65, and IκBα, but the specific mechanisms of these substrates are unclear. Hyperactivation of one of the substrates, p105, is closely related to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Nfkb1-deficient mice. In this study, we found that IKKβ ubiquitination on lysine-238 was substantially increased during inflammation. Using mass spectrometry, we identified USP16 as an essential regulator of the IKKβ ubiquitination level that selectively affected p105 phosphorylation without directly affecting p65 or IκBα phosphorylation. Furthermore, USP16 was highly expressed in colon macrophages in patients with IBD, and myeloid-conditional USP16-knockout mice exhibited reduced IBD severity. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for IBD pathogenesis and targeted precision intervention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shuai Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xin-Tao Mao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling-Jie Huang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yi-Ning Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jiang-Yan Zhong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation accelerates pterostilbene-induced cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:418. [PMID: 31138785 PMCID: PMC6538697 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the most common cancers worldwide. Because the side effects of current treatments are severe, new effective therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Pterostilbene (PT), a natural analogue of resveratrol, has diverse pharmacologic activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Here we demonstrated that PT inhibits HCC cell growth without the induction of apoptosis in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and autophagy-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies indicated that the combination of salubrinal and PT modulates ER stress-related autophagy through the phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor-4/LC3 pathway, leading to a further inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation and the potentiation of cell death. An in vivo xenograft analysis revealed that PT significantly reduced tumour growth in mice with a SK-Hep-1 tumour xenograft. Taken together, our results yield novel insights into the pivotal roles of PT in ER stress- and autophagy-dependent cell death in HCC cells.
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11
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Rua R, McGavern DB. Advances in Meningeal Immunity. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:542-559. [PMID: 29731353 PMCID: PMC6044730 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically specialized tissue protected by a blood-brain barrier. The CNS parenchyma is enveloped by a series of overlapping membranes that are collectively referred to as the meninges. The meninges provide an additional CNS barrier, harbor a diverse array of resident immune cells, and serve as a crucial interface with the periphery. Recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of meningeal immunity, demonstrating how a complex immune landscape influences CNS functions under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. The location and activation state of meningeal immune cells can profoundly influence CNS homeostasis and contribute to neurological disorders, but these cells are also well equipped to protect the CNS from pathogens. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the meningeal immune repertoire and provide insights into how this CNS barrier operates immunologically under conditions ranging from neurocognition to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Rua
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Wang GY, Taylor T, Sumich A, Merien F, Borotkanics R, Wrapson W, Krägeloh C, Siegert RJ. Associations between immunological function and memory recall in healthy adults. Brain Cogn 2017; 119:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Song EJ, Jeon SG, Kim KA, Kim JI, Moon M. Restricted CD4+ T cell receptor repertoire impairs cognitive function via alteration of Th2 cytokine levels. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1256856. [PMID: 28229084 PMCID: PMC5268764 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1256856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effects of CD4+ T cell dysfunction on cognitive and behavioral impairment are well established, the effects of Th2 cytokines on the adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in restricted CD4+ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire model have not been fully elucidate. We found that mice with restricted CD4+ repertoire TCR showed decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis using OT-II mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that OT-II mice showed increased Th2 cytokine levels in peripheral organs and IL-4 levels in brain. Taken together, altered Th2 cytokine levels may impact learning and memory via impaired adult neurogenesis in restricted CD4+ repertoire TCR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University , Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lyon DE, Cohen R, Chen H, Kelly DL, McCain NL, Starkweather A, Ahn H, Sturgill J, Jackson-Cook CK. Relationship of systemic cytokine concentrations to cognitive function over two years in women with early stage breast cancer. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 301:74-82. [PMID: 27890459 PMCID: PMC5181109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and its treatment are frequently associated with cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). While CRCI has been associated with linked to chemotherapy, there is increasing evidence that the condition may start prior to treatment and for some, remain unresolved after active treatment and into survivorship. Although the pathophysiology of the condition is complex, alterations in systemic cytokines, signaling molecules activated in response to infection or injury that trigger inflammation, are a possible mechanism linked to cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer and other conditions. Given the conflicting results in the literature, the lack of focus on domain specific cognitive testing, and the need for a longer time period given the multiple modalities of standard treatments for early-stage breast cancer, this longitudinal study was conducted to address these gaps. METHODS We assessed 75 women with early-stage breast cancer at five points over two years, starting prior to the initial chemotherapy through 24months after chemotherapy initiation. Measures included a validated computerized evaluation of domain-specific cognitive functioning and a 17-plex panel of plasma cytokines. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to test the relationships of clinical variables and cytokine concentrations to each cognitive domain. RESULTS Levels and patterns of cytokine concentrations varied over time: six of the 17 cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, G-CSF, MIPS-1β, and MCP-1) had the most variability. Some cytokine levels (e.g., IL-6) increased during chemotherapy but then decreased subsequently, while others (e.g., IL-17) consistently declined from baseline over time. There were multiple relationships among cytokines and cognition, which varied over time. At baseline, elevated concentrations of G-CSF and reduced concentrations of IL-17 were associated with faster psychomotor speed. At the second time-point (prior to the mid-chemotherapy), multiple cytokines had significant associations with psychomotor speed, complex attention, executive function, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, composite memory and visual memory. Six months after chemotherapy initiation and at the one-year point, there were multiple, significant relationships among cytokines and multiple cognitive. At two years, fewer significant relationships were noted; however, lower concentrations of IL-7, a hematopoietic cytokine, were associated with better psychomotor speed, complex attention, and memory (composite, verbal and visual). MCP-1 was inversely associated with psychomotor speed and complex attention and higher levels of MIP-1β were related to better complex attention. CONCLUSION Levels and patterns of cytokines changed over time and demonstrated associations with domain-specific cognitive functioning that varied over time. The observed associations between cytokines and cognitive performance provides evidence that not only prototypical cytokines (i.e., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL1-β) but also cytokines from multiple classes may contribute to the inflammatory environment that is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Future studies to better delineate the cytokine changes, both individually and in networks, are needed to precisely assess a mechanistic link between cytokines and cognitive function in women receiving treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra E Lyon
- University of Florida, College of Nursing, United States.
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Institute on Aging, United States.
| | - Huaihou Chen
- College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States.
| | - Debra L Kelly
- University of Florida, College of Nursing, United States.
| | - Nancy L McCain
- Adult Health and Nursing Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
| | - Angela Starkweather
- Center for Advancement in Managing Pain, University of Connecticut, School of Nursing, United States.
| | - Hyochol Ahn
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Jamie Sturgill
- Biobehavioral Laboratory Services, Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
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