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Quevarec L, Réale D, Dufourcq-Sekatcheff E, Armant O, Adam-Guillermin C, Bonzom JM. Ionizing radiation affects the demography and the evolution of Caenorhabditis elegans populations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114353. [PMID: 36516628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can reduce survival, reproduction and affect development, and lead to the extinction of populations if their evolutionary response is insufficient. However, demographic and evolutionary studies on the effects of ionizing radiation are still scarce. Using an experimental evolution approach, we analyzed population growth rate and associated change in life history traits across generations in Caenorhabditis elegans populations exposed to 0, 1.4, and 50.0 mGy.h-1 of ionizing radiation (gamma external irradiation). We found a higher population growth rate in the 1.4 mGy.h-1 treatment and a lower in the 50.0 mGy.h-1 treatment compared to the control. Realized fecundity was lower in both 1.4 and 50.0 mGy.h-1 than control treatment. High irradiation levels decreased brood size from self-fertilized hermaphrodites, specifically early brood size. Finally, high irradiation levels decreased hatching success compared to the control condition. In reciprocal-transplant experiments, we found that life in low irradiation conditions led to the evolution of higher hatching success and late brood size. These changes could provide better tolerance against ionizing radiation, investing more in self-maintenance than in reproduction. These evolutionary changes were with some costs of adaptation. This study shows that ionizing radiation has both demographic and evolutionary consequences on populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Quevarec
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dufourcq-Sekatcheff
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
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Nishio T, Kishi R, Sato K, Sato K. Blue light exposure enhances oxidative stress, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis signaling in B16F1 melanoma cells. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Naranjo-Galindo FJ, Ai R, Fang EF, Nilsen HL, SenGupta T. C. elegans as an Animal Model to Study the Intersection of DNA Repair, Aging and Neurodegeneration. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:916118. [PMID: 35821838 PMCID: PMC9261396 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.916118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction as a genetic model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans has yielded insights into the causes of aging. In addition, it has provided a molecular understanding of mechanisms of neurodegeneration, one of the devastating effects of aging. However, C. elegans has been less popular as an animal model to investigate DNA repair and genomic instability, which is a major hallmark of aging and also a cause of many rare neurological disorders. This article provides an overview of DNA repair pathways in C. elegans and the impact of DNA repair on aging hallmarks, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere maintenance, and autophagy. In addition, we discuss how the combination of biological characteristics, new technical tools, and the potential of following precise phenotypic assays through a natural life-course make C. elegans an ideal model organism to study how DNA repair impact neurodegeneration in models of common age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Naranjo-Galindo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Loge Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Hilde Loge Nilsen, ; Tanima SenGupta,
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- *Correspondence: Hilde Loge Nilsen, ; Tanima SenGupta,
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Bai MJ, Liu NZ, Zhou YL, Liu J, Zou J, Tan WJ, Huang XT, Mei WJ. Synthesis of Fluorinated Imidazole[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis via DNA Damage. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100537. [PMID: 34713586 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthroline derivatives containing fluorinated imidazole ring are effective anti-neoplastic agents. Herein, a series of four fluorinated imidazole[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives were synthesized and investigated as potential inhibitors to fight against the growth of liver cancer cells. The in vitro antitumor activity of targeted compounds have been evaluated by using MTT assay, and results showed that compound 4 (2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) exhibited excellent inhibitory effect against the growth of various tumor cells, particularly for HepG2 cells, with IC50 value of approximately 0.29 μM. This result has been further confirmed by colony formation assay, showing that compound 4 suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Moreover, cell apoptosis (AO/PI dual staining and flow cytometry) analyses as well as comet assay showed that compound 4 may induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through triggering DNA damage. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-tumor activity were evaluated on zebrafish bearing HepG2 cells showed that compound 4 can observably block the growth of liver cancer cells. All in together, these compounds, particularly compound 4, may be developed as a potential agent to treat liver cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Bai
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510430, China
| | - Ning-Zhi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510430, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510430, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-Jun Tan
- School of Food, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Centre for Molecular Probe and Bio-Medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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5
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Marchal L, Hamsanathan S, Karthikappallil R, Han S, Shinglot H, Gurkar AU. Analysis of representative mutants for key DNA repair pathways on healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111573. [PMID: 34562508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the link between DNA damage and aging is well accepted, the role of different DNA repair proteins on functional/physiological aging is not well-defined. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we systematically examined the effect of three DNA repair genes involved in key genome stability pathways. We assayed multiple health proxies including molecular, functional and resilience measures to define healthspan. Loss of XPF-1/ERCC-1, a protein involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR) and interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair, showed the highest impairment of functional and stress resilience measures along with a shortened lifespan. brc-1 mutants, with a well-defined role in HR and ICL are short-lived and highly sensitive to acute stressors, specifically oxidative stress. In contrast, ICL mutant, fcd-2 did not impact lifespan or most healthspan measures. Our efforts also uncover that DNA repair mutants show high sensitivity to oxidative stress with age, suggesting that this measure could act as a primary proxy for healthspan. Together, these data suggest that impairment of multiple DNA repair genes can drive functional/physiological aging. Further studies to examine specific DNA repair genes in a tissue specific manner will help dissect the importance and mechanistic role of these repair systems in biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marchal
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Shruthi Hamsanathan
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Roshan Karthikappallil
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suhao Han
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Himaly Shinglot
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Dr, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Kaufmann Medical Building Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centre, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
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Nicolai MM, Witt B, Hartwig A, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. A fast and reliable method for monitoring genomic instability in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3417-3424. [PMID: 34458933 PMCID: PMC8448691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genotoxic agents and their potential for genotoxic alterations in an organism is crucial for risk assessment and approval procedures of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Classically, testing strategies for DNA or chromosomal damage focus on in vitro and in vivo (mainly rodent) investigations. In cell culture systems, the alkaline unwinding (AU) assay is one of the well-established methods for detecting the percentage of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). By establishing a reliable lysis protocol, and further optimization of the AU assay for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we provided a new tool for genotoxicity testing in the niche between in vitro and rodent experiments. The method is intended to complement existing testing strategies by a multicellular organism, which allows higher predictability of genotoxic potential compared to in vitro cell line or bacterial investigations, before utilizing in vivo (rodent) investigations. This also allows working within the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments), by reducing and possibly replacing animal testing. Validation with known genotoxic agents (bleomycin (BLM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)) proved the method to be meaningful, reproducible, and feasible for high-throughput genotoxicity testing, and especially preliminary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Marie Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany
| | - Barbara Witt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Brandenburg, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, NRW, Germany. .,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
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Gartner A, Engebrecht J. DNA repair, recombination, and damage signaling. Genetics 2021; 220:6522877. [PMID: 35137093 PMCID: PMC9097270 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
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8
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Luo T, Yu Q, Zou H, Zhao H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Bian J, Liu Z. Role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cadmium-induced cellular DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114149. [PMID: 32078880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern industry, the problem of cadmium (Cd) pollution cannot be ignored and its toxicity has caused great personal injury to humans. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is a research hotspot in recent years, the research we have published shows that 5 μM of Cd-treated NRK-52E cells activated PARP-1, but the specific effects of PARP-1 on DNA damage and cell cycle is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of Cd on DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in NRK-52E cells, in addition, to investigate the role of PARP-1 in mediating this effect. Western blotting, comet assay, QRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect DNA damage and cell cycle-associated protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distribution and the apoptosis rates. Results showed that after the increase in treatment time and Cd concentration, the degree of DNA damage was significantly increased, and a transition from G0/G1 to S phase arrest was observed. In addition, inhibition of PARP-1 expression exacerbated cell damage and cell cycle arrest when DNA damage was low, but attenuated cell damage and even cell cycle arrest when DNA damage was severe. These findings in this study indicate that Cd causes DNA damage in NRK-52E cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at different phases depending on the degree of DNA damage. Moreover, PARP-1 plays an important role in mediating this effect, when DNA damage is low, it functions in DNA repair, however, when DNA damage is severe, it aggravates cell damage and induces cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.
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Li H, Cui Y, Li F, Shi W, Gao W, Wang X, Zeng Q. Measuring the lactate-to-creatine ratio via 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to noninvasively evaluate apoptosis in glioma cells after X-ray irradiation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:27. [PMID: 29946338 PMCID: PMC6003206 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is among the commonly applied treatment options for glioma, which is one of the most common types of primary brain tumor. To evaluate the effect of radiotherapy noninvasively, it is vital for oncologists to monitor the effects of X-ray irradiation on glioma cells. Preliminary research had showed that PKC-ι expression correlates with tumor cell apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. It is also believed that the lactate-to-creatine (Lac/Cr) ratio can be used as a biomarker to evaluate apoptosis in glioma cells after X-ray irradiation. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between the Lac/Cr ratio, apoptotic rate, and protein kinase C iota (PKC-ι) expression in glioma cells. METHODS Cells of the glioma cell lines C6 and U251 were randomly divided into 4 groups, with every group exposed to X-ray irradiation at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 Gy. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was conducted to evaluate the DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell cycle blockage and apoptotic rates. Western blot analysis was used to detect the phosphorylated PKC-ι (p-PKC-ι) level. 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to determine the Lac/Cr ratio. RESULTS The DNA damage increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). With the increase in X-ray irradiation, the apoptotic rate also increased (C6, p < 0.01; U251, p < 0.05), and the p-PKC-ι level decreased (C6, p < 0.01; U251, p < 0.05). The p-PKC-ι level negatively correlated with apoptosis, whereas the Lac/Cr ratio positively correlated with the p-PKC-ι level. CONCLUSION The Lac/Cr ratio decreases with an increase in X-ray irradiation and thus can be used as a biomarker to reflect the effects of X-ray irradiation in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Qingshi Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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Riedinger C, Mendler M, Schlotterer A, Fleming T, Okun J, Hammes HP, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. High-glucose toxicity is mediated by AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase and mitigated by AMP-activated protein kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4845-4859. [PMID: 29414769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) catalyzes the last two steps of purine de novo synthesis. It metabolizes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which is an AMP analogue, leading to activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). We investigated whether the AICAR-ATIC pathway plays a role in the high glucose (HG)-mediated DNA damage response and AICAR-mediated AMPK activation, explaining the detrimental effects of glucose on neuronal damage and shortening of the lifespan. HG up-regulated the expression and activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of ATIC, C55F2.1 (atic-1), and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products. Overexpression of atic-1 decreased the lifespan and head motility and increased neuronal damage under both standard and HG conditions. Inhibition of atic-1 expression, by RNAi, under HG was associated with increased lifespan and head motility and reduced neuronal damage, reactive oxygen species, and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end product accumulation. This effect was independent of an effect on DNA damage or antioxidant defense pathways, such as superoxide dismutase (sod-3) or glyoxalase-1 (glod-4), but was dependent on AMPK and accumulation of AICAR. Through AMPK, AICAR treatment also reduced the negative effects of HG. The mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone abolished the AICAR/AMPK-induced amelioration of HG effects, pointing to mitochondria as a prime target of the glucotoxic effects in C. elegans We conclude that atic-1 is involved in glucotoxic effects under HG conditions, either by blocked atic-1 expression or via AICAR and AMPK induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riedinger
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mendler
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Okun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dietmar Hopp Metabolism Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- V. Medical Hospital, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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11
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Caenorhabditis elegans as a powerful alternative model organism to promote research in genetic toxicology and biomedicine. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2029-2044. [PMID: 28299394 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In view of increased life expectancy the risk for disturbed integrity of genetic information increases. This inevitably holds the implication for higher incidence of age-related diseases leading to considerable cost increase in health care systems. To develop preventive strategies it is crucial to evaluate external and internal noxae as possible threats to our DNA. Especially the interplay of DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair (DR) mechanisms needs further deciphering. Moreover, there is a distinct need for alternative in vivo test systems for basic research and also risk assessment in toxicology. Especially the evaluation of combinational toxicity of environmentally present genotoxins and adverse effects of clinically used DNA damaging anticancer drugs is a major challenge for modern toxicology. This review focuses on the applicability of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to unravel and tackle scientific questions related to the biological consequences of genotoxin exposure and highlights methods for studying DDR and DR. In this regard large-scale in vivo screens of mixtures of chemicals and extensive parallel sequencing are highlighted as unique advantages of C. elegans. In addition, concise information regarding evolutionary conserved molecular mechanisms of the DDR and DR as well as currently available data obtained from the use of prototypical genotoxins and preferential read-outs of genotoxin testing are discussed. The use of established protocols, which are already available in the community, is encouraged to facilitate and further improve the implementation of C. elegans as a powerful genetic model system in genetic toxicology and biomedicine.
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Li H, Xu Y, Shi W, Li F, Zeng Q, Yi C. Assessment of alterations in X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage of glioma cells by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 84:109-118. [PMID: 28122253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors. DNA damage is closely associated with glioma cell apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Alterations of metabolites in glioma can be detected noninvasively by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. To noninvasively explore the micro mechanism in X-ray irradiation-induced apoptosis, the relationship between metabolites and DNA damage in glioma cells was investigated. Three glioma cell lines (C6, U87 and U251) were randomly designated as control (0Gy) and treatment groups (1, 5, 10, 15Gy). After X-ray exposure, each group was separated into four parts: (i) to detect metabolites by 1H NMR spectroscopy; (ii) to make cell colonies; (iii) to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry; and (iv) to measure DNA damage by comet assay. The metabolite ratios of lactate/creatine and succinate/creatine decreased (lactate/creatine: C6, 22.17-66.27%; U87, 15.93-44.56%; U251, 26.27-74.48%. succinate/creatine: C6, 14.41-48.35%; U87, 22.03-70.62%; U251, 17.33-60.06%) and choline/creatine increased (C6, 52.22-389.68%; U87, 56.15-82.36%; U251, 31.87-278.62%) in the treatment groups compared with the control group (each P<0.05), which linearly depended on DNA damage. An increasing dose of X-ray irradiation increased numbers of apoptotic cells (P<0.01), and the DNA damage parameters were dose-dependent (P<0.05). The colony-forming rate declined (P<0.01) and the percentage of cells at G1 stage increased when exposed to 1Gy X-ray (three cell lines, P<0.05). Metabolite alterations detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine DNA damage induced by X-ray irradiation. 1H NMR spectroscopy is a noninvasive method to predict DNA damage of glioma cell at the micro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshi Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Cui Yi
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang G, Gao X, Jiang L, Sun X, Liu X, Chen M, Yao X, Sun Q, Wang S. 6-Gingerol prevents MEHP-induced DNA damage in human umbilical vein endothelia cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:1177-1185. [PMID: 28988496 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116681650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the principal metabolite of di (2-etylhexyl) phthalate, which is widely used as a plasticizer, especially in medical devices. MEHP has toxic effects on cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that 6-gingerol may inhibit the oxidative DNA damage of MEHP in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanism. The comet assay was used to monitor DNA strand breaks. We have shown that 6-gingerol significantly reduced the DNA strand breaks caused by MEHP. MEHP increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, decreased the level of glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase, and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, DNA damage-associated proteins (p53 and p-Chk2 (T68)) were significantly increased by the treatment of MEHP. Those effects can all be protected by 6-gingerol. The results firmly indicate that 6-gingerol may have a strong protective ability against the DNA damage caused by MEHP in HUVECs, and the mechanism may relate to the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- 1 Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Gao
- 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - L Jiang
- 3 Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Sun
- 3 Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Liu
- 1 Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - M Chen
- 1 Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Yao
- 3 Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Q Sun
- 4 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Imanikia S, Galea F, Nagy E, Phillips DH, Stürzenbaum SR, Arlt VM. The application of the comet assay to assess the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:356-61. [PMID: 27389785 PMCID: PMC4962771 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a protocol for cell dissociation from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to assess the genotoxicity of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) using the alkaline version of the single cell electrophoresis assay (comet assay). BaP genotoxicity was assessed in C. elegans (wild-type [WT]; N2, Bristol) after 48h exposure (0-40μM). Induction of comets by BaP was concentration-dependent up to 20μM; comet% tail DNA was ∼30% at 20μM BaP and ∼10% in controls. Similarly, BaP-induced DNA damage was evaluated in C. elegans mutant strains deficient in DNA repair. In xpa-1 and apn-1 mutants BaP-induced comet formation was diminished to WT background levels suggesting that the damage formed by BaP that is detected in the comet assay is not recognised in cells deficient in nucleotide and base excision repair, respectively. In summary, our study provides a protocol to evaluate DNA damage of environmental pollutants in whole nematodes using the comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Galea
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
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