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Cho I, Song HO, Ji HE, Yang S, Cho JH. BAM15 Relieves Neurodegeneration in Aged Caenorhabditis elegans and Extends Lifespan. Metabolites 2022; 12:1129. [PMID: 36422268 PMCID: PMC9698188 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BAM15 was recently screened as a protonophore uncoupler specifically for the mitochondrial membrane but not the plasma membrane. It is equally as potent as FCCP, but less toxic. Previously, mitochondrial uncoupling via DNP alleviates neurodegeneration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans during aging. Therefore, we investigated whether BAM15 uncouplers could phenotypically and functionally reduce neuronal defects in aged nematodes. We observed green fluorescence protein-tagged mechanosensory neurons and performed touch and chemotaxis assays during aging. Wild-type animals treated with both 50 µM BAM15 and 10 µM DNP showed reduced mechanosensory neuronal defects during aging, which correlates with the maintenance of touch responses and short-term memory during aging. Uncoupler mutant ucp-4 also responded the same way as the wild-type, reducing neurodegeneration in 50 µM BAM15 and 10 µM DNP-treated animals compared to the DMSO control. These results suggest that 50 µM BAM15 alleviates neurodegeneration phenotypically and functionally in C. elegans during aging, potentially through mitochondrial uncoupling. In accordance with the preserved neuronal shape and function in aged C. elegans, 50 µM BAM15 extended the mean lifespan of both wild-type and ucp-4 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Song
- Department of Infection Biology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Ji
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xin N, Durieux J, Yang C, Wolff S, Kim HE, Dillin A. The UPRmt preserves mitochondrial import to extend lifespan. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202201071. [PMID: 35608535 PMCID: PMC9134095 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is dedicated to promoting mitochondrial proteostasis and is linked to extreme longevity. The key regulator of this process is the transcription factor ATFS-1, which, upon UPRmt activation, is excluded from the mitochondria and enters the nucleus to regulate UPRmt genes. However, the repair proteins synthesized as a direct result of UPRmt activation must be transported into damaged mitochondria that had previously excluded ATFS-1 owing to reduced import efficiency. To address this conundrum, we analyzed the role of the import machinery when the UPRmt was induced. Using in vitro and in vivo analysis of mitochondrial proteins, we surprisingly find that mitochondrial import increases when the UPRmt is activated in an ATFS-1-dependent manner, despite reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The import machinery is upregulated, and an intact import machinery is essential for UPRmt-mediated lifespan extension. ATFS-1 has a weak mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), allowing for dynamic subcellular localization during the initial stages of UPRmt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Integrated Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Integrated Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Suzanne Wolff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Hyun-Eui Kim
- Department of Integrated Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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3
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Mishra A, Mishra PS, Bandopadhyay R, Khurana N, Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C. Neuroprotective Potential of Chrysin: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:6456. [PMID: 34770864 PMCID: PMC8588021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin, a herbal bioactive molecule, exerts a plethora of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the emerging role of chrysin in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Based on the results of recent pre-clinical studies and evidence from studies in humans, this review is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of chrysin in different neurological diseases. In addition, the potential challenges, and opportunities of chrysin's inclusion in the neurotherapeutics repertoire are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Pragya Shakti Mishra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Navneet Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (R.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
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4
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Berry BJ, Nieves TO, Wojtovich AP. Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Activates the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34532702 PMCID: PMC8438586 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are ATP-producing organelles that also signal throughout the cell. Mitochondrial protein homeostasis is regulated through membrane potential-dependent protein import and quality control signaling. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a specific program that responds to imbalances in nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that the electrochemical gradient that powers mitochondrial function, the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), is a core regulator of the UPRmt. Here we tested this notion directly by pharmacologically dissipating Δψm and monitoring UPRmt activation. We found that chemical dissipation of Δψm using FCCP indeed activated UPRmt dose-dependently in C. elegans assayed by the HSP-60::GFP reporter strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Berry
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
| | - Tyrone O Nieves
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY, 14642 Box 711/604
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García-Casas P, Alvarez-Illera P, Gómez-Orte E, Cabello J, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. The Mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger Inhibitor CGP37157 Preserves Muscle Structure and Function to Increase Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695687. [PMID: 34211399 PMCID: PMC8241105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported recently that the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor CGP37157 extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by a mechanism involving mitochondria, the TOR pathway and the insulin/IGF1 pathway. Here we show that CGP37157 significantly improved the evolution with age of the sarcomeric regular structure, delaying development of sarcopenia in C. elegans body wall muscle and increasing the average and maximum speed of the worms. Similarly, CGP37157 favored the maintenance of a regular mitochondrial structure during aging. We have also investigated further the mechanism of the effect of CGP37157 by studying its effect in mutants of aak-1;aak-2/AMP-activated kinase, sir-2.1/sirtuin, rsks-1/S6 kinase and daf-16/FOXO. We found that this compound was still effective increasing lifespan in all these mutants, indicating that these pathways are not involved in the effect. We have then monitored pharynx cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling and our results suggest that CGP37157 is probably inhibiting not only the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, but also Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane. Finally, a transcriptomic study detected that CGP37157 induced changes in lipid metabolism enzymes and a four-fold increase in the expression of ncx-6, one of the C. elegans mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. In summary, CGP37157 increases both lifespan and healthspan by a mechanism involving changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, Ca2+ signalling could be a promising target to act on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva Gómez-Orte
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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Molecular Basis of Neuronal Autophagy in Ageing: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030694. [PMID: 33800981 PMCID: PMC8004021 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process maintaining cell homeostasis. Induction of autophagy is triggered as a response to a broad range of cellular stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, protein aggregation, organelle damage and pathogen invasion. Macroautophagy involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-membrane organelle referred to as the autophagosome with subsequent degradation of its contents upon delivery to lysosomes. Autophagy plays critical roles in development, maintenance and survival of distinct cell populations including neurons. Consequently, age-dependent decline in autophagy predisposes animals for age-related diseases including neurodegeneration and compromises healthspan and longevity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of neuronal autophagy in ageing, focusing on studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Cho I, Song H, Cho JH. Flavonoids mitigate neurodegeneration in aged Caenorhabditis elegans by mitochondrial uncoupling. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6633-6642. [PMID: 33312547 PMCID: PMC7723185 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of flavonoids has been shown to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease by their antioxidant effects. However, their low bioavailabilityin vivo raises the question of how much their antioxidant capacity actually contributes to the mitigating effects. The physicochemical properties of flavonoids suggest they could function as mitochondrial uncouplers. Moreover, mitochondrial uncoupling alleviated neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans during aging in previous research. Therefore, we investigated whether various flavonoids (fisetin, quercetin, apigenin, chrysin, catechin, and naringenin) could reduce neuronal defects by mitochondrial uncoupling in C. elegans. Both neuronal defects and mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced in aged worms in nearly all of the flavonoid treatments suggesting that flavonoids may reduce neurodegeneration in C. elegans. However, there was no significant reduction of neuronal defects in mitophagy-deficient pink-1/pdr-1 double mutants under flavonoid treatments. These results suggest that flavonoids could function as mitochondrial uncouplers to mitigate neurodegeneration in aged C. elegans, possibly via a PINK1/Parkin mitophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Cho
- Department of Biology EducationCollege of EducationChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyun‐Ok Song
- Department of Infection BiologyWonkwang University School of MedicineIksanJeonbukKorea
| | - Jeong Hoon Cho
- Department of Biology EducationCollege of EducationChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
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Jayarathne S, Ramalingam L, Edwards H, Vanapalli SA, Moustaid-Moussa N. Tart Cherry Increases Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by Altering Metabolic Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1482. [PMID: 32443669 PMCID: PMC7285199 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and healthspan are determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) pathway is a key mediator of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. Specifically, DAF-2 signaling, an ortholog of human IGF, controls DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, a master regulator of metabolism and longevity. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are both linked to aging. We propose that daily supplementation of tart cherry extract (TCE), rich in anthocyanins with antioxidant properties may exert dual benefits for mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, resulting in beneficial effects on aging in C. elegans. We found that TCE supplementation at 6 μg or 12 μg/mL, increased (p < 0.05) the mean lifespan of wild type N2 worms, respectively, when compared to untreated control worms. Consistent with these findings, TCE upregulated (p < 0.05) expression of longevity-related genes such as daf-16 and aak-2 (but not daf-2 or akt-1 genes) and genes related to oxidative stress such as sod-2. Further, we showed that TCE supplementation increased spare respiration in N2 worms. However, TCE did not change the mean lifespan of daf-16 and aak-2 mutant worms. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TCE confers healthspan benefits in C. elegans through enhanced mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress, mainly via the DAF-16 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasika Jayarathne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.J.); (L.R.)
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.J.); (L.R.)
| | - Hunter Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.E.); (S.A.V.)
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.E.); (S.A.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.J.); (L.R.)
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Hartman JH, Gonzalez-Hunt C, Hall SM, Ryde IT, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Meyer JN. Genetic Defects in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans Impact Ultraviolet C Radiation- and 6-hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133202. [PMID: 31261893 PMCID: PMC6651461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders involving devastating loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Early steps in PD pathogenesis include mitochondrial dysfunction, and mutations in mitochondrial genes have been linked to familial forms of the disease. However, low penetrance of mutations indicates a likely important role for environmental factors in PD risk through gene by environment interactions. Herein, we study how genetic deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics processes including fission, fusion, and mitophagy interact with environmental exposures to impact neurodegeneration. Methods: We utilized the powerful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to study ultraviolet C radiation (UVC)- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of fluorescently-tagged dopaminergic neurons in the background of fusion deficiency (MFN1/2 homolog, fzo-1), fission deficiency (DMN1L homolog, drp-1), and mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) deficiency (PINK1 and PRKN homologs, pink-1 and pdr-1). Results: Overall, we found that deficiency in either mitochondrial fusion or fission sensitizes nematodes to UVC exposure (used to model common environmental pollutants) but protects from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration. By contrast, mitophagy deficiency makes animals more sensitive to these stressors with an interesting exception—pink-1 deficiency conferred remarkable protection from 6-hydroxydopamine. We found that this protection could not be explained by compensatory antioxidant gene expression in pink-1 mutants or by differences in mitochondrial morphology. Conclusions: Together, our results support a strong role for gene by environment interactions in driving dopaminergic neurodegeneration and suggest that genetic deficiency in mitochondrial processes can have complex effects on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Yoon W, Hwang SH, Lee SH, Chung J. Drosophila ADCK1 is critical for maintaining mitochondrial structures and functions in the muscle. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008184. [PMID: 31125351 PMCID: PMC6553794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of AarF domain-containing kinase 1 (ADCK1) has not been thoroughly revealed. Here we identified that ADCK1 utilizes YME1-like 1 ATPase (YME1L1) to control optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and inner membrane mitochondrial protein (IMMT) in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure. We firstly observed that a serious developmental impairment occurred in Drosophila ADCK1 (dADCK1) deletion mutant, resulting in premature death before adulthood. By using temperature sensitive ubiquitously expression driver tub-Gal80ts/tub-Gal4 or muscle-specific expression driver mhc-Gal4, we observed severely defective locomotive activities and structural abnormality in the muscle along with increased mitochondrial fusion in the dADCK1 knockdown flies. Moreover, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production and survival rate along with increased ROS and apoptosis in the flies further demonstrated that the structural abnormalities of mitochondria induced by dADCK1 knockdown led to their functional abnormalities. Consistent with the ADCK1 loss-of-function data in Drosophila, ADCK1 over-expression induced mitochondrial fission and clustering in addition to destruction of the cristae structure in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Interestingly, knockdown of YME1L1 rescued the phenotypes of ADCK1 over-expression. Furthermore, genetic epistasis from fly genetics and mammalian cell biology experiments led us to discover the interactions among IMMT, OPA1 and ADCK1. Collectively, these results established a mitochondrial signaling pathway composed of ADCK1, YME1L1, OPA1 and IMMT, which has essential roles in maintaining mitochondrial morphologies and functions in the muscle. Mitochondria function as energy producing factories in the cell, and thus the malfunctioning of mitochondria becomes the causes of many diseases. Especially in muscles that continuously require a vast amount of energy, dysfunction of mitochondria leads to abnormalities in muscles. Mitochondria maintain their homeostasis and recover from stresses induced by external stimuli through a dynamic process of continuous fusion and fission. Moreover, they constantly produce ATP through their wrinkled internal structure, called the cristae. We discovered that ADCK1 is important in maintaining these mitochondrial functions. In the fruit fly model, a severe developmental anomaly was observed in ADCK1 mutant, and inhibition of ADCK1 expression led to defects in locomotive activity, along with abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and functions in muscles. Interestingly, these anomalies in mitochondria were due to OPA1 and IMMT proteins that exist downstream of ADCK1, regulated by ADCK1 through a protease called YME1L1. These results provide better molecular understanding on how mitochondria contribute to degenerative diseases in the muscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongchang Yoon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hong Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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11
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García-Casas P, Arias-Del-Val J, Alvarez-Illera P, Wojnicz A, de Los Ríos C, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. The Neuroprotector Benzothiazepine CGP37157 Extends Lifespan in C. elegans Worms. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 10:440. [PMID: 30705628 PMCID: PMC6344432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzothiazepine CGP37157 has shown neuroprotective effects in several in vitro models of excitotoxicity involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Although its mechanism of neuroprotection is unclear, it is probably related with some of its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. CGP37157 is a well-known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX). However, it is not very specific and also blocks several other Ca2+ channels and transporters, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 channel (CALHM1). In the present work, we have studied if CGP37157 could also induce changes in life expectancy. We now report that CGP37157 extends C. elegans lifespan by 10%–15% with a bell-shaped concentration-response, with high concentrations producing no effect. The effect was even larger (25% increase in life expectancy) in worms fed with heat-inactivated bacteria. The worm CGP37157 concentration producing maximum effect was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and was close to the IC50 for inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CGP37157 also extended the lifespan in eat-2 mutants (a model for caloric restriction), suggesting that caloric restriction is not involved in the mechanism of lifespan extension. Actually, CGP37157 produced no effect in mutants of the TOR pathway (daf15/unc24) or the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway (daf-2), indicating that the effect involves these pathways. Moreover, CGP37157 was also ineffective in nuo-6 mutants, which have a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Since it has been described that neuroprotection by this compound in cell cultures is abolished by mitochondrial inhibitors, this suggests that life extension in C. elegans and neuroprotection in cell cultures may share a similar mechanism involving mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arias-Del-Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojnicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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