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Mishra PK, Adameova A, Hill JA, Baines CP, Kang PM, Downey JM, Narula J, Takahashi M, Abbate A, Piristine HC, Kar S, Su S, Higa JK, Kawasaki NK, Matsui T. Guidelines for evaluating myocardial cell death. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H891-H922. [PMID: 31418596 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00259.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hande C Piristine
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sumit Kar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shi Su
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason K Higa
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nicholas K Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Choi WM, Eun HS, Lee YS, Kim SJ, Kim MH, Lee JH, Shim YR, Kim HH, Kim YE, Yi HS, Jeong WI. Experimental Applications of in situ Liver Perfusion Machinery for the Study of Liver Disease. Mol Cells 2019; 42:45-55. [PMID: 30665288 PMCID: PMC6354060 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is involved in a wide range of activities in vertebrates and some other animals, including metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and the immune system. Until now, various methods have been devised to study liver diseases; however, each method has its own limitations. In situ liver perfusion machinery, originally developed in rats, has been successfully adapted to mice, enabling the study of liver diseases. Here we describe the protocol, which is a simple but widely applicable method for investigating the liver diseases. The liver is perfused in situ by cannulation of the portal vein and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with antegrade closed circuit circulation completed by clamping the infrahepatic IVC. In situ liver perfusion can be utilized to evaluate immune cell migration and function, hemodynamics and related cellular reactions in each type of hepatic cells, and the metabolism of toxic or other compounds by changing the composition of the circulating media. In situ liver perfusion method maintains liver function and cell viability for up to 2 h. This study also describes an optional protocol using density-gradient centrifugation for the separation of different types of hepatic cells, allowing the determination of changes in each cell type. In summary, this method of in situ liver perfusion will be useful for studying liver diseases as a complement to other established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mook Choi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine,
Korea
| | - Sun Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon,
Korea
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