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Park J, Lee DH. Protein phosphatase 4 dephosphorylates phosphofructokinase-1 to regulate its enzymatic activity. BMB Rep 2023; 56:618-623. [PMID: 37605615 PMCID: PMC10689085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells utilize glucose at a high rate to produce energyand precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis- this distinct characteristic is an attractive target for developing anticancer drugs. Here, we found that Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a substrate of the Protein Phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4C)/PP4 regulatory subunit 1 (PP4R1) complex by using immunoprecipitation and in vitro assay. While manipulation of PP4C/PP4R1 does not have a critical impact on PFK-1 expression, the absence of the PP4C/PP4R1 complex increases PFK-1 activity. Although PP4C depletion or overexpression does not cause a dramatic change in the overall glycolytic rate, PP4R1 depletion induces a considerable increase in both basal and compensatory glycolytic rates, as well as the oxygen consumption rate, indicating oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, the PP4C/PP4R1 complex regulates PFK-1 activity by reversing its phosphorylation and is a promising candidate for treating glycolytic disorders and cancers. Targeting PP4R1 could be a more efficient and safer strategy to avoid pleiotropic effects than targeting PP4C directly. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(11): 618-623].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Santos WB, Schettini GP, Maiorano AM, Bussiman FO, Balieiro JCC, Ferraz GC, Pereira GL, Baldassini WA, Neto ORM, Oliveira HN, Curi RA. Genome-wide scans for signatures of selection in Mangalarga Marchador horses using high-throughput SNP genotyping. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:737. [PMID: 34645387 PMCID: PMC8515666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of signatures of selection in genomic regions provides insights into the evolutionary process, enabling discoveries regarding complex phenotypic traits. In this research, we focused on identifying genomic regions affected by different selection pressures, mainly highlighting the recent positive selection, as well as understanding the candidate genes and functional pathways associated with the signatures of selection in the Mangalarga Marchador genome. Besides, we seek to direct the discussion about genes and traits of importance in this breed, especially traits related to the type and quality of gait, temperament, conformation, and locomotor system. RESULTS Three different methods were used to search for signals of selection: Tajima's D (TD), the integrated haplotype score (iHS), and runs of homozygosity (ROH). The samples were composed of males (n = 62) and females (n = 130) that were initially chosen considering well-defined phenotypes for gait: picada (n = 86) and batida (n = 106). All horses were genotyped using a 670 k Axiom® Equine Genotyping Array (Axiom MNEC670). In total, 27, 104 (chosen), and 38 candidate genes were observed within the signatures of selection identified in TD, iHS, and ROH analyses, respectively. The genes are acting in essential biological processes. The enrichment analysis highlighted the following functions: anterior/posterior pattern for the set of genes (GLI3, HOXC9, HOXC6, HOXC5, HOXC4, HOXC13, HOXC11, and HOXC10); limb morphogenesis, skeletal system, proximal/distal pattern formation, JUN kinase activity (CCL19 and MAP3K6); and muscle stretch response (MAPK14). Other candidate genes were associated with energy metabolism, bronchodilator response, NADH regeneration, reproduction, keratinization, and the immunological system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed evidence of signatures of selection in the MM breed that encompass genes acting on athletic performance, limb development, and energy to muscle activity, with the particular involvement of the HOX family genes. The genome of MM is marked by recent positive selection. However, Tajima's D and iHS results point also to the presence of balancing selection in specific regions of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington B Santos
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FCAV, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, NN, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo P Schettini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FCAV, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, NN, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Maiorano
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FCAV, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, NN, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Bussiman
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) - FZEA, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Júlio C C Balieiro
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) - FZEA, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Ferraz
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FCAV, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, NN, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Pereira
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FMVZ, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FMVZ, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Otávio R M Neto
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FMVZ, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Henrique N Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FCAV, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane, NN, CEP: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Curi
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - FMVZ, Botucatu, Brazil
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Park J, Lee DH. Functional roles of protein phosphatase 4 in multiple aspects of cellular physiology: a friend and a foe. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32192570 PMCID: PMC7196183 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.4.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), one of serine/threonine phosphatases, is involved in many critical cellular pathways, including DNA damage response (DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis), tumorigenesis, cell migration, immune response, stem cell development, glucose metabolism, and diabetes. PP4 has been steadily studied over the past decade about wide spectrum of physiological activities in cells. Given the many vital functions in cells, PP4 has great potential to develop into the finding of key working mechanisms and effective treatments for related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. In this review, we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PP4 impacts and also discuss the functional significance of it in cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186; Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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