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Cui J, Sa E, Wei J, Fang Y, Zheng G, Wang Y, Wang X, Gong Y, Wu Z, Yao P, Liu Z. The Truncated Peptide AtPEP1 (9-23) Has the Same Function as AtPEP1 (1-23) in Inhibiting Primary Root Growth and Triggering of ROS Burst. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38790654 PMCID: PMC11117541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the widely used active form of plant elicitor peptide 1 (PEP1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is composed of 23 amino acids, hereafter AtPEP1(1-23), serving as an immune elicitor. The relatively less conserved N-terminal region in AtPEP family indicates that the amino acids in this region may be unrelated to the function and activity of AtPEP peptides. Consequently, we conducted an investigation to determine the necessity of the nonconserved amino acids in AtPEP1(1-23) peptide for its functional properties. By assessing the primary root growth and the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we discovered that the first eight N-terminal amino acids of AtPEP1(1-23) are not crucial for its functionality, whereas the conserved C-terminal aspartic acid plays a significant role in its functionality. In this study, we identified a truncated peptide, AtPEP1(9-23), which exhibits comparable activity to AtPEP1(1-23) in inhibiting primary root growth and inducing ROS burst. Additionally, the truncated peptide AtPEP1(13-23) shows similar ability to induce ROS burst as AtPEP1(1-23), but its inhibitory effect on primary roots is significantly reduced. These findings are significant as they provide a novel approach to explore and understand the functionality of the AtPEP1(1-23) peptide. Moreover, exogenous application of AtPEP1(13-23) may enhance plant resistance to pathogens without affecting their growth and development. Therefore, AtPEP1(13-23) holds promise for development as a potentially applicable biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ermei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Petersen M, Ebstrup E, Rodriguez E. Going through changes - the role of autophagy during reprogramming and differentiation. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261655. [PMID: 38393817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming is a complex feature that allows differentiated cells to undergo fate changes into different cell types. This process, which is conserved between plants and animals, is often achieved via dedifferentiation into pluripotent stem cells, which have the ability to generate all other types of cells and tissues of a given organism. Cellular reprogramming is thus a complex process that requires extensive modification at the epigenetic and transcriptional level, unlocking cellular programs that allow cells to acquire pluripotency. In addition to alterations in the gene expression profile, cellular reprogramming requires rearrangement of the proteome, organelles and metabolism, but these changes are comparatively less studied. In this context, autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that participates in the recycling of intracellular constituents, has the capacity to affect different aspects of cellular reprogramming, including the removal of protein signatures that might hamper reprogramming, mitophagy associated with metabolic reprogramming, and the supply of energy and metabolic building blocks to cells that undergo fate changes. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of autophagy during cellular reprogramming by drawing comparisons between plant and animal studies, as well as highlighting aspects of the topic that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Elise Ebstrup
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eleazar Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Dhar S, Lee JY. How Does Global Warming Sabotage Plant Immunity? Mol Cells 2022; 45:883-885. [PMID: 36572558 PMCID: PMC9794557 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Dhar
- School of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Liu L, Song W, Huang S, Jiang K, Moriwaki Y, Wang Y, Men Y, Zhang D, Wen X, Han Z, Chai J, Guo H. Extracellular pH sensing by plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes. Cell 2022; 185:3341-3355.e13. [PMID: 35998629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular pH is a vital regulator of various biological processes in plants. However, how plants perceive extracellular pH remains obscure. Here, we report that plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes can function as extracellular pH sensors. We found that pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) dramatically alkalinizes the acidic extracellular pH in root apical meristem (RAM) region, which is essential for root meristem growth factor 1 (RGF1)-mediated RAM growth. The extracellular alkalinization progressively inhibits the acidic-dependent interaction between RGF1 and its receptors (RGFRs) through the pH sensor sulfotyrosine. Conversely, extracellular alkalinization promotes the alkaline-dependent binding of plant elicitor peptides (Peps) to its receptors (PEPRs) through the pH sensor Glu/Asp, thereby promoting immunity. A domain swap between RGFR and PEPR switches the pH dependency of RAM growth. Thus, our results reveal a mechanism of extracellular pH sensing by plant peptide-receptor complexes and provide insights into the extracellular pH-mediated regulation of growth and immunity in the RAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Wen Song
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Academy for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yoshitaka Moriwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Rzemieniewski J, Stegmann M. Regulation of pattern-triggered immunity and growth by phytocytokines. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102230. [PMID: 35588597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous signalling peptides play diverse roles during plant growth, development and stress responses. Research in recent years has unravelled peptides with previously known growth-regulatory function as immune-modulatory agents that fine-tune pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Moreover, peptides that are long known as endogenous danger signals were recently implicated in growth and development. In analogy to metazoan systems these peptides are referred to as phytocytokines. In this review we will highlight recent progress made on our understanding of phytocytokines simultaneously regulating growth and PTI which shows the complex interplay of peptide signalling pathways regulating multiple aspects of a plant's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rzemieniewski
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Stegmann
- Phytopathology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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