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Abu-Awwad SA, Abu-Awwad A, Suba MI, Lazureanu VE, Bolovan AD, Rosca O, Turaiche MM, Benea AT, Hogea B. Evaluating Hepatotoxicity: A Comparative Analysis of New Generation versus Historical Antiretroviral Agents. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:423-434. [PMID: 38804441 PMCID: PMC11130917 DOI: 10.3390/idr16030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Since the advent of zidovudine in 1987, antiretroviral therapy has undergone significant evolution, marked by the introduction of 34 antiretroviral drugs and 24 fixed-dose combinations. Despite these advances, hepatotoxicity remains a formidable challenge, influencing morbidity, mortality, and treatment adherence in HIV-infected patients. This study aims to compare the hepatotoxic effects of latest-generation antiretroviral medications with those of older-generation therapies, assessing their long-term impact on liver health in HIV patients. (2) Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 304 HIV patients treated with either latest-generation or older-generation antiretroviral drugs over four years. Patients were monitored for hepatotoxicity through liver function tests at diagnosis, six months, and one-year post-treatment initiation. (3) Results: Initial and six-month liver function tests showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, at one-year post-treatment, patients on latest-generation antiretrovirals exhibited significant improvements in ALT, AST, and ALP levels, suggesting a better safety profile regarding hepatotoxicity. Additionally, a significantly lower incidence of splenomegaly was observed in patients treated with newer medications. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that the latest-generation antiretroviral medications may offer a safer profile in terms of hepatotoxicity compared to older therapies, with potential benefits for long-term liver health. This study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and further research to optimize ART strategies, ensuring improved patient outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Alina Abu-Awwad
- Ist Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Pius Brinzeu” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Abu-Awwad
- Department XV—Discipline of Orthopedics-Traumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.-A.); (B.H.)
- Research Center University Professor Doctor Teodor Sora, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Madalina-Ianca Suba
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Dr. Victor Babes, Infectious Diseases and Pneumophthisiology Hospital Timisoara, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Voichita Elena Lazureanu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.E.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Andrei-Daniel Bolovan
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Department XV: Orthopedics-Traumatology, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Bld Liviu Rebreanu, No. 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rosca
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.E.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Mirela-Mădălina Turaiche
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Adela-Teodora Benea
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Dr. Victor Babes, Infectious Diseases and Pneumophthisiology Hospital Timisoara, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Hogea
- Department XV—Discipline of Orthopedics-Traumatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.A.-A.); (B.H.)
- Research Center University Professor Doctor Teodor Sora, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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