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Rodrigues MV, de França DA, Rossini BC, da Silva RJ, Júnior JPA. Pathogenesis of Experimental Infection of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Nucleospora Braziliensis Pathology and Proteomic of Microsporidia. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00889-w. [PMID: 39162926 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of disease caused by Nucleospora braziliensis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is important as it has highlighted the high prevalence of infection and associated mortality in cultured fish. Thus, this study conducted an experimental infection of this microsporidium to evaluate pathological alterations and conduct proteomic analysis. For pathological observation, samples of brain, eyes, gall bladder, gut, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, skin, spleen, and stomach tissue, were collected, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed for proteomic analysis. The most prevalent lesions were brownish color of the liver, gill filament fusion, gut ischemia, hemorrhage of the lips and fins, hepatomegaly, spleen atrophy, splenomegaly, and stomach congestion. The most common microscopic lesions were degeneration, hemorrhage, and inflammation in the brain, gills, gut, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach. The digested peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS and the intersection of each group showed that in the spleen there were 121 exclusive proteins in the infected sample and 252 in the control, while in the kidney, 129 proteins were identified in the infected specimen compared to 83 in the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the proteome profile of O. niloticus kidney and spleen tissue in response to infection with N. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Alves de França
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ahmed NH, Caffara M, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Fioravanti ML, Mazzone A, Aboulezz AS, Metwally AM, Omar MAE, Palenzuela OR. Detection of the intranuclear microsporidian Enterospora nucleophila in gilthead sea bream by in situ hybridization. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:809-815. [PMID: 30968978 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterospora nucleophila is an intranuclear microsporidian responsible for emaciative microsporidiosis of gilthead sea bream (GSB). Its minute size and cryptic nature make it easily misdiagnosed. An in situ hybridization (ISH) technique based on antisense oligonucleotide probes specific for the parasite was developed and used in clinically infected GSB in combination with calcofluor white stain (CW) and other histopathological techniques. The ISH method was found to label very conspicuously the cells containing parasite stages, with the signal concentrating in merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia within the infected cell nuclei. Comparison with CW demonstrated limited ISH signal in cells containing mature spores, which was attributed mostly to the scarcity of probe targets present in these stages. Although spores were detected in other organs of the digestive system as well as in the peripheral blood, proliferative stages or parasite reservoirs were not found in this work outside the intestines. The study demonstrated a frequent disassociation between the presence of abundant spores and the intensity of the infections as determined by the parasite activity. The ISH allows confirmatory diagnosis of GSB microsporidiosis and estimation of infection intensity and will be a valuable tool for a more precise determination of parasite dissemination pathways and pathogeny mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Hossameldin Ahmed
- Institute of Aquaculture "Torre de la Sal" (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Hurghada, Egypt
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelica Mazzone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Asmaa Mohamed Metwally
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mosaab Adl-Eldin Omar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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The prevalence and potential fisheries consequences of Heterosporis sutherlandae in a Minnesota lake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199580. [PMID: 29940005 PMCID: PMC6016923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosporis sutherlandae is an emerging microsporidian fish parasite in the Great Lakes region. H. sutherlandae forms lesions in the muscle tissue of fishes important to aquaculture and sport fishing. These lesions render the filet inedible and may have fitness consequences. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of H. sutherlandae among yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in a known-positive Minnesota lake, and used an equilibrium yield model to evaluate impacts on harvest. Twenty-eight percent of the 400 yellow perch sampled were infected with H. sutherlandae. Males were 1.5 times more likely to be infected than females and were more severely infected. The presence of the parasite did not vary with relative weight or age, but infection severity was highest among older individuals that were in better condition. These results suggest that males are more susceptible to infection, and that infection is not associated with maturity or a gape-limiting food source. These results also suggest that heterosporosis increases in severity with time or by increased exposure. Our equilibrium yield model found that a 10% increase in mortality due to H. sutherlandae could result in 30% and 10% reductions in yield and mean catch weight, respectively. The results of this study direct future field sampling and laboratory experiments to further understand and predict the impacts of this parasite.
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Weli SC, Dale OB, Hansen H, Gjessing MC, Rønneberg LB, Falk K. A case study of Desmozoon lepeophtherii infection in farmed Atlantic salmon associated with gill disease, peritonitis, intestinal infection, stunted growth, and increased mortality. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:370. [PMID: 28764744 PMCID: PMC5540559 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In September 2008, a disease outbreak characterized by acute, severe gill pathology and peritonitis, involving the gastrointestinal tract, was observed in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farm in north-western Norway. During subsequent sampling in November 2008 and January 2009, chronic proliferative gill inflammation and peritonitis was observed. Cumulative mortalities of 5.6–12.8% and severe growth retardation were observed. Routine diagnostic analysis revealed no diseases known to salmon at the time, but microsporidian infection of tissues was observed. Methods To characterize the disease outbreak, a combination of histopathology, in situ hybridization (ISH), chitin, calcofluor-white (CFW) staining, and real-time PCR were used to describe the disease progression with visualization of the D. lepeophtherii stages in situ. Results The presence of the microsporidian Desmozoon lepeophtherii was confirmed with real-time PCR, DNA sequencing and ISH, and the parasite was detected in association with acute lesions in the gills and peritoneum. ISH using a probe specific to small subunit 16S rRNA gene provided an effective tool for demonstrating the distribution of D. lepeophtherii in the tissue. Infection in the peritoneum seemed localized in and around pre-existing vaccine granulomas, and in the gastrointestinal walls. In the heart, kidney and spleen, the infection was most often associated with mononuclear leucocytes and macrophages, including melanomacrophages. Desmozoon lepeophtherii exospores were found in the nuclei of the gastrointestinal epithelium for the first time, suggesting a role of the gastrointestinal tract in the spread of spores to the environment. Conclusions This study describes the progression of D. lepeophtherii disease outbreak in an Atlantic salmon farm without any other known diseases present. Using different methods to examine the disease outbreak, new insight into the pathology of D. lepeophtherii was obtained. The parasite was localized in situ in association with severe tissue damage and inflammation in the gills, peritoneal cavity and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that links the parasite directly to the observed pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chioma Weli
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 750 Dep., N-0106, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Bendik Dale
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 750 Dep., N-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Haakon Hansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 750 Dep., N-0106, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Liv Birte Rønneberg
- Present address: Fiske-liv AS, Marine Harvest Apotekergt. 9A, 6004, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O.Box 750 Dep., N-0106, Oslo, Norway
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Palenzuela O, Redondo MJ, Cali A, Takvorian PM, Alonso-Naveiro M, Alvarez-Pellitero P, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. A new intranuclear microsporidium, Enterospora nucleophila n. sp., causing an emaciative syndrome in a piscine host (Sparus aurata), prompts the redescription of the family Enterocytozoonidae. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:189-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Freeman MA, Kasper JM, Kristmundsson Á. Nucleospora cyclopteri n. sp., an intranuclear microsporidian infecting wild lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., in Icelandic waters. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:49. [PMID: 23445616 PMCID: PMC3606367 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial fisheries of lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus have been carried out in Iceland for centuries. Traditionally the most valuable part is the eggs which are harvested for use as a caviar substitute. Previously reported parasitic infections from lumpfish include an undescribed intranuclear microsporidian associated with abnormal kidneys and mortalities in captive lumpfish in Canada. During Icelandic lumpfish fisheries in spring 2011, extensive enlargements to the kidneys were observed in some fish during processing. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogen responsible for these abnormalities. Methods Lumpfish from the Icelandic coast were examined for the causative agent of kidney enlargement. Fish were dissected and used in histological and molecular studies. Results Lumpfish, with various grades of clinical signs, were observed at 12 of the 43 sites sampled around Iceland. From a total of 77 fish examined, 18 had clear clinical signs, the most prominent of which was an extensive enlargement and pallor of the kidneys. The histopathology of the most severely affected fish consisted of extensive degeneration and necrosis of kidney tubules and vacuolar degeneration of the haematopoietic tissue. Intranuclear microsporidians were detected in all organs examined in fish with prominent clinical signs and most organs of apparently healthy fish using the new PCR and histological examination. One or multiple uniformly oval shaped spores measuring 3.12 ± 0.15 × 1.30 ± 0.12 μm were observed in the nucleus of affected lymphocytes and lymphocyte precursor cells. DNA sequencing provided a ribosomal DNA sequence that was strongly supported in phylogenetic analyses in a clade containing other microsporidian parasites from the Enterocytozoonidae, showing highest similarity to the intranuclear microsporidian Nucleospora salmonis. Conclusions Intranuclear microsporidian infections are common in wild caught lumpfish from around the Icelandic coast. Infections can cause severe clinical signs and extensive histopathological changes, but are also present, at lower levels, in fish that do not show clinical signs. Some common features exist with the intranuclear microsporidian previously reported from captive Canadian lumpfish, but DNA sequence data is required from Canadian fish to confirm conspecificity. Based on phylogenetic analysis and the intranuclear location of the parasite, the name Nucleospora cyclopteri n. sp. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Freeman
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Microsporidian disease of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus and the potential for its transfer to local invertebrate fauna. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Grésoviac SJ, Baxa DV, Vivarès CP, Hedrick RP. Detection of the intranuclear microsporidium Nucleospora salmonis in naturally and experimentally exposed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by in situ hybridization. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1257-64. [PMID: 17605006 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleospora salmonis, an intranuclear microsporidian parasite of salmonid fish, is often difficult to observe in histological sections or wet mount preparations from lightly infected tissues because of its small size and location within the nuclei of lymphoblast-type cells. Diagnosis of infections by conventional light microscopy is directly dependent upon distinguishing different stages of the parasite from host cell nuclear material or vacuoles. To assist detection of stages of the parasite in tissues of its primary host, the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we developed a nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) method. The new method was then used to detect N. salmonis among Chinook salmon after both natural and experimental exposures to the parasite. Probes derived from the small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu-rDNA) sequence of the microsporidium were labeled with digoxigenin deoxyuridine triphosphate (DIG-dUTP) and hybridized to parasite DNA present in infected tissues. The ISH procedure effectively identified merogonic and spore stages of N. salmonis in paraffin-embedded tissues of clinically and subclinically infected fish. A Nucleospora-like microsporidium was also detected by ISH in tissues of a nonsalmonid fish, the English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), using probes designed to a region of the ssu-rDNA of N. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Grésoviac
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Parasites Opportunistes, URA CNRS 1944, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177, Aubière Cedex, France
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