1
|
Uhrovič D, Oros M, Kudlai O, Kuchta R, Scholz T. Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea): diversity of enigmatic fish tapeworms with monoxenic life cycles. Parasite 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35138246 PMCID: PMC8826581 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The caryophyllidean genus Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 is unique among all tapeworms in that its species can mature in invertebrate hosts (Oligochaeta), i.e., have a monoxenic (direct) life cycle. All five species were described as progenetic plerocercoids in oligochaetes and two of them also as adults from cypriniform fishes. Two species, A. sieboldi Leuckart, 1878 and A. iowensis Calentine, 1962, were found in North America in non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A molecular study of caryophyllideans from the southern United States has revealed the occurrence of three new species in native freshwater fishes (Catostomidae, Ictiobinae): Archigetes loculotruncatus n. sp. from Ictiobus bubalus, I. niger and Carpiodes cyprinus is the largest representative of the genus and differs by a loculotruncate scolex. Archigetes megacephalus n. sp. from Ictiobus niger, I. bubalus and I. cyprinellus is characterised by a prominent, bothrioloculodiscate scolex. Archigetes vadosus n. sp. from I. bubalus is typified by a globular scolex with very shallow loculi; it differs from the closely related A. sieboldi in the shape of the body, with a distinct neck region and a scolex wider than the remaining body. Archigetes iowensis Calentine, 1962 becomes a junior synonym of Paraglaridacris limnodrili (Yamaguti, 1934). The generic diagnosis of Archigetes is amended and a key to identification of North American taxa is provided. Species of Archigetes and Paraglaridacris differ from each other most conspicuously in the structure of the ovary, which is follicular in Archigetes versus compact in Paraglaridacris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 10 Košice, Slovak Republic - University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 10 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania - Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uhrovič D, Oros M, Reyda F, Kudlai O, Scholz T. Redescription of Biacetabulum giganteum Hunter, 1929 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), description of two new, closely related species from suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, and a critical review of host specificity of species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1970649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 10, Slovak Republic
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 10, Slovak Republic
| | - Florian Reyda
- Biology Department, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, 13820, New York, USA
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uhrovič D, Oros M, Kudlai O, Choudhury A, Scholz T. Molecular evidence of three closely related species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea): a case of recent speciation in different fish hosts (Catostomidae)? Parasitology 2021; 148:1040-1056. [PMID: 33975665 PMCID: PMC11010140 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) are dominant components of parasite communities of suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, with Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 representing one of the more species-rich genera. Molecular (28S rDNA) and morphological (including scanning electron microscopy and histology) evaluation of newly collected tapeworms from different fish hosts revealed the existence of four similar (and three closely related) species of Biacetabulum. These four species differ from their congeners by having a long body (up to 48 mm long) with a very long, slender neck (its length represents ≥30% of total body length), a large, globular scolex with a prominent central acetabulum-like loculus on the dorsal and ventral sides, two pairs of shallow lateral loculi and a distinct, slightly convex apical disc, and a cirrus-sac that is situated between the anterior arms of the ovarian wings. Taken together, the morphological and molecular data and the host associations of these species provide evidence of their host specificity. Biacetabulum isaureae n. sp. occurs in notch clip redhorse, Moxostoma collapsum, in South Carolina (USA), B. longicollum n. sp. in silver redhorse, Moxostoma anisurum (type host), and golden redhorse, M. erythrurum, in Manitoba (Canada) and West Virginia (USA), B. overstreeti n. sp. in a spotted sucker, Minytrema melanops, in Mississippi, and B. hypentelii n. sp. in northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans, in Tennessee (USA). The new species differ from each other in the number of postovarian vitelline follicles, the posterior extent of preovarian vitelline follicles and relative size of the cirrus sac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01Košice, Slovak Republic and University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01Košice, Slovak Republic and University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, De Pere, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McAllister CT, Choudhury A, Fayton TJ, Cloutman DG, Bursey CR, Robison HW, Whipps CM, Scholz T. Parasites of Western Creek Chubsucker Erimyzon claviformis (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, U.S.A. COMP PARASITOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1654/copa-d-20-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T. McAllister
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma 74745, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant Street, DePere, Wisconsin 54115, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Thomas J. Fayton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | | | - Charles R. Bursey
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A.(e-mail: )
| | - Henry W. Robison
- 9717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, Arkansas 72120, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Christopher M. Whipps
- Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budéjovice, 370 05 Czech Republic (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uhrovič D, Scholz T, Kudlai O, Oros M. Disentangling taxonomy of Biacetabulum (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid fishes in North America: proposal of Megancestus gen. n. to accommodate B. carpiodi. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1993-2001. [PMID: 34021801 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new genus, Megancestus n. gen., is proposed to accommodate the caryophyllidean tapeworm Biacetabulum carpiodi Mackiewicz, 1969 from carpsuckers and quillback (Carpiodes spp.) in North America. This species is not closely related to other species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 and is transferred to a newly erected genus. This new genus is typified by the possession of a small body (total length of 3.1-7.5 mm) with a scolex that bears a pair of large acetabulum-like loculi, two pairs of shallow lateral loculi, and a slightly convex apical disc, testes arranged in one or two layers, oval, thick-walled cirrus-sac, well-developed external seminal vesicle, separate gonopores, H-shaped ovary, few median vitelline follicles, and the uterus extending by a single loop anterior to the cirrus-sac. Megancestus differs from all Nearctic caryophyllidean genera (family Capingentidae), including Biacetabulum, by vitelline follicles dorsal to the ovary that connect the preovarian and postovarian vitelline fields. The most closely related Hunterella Mackiewicz et McCrae, 1962 differs by shape of the scolex (tholate, i.e., devoid of any loculi), dumbbell-shaped ovary and the uterus not extending anterior to the cirrus-sac. Megancestus carpiodi (Mackiewicz, 1969) n. comb. is the only species of the genus and it is a stenoxenous parasite, which has been found only in the river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio-type host), quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus) and highfin carpsucker (Carpiodes velifer) (Catostomidae: Ictiobinae) in the lower and middle Mississippi basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choudhury A, Scholz T. Ex Uno Plures? Morphotype and Lineage Diversity of Bothriocephalus (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) in North American Freshwater Fishes. J Parasitol 2021; 106:589-602. [PMID: 32932521 DOI: 10.1645/17-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological and molecular evaluation of tapeworms of the genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea), based on newly collected and uniformly fixed worms from freshwater fishes in Canada and the United States has revealed unexpected diversity. With a combination of selected morphological features and 4 molecular markers (18S rDNA V8 region, ITS1, ITS2, and COI gene sequences), the following morphotypes and lineages of the Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917 complex were identified, several of which are specific to their respective fish definitive hosts and may represent separate species: B. cuspidatus sensu stricto from walleye, Sander vitreus (type host), which likely includes a miniature morphotype from Johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum (both Percidae); Bothriocephalus morphotype from pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae); and Bothriocephalus morphotype from rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris (Centrarchidae). The Bothriocephalus morphotype from goldeye, Hiodon alosoides (Hiodontidae), may also represent a separate lineage (possibly Bothriocephalus texomensisSelf, 1954) but requires additional studies. A morphotype from smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, based on a single specimen, is morphologically and genetically very similar to the morphotype from rock bass. Morphological study of the scolex and strobila of heat-killed and fixed specimens has revealed consistent differences, often subtle, that allowed us to differentiate between these morphotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant Street, De Pere, Wisconsin 54115
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scholz T, Waeschenbach A, Oros M, Brabec J, Littlewood DTJ. Phylogenetic reconstruction of early diverging tapeworms (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) reveals ancient radiations in vertebrate hosts and biogeographic regions. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:263-277. [PMID: 33275944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the order Caryophyllidea are the earliest diverging 'true' tapeworms (Eucestoda) and parasitise cypriniform and siluriform fishes almost exclusively. They are typified by a monozoic (non-proglottised) body plan, which is a characteristic shared with early diverging 'cestodarians' Gyrocotylidea and Amphilinidea. Here we present the most comprehensive multi-gene molecular phylogeny of this group, to date. Specimens of 63 species from 32 genera (~50% and ~75% of known species and genus diversity, respectively) were gathered during an intense and targeted 15-year collecting effort. Phylogenetic reconstructions provide high nodal support for three major lineages, which only partly correspond to currently recognised families. The three well-supported clades were as follows: Clade A was in an unsupported position at the base of the tree and was almost exclusively comprised of parasites of catfishes (Siluriformes) from the Afrotropical and Indomalayan regions, including the type genus of the Lytocestidae (Lytocestus). Clade B formed the sister group to the remaining taxa (Clade C) and was composed of species that parasitise cyprinids and loaches (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei and Cobitoidei) from the Palaearctic Region. This clade included the type genus of the Caryophyllaeidae (Caryophyllaeus). Clade C comprised Nearctic species from suckers and minnows (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae and Cyprinoidei), which were previously accommodated in two families, i.e. Capingentidae and Caryophyllaeidae. This clade included the type genus of the Capingentidae (Capingens). In addition to Clades A-C, Balanotaenia bancrofti from the monotypic Balanotaeniidae, which parasitises plotosid catfishes in Australia, and Lytocestoides tanganyikae, which parasitises African cichlids, formed a poorly supported clade at the base of the tree. Whereas morphological characteristics traditionally used to differentiate caryophyllidean families do not characterise molecular lineages, host association and biogeographical distribution play a key role in the circumscription of the three well-supported clades revealed by molecular data. Thus, the taxonomic rearrangement proposed herein was guided by the molecular clades. The names of all four extant families were preserved and family affinity was determined by topological clustering with the type genera of the families. The family diagnoses of the Lytocestidae, Caryophyllaeidae and Capingentidae are amended. Biogeographic patterns are indicative of separate Gondwanan and Laurasian radiations having taken place. Regarding the Gondwanan radiation in the Siluriformes, the topology in Clade A indicates an Asian origin with a subsequent African colonisation. Concerning Laurasia, separate radiations appear to have taken place in the Cypriniformes in the temperate zones of North America and Eurasia. Complete absence of caryophyllideans in the Neotropical Region, where numerous catfishes occur, may be due to the Gondwanan radiation having taken place after the continental separation of Africa and South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Waeschenbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 10 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Timothy J Littlewood
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|