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Pang S, Yan J. Research and progress on the mechanism of lower urinary tract neuromodulation: a literature review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17870. [PMID: 39148679 PMCID: PMC11326431 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage and periodic voiding of urine in the lower urinary tract are regulated by a complex neural control system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia. Investigating the neuromodulation mechanisms of the lower urinary tract helps to deepen our understanding of urine storage and voiding processes, reveal the mechanisms underlying lower urinary tract dysfunction, and provide new strategies and insights for the treatment and management of related diseases. However, the current understanding of the neuromodulation mechanisms of the lower urinary tract is still limited, and further research methods are needed to elucidate its mechanisms and potential pathological mechanisms. This article provides an overview of the research progress in the functional study of the lower urinary tract system, as well as the key neural regulatory mechanisms during the micturition process. In addition, the commonly used research methods for studying the regulatory mechanisms of the lower urinary tract and the methods for evaluating lower urinary tract function in rodents are discussed. Finally, the latest advances and prospects of artificial intelligence in the research of neuromodulation mechanisms of the lower urinary tract are discussed. This includes the potential roles of machine learning in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract diseases and intelligent-assisted surgical systems, as well as the application of data mining and pattern recognition techniques in advancing lower urinary tract research. Our aim is to provide researchers with novel strategies and insights for the treatment and management of lower urinary tract dysfunction by conducting in-depth research and gaining a comprehensive understanding of the latest advancements in the neural regulation mechanisms of the lower urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine and Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junan Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine and Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Lv T, Zhong S, Guo X. Establishment of an overactive bladder model in mice. BMC Urol 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36782229 PMCID: PMC9926576 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency, often accompanied by frequent urination and nocturia or urge incontinence. METHODS Twenty female ICR mice were randomly divided into pBOO (partial bladder outlet obstruction) and control groups. The mouse OAB model was constructed by ligating the bladder outlet. Eight weeks after the operation, the methods of voiding spot on paper (VSOP), isolated detrusor muscle, and HE staining were used for analysis and research. RESULTS After the operation, two mice in the experimental and one in control died, and one in the control groups had an abnormal bladder size, so it was excluded from the statistical analysis. Eight weeks after the operation, there was an insignificant difference (P = 0.15) in the body weight of mice in the pBOO (26.54 ± 2.62 g) and the control group (24.84 ± 1.76 g). The number of urinations in 12 h was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the pBOO (7.63 ± 1.19) than in the control group (4.13 ± 0.99). Also, the 12-h urine volume of pBOO (1491.23 ± 94.72 μL) was significantly greater (P = 0.006) than that of the control group (1344.86 ± 88.17 μL). The isolated bladder of the pBOO mice was significantly heavier than that in the control group (53.16 ± 1.79 mg vs. 24.54 ± 1.80 mg, P < 0.001), the horizontal and vertical length of the bladder in pBOO group were larger than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The detrusor thickness of pBOO group (357.50 ± 11.88 µm) was significantly thicker than that of control group (258.52 ± 17.22 µm, P < 0.001), and the isolated muscle strip was more sensitive to carbachol stimulation. According to HE staining, the bladder wall of the pBOO mice was significantly thickened. CONCLUSIONS A pBOO-mediated mouse OAB model was successfully established by ligating the bladder outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lv
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301The Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- grid.411405.50000 0004 1757 8861The Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- The Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
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Shen JD, Chen SJ, Chen HY, Chiu KY, Chen YH, Chen WC. Review of Animal Models to Study Urinary Bladder Function. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121316. [PMID: 34943231 PMCID: PMC8698391 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction requires the knowledge of bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. Several animal models are available to study a variety of bladder disorders. These models include animals from rodents, such as mice and rats, to nonhuman primates, such as rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. This review adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease. Abstract The urinary bladder (UB) serves as a storage and elimination organ for urine. UB dysfunction can cause multiple symptoms of failure to store urine or empty the bladder, e.g., incontinence, frequent urination, and urinary retention. Treatment of these symptoms requires knowledge on bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. There is no ideal animal model for the study of UB function to understand and treat associated disorders, as the complexity in humans differs from that of other species. However, several animal models are available to study a variety of other bladder disorders. Such models include animals from rodents to nonhuman primates, such as mice, rats, rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. For incontinence, vaginal distention might mimic birth trauma and can be measured based on leak point pressure. Using peripheral and central models, inflammation, bladder outlet obstruction, and genetic models facilitated the study of overactive bladder. However, the larger the animal model, the more difficult the study is, due to the associated animal ethics issues, laboratory facility, and budget. This review aims at facilitating adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41168, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Ju Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
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Sartori AM, Kessler TM, Schwab ME. Methods for Assessing Lower Urinary Tract Function in Animal Models. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:186-189. [PMID: 31937460 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction affects a multitude of patients. Current therapeutic approaches are limited and very little is known about the mechanisms in failure of bladder control. Thus, more basic research is clearly needed to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms and to develop novel treatment strategies in urology. Noninvasive tests such as the void-spot assay and the metabolic cage and more invasive urodynamics investigations are currently used to assess lower urinary tract function in animals, in particular rodents. The noninvasive tests give some insights into the functionality of the system, whereas urodynamics testing yields an objective evaluation that allows distinction of different pathologies and investigations of the underlying neuronal malfunctions. PATIENT SUMMARY: We briefly summarize methods currently used to assess impairments of bladder function in animal models. Both noninvasive and invasive methods are available and can be used to understand and improve human health. An accurate and detailed diagnosis is, however, possible only with urodynamics assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Sartori
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sidler M, Aitken KJ, Jiang JX, Sotiropoulos C, Aggarwal P, Anees A, Chong C, Siebenaller A, Thanabalasingam T, White JM, Choufani S, Weksberg R, Sangiorgi B, Wrana J, Delgado-Olguin P, Bägli DJ. DNA Methylation Reduces the Yes-Associated Protein 1/WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 Pathway and Prevents Pathologic Remodeling during Bladder Obstruction by Limiting Expression of BDNF. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2177-2194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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