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Moreira BR, Stafussa AP, Barão CE, Costa Fernandes AB, Pimentel TC, Madrona GS. Thermal and non-thermal treatments in the processing of cagaita nectar - Eugenia dysenterica. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:149-159. [PMID: 36443984 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221139889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to analyze cagaita nectar subjected to different thermal and non-thermal treatments regarding its quality over 30 days of storage (5 °C). Ultra (U) and thermosonication (T) were the techniques used for 30 and 60 minutes of processing samples. These techniques proved to be effective to preserve physicochemical quality, regarding rheology and texture, since ultra and thermosonicated samples had their consistency increased when compared to the pasteurized sample over 30 days, a desirable factor for a fruit nectar. Samples treated more intensely with ultrasound and temperature (Pasteurized, U 25 °C/60 min and T 60 °C/ 30 min) showed higher soluble solids content. The sample U 25 °C/60 min increased its brightness, reduced its firmness and also its consistency after 30 storage days. For all samples there was an increase in carotenoids content and a maintenance of viscosity and cohesiveness (texture) over 30 days, thus indicating that the used treatments can be feasible instead of pasteurization, maintaining the shelf life of cagaita nectar in the time evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reis Moreira
- Department of Food Engineering, Maringá State University-UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Stafussa
- Department of Food Science, Maringá State University-UEM, Maringá, Brazil
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Dos Santos Dantas Lima L, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Indriunas A, de Souza Santos I, Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro L, Alexandre Souza da Cruz K, Batista de Almeida A, Carlos Fernandes Galduróz J, Rodrigues E. The Meaning of Plants' Names: A New Discovering Approach to Its Medicinal and/or Toxic Properties. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:6678557. [PMID: 38410808 PMCID: PMC10896657 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6678557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Some of the vernacular or scientific names are related to possible medicinal and/or toxic properties that can reveal the presence of potential bioactive agents, contributing to the discovery of new drugs and/or knowledge of the risks associated with their use. This study sought to list the scientific and vernacular names of plants whose lexicons are related to those possible properties of plants and to compare them with the "ethno" (ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological) and pharmacological data available in the scientific literature. A floating reading of the two classical and reference works on Brazilian medicinal plants was performed, and plants with vernacular and/or scientific names related to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties were listed. Correlations between the meanings of the species' names (lexicon) and their possible biological properties were made from their translation from Latin by consulting dictionaries. A bibliographic survey was conducted on the "ethno" and pharmacological data for each species. Finally, data from these three dimensions (lexicon, "ethno," and pharmacology) were classified and compared using a bioprospection classification. It resulted in a list of 90 plant species belonging to 47 families. 66 of the 90 species presented "ethno" data from the scientific literature, while 46 species presented pharmacological data. Of these, 46 (69.7%) and 27 (58.7%), respectively, showed equivalence with the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties of plants according to their lexicons. According to this study, half of the plants investigated demonstrate equivalence in the three dimensions analyzed (lexicons, "ethno," and pharmacological data from the scientific literature). Gastrointestinal and nervous system categories are among the most common in all three dimensions. Plant lexicons may be closely linked to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties and the study of plant lexicons may represent one more approach for the search for new drugs, mainly considering the gastrointestinal, nervous, and parasites categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Dos Santos Dantas Lima
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente 11350-011, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Indriunas
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista-São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Souza Santos
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Luíza Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Kayo Alexandre Souza da Cruz
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Batista de Almeida
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz
- Departament of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas-1° Andar, São Paulo 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, No 275, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil
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de Castro Santos Paim R, Ferreira de Paula LG, Soares DM, Gonçalves Rocha TF, Ribeiro AL, Barros N, Carrião Dos Santos F, Ferreira HD, Gomes-Klein VL, Soto-Blanco B, Paes de Oliveira-Filho J, Jorge da Cunha PH, Riet-Correa F, Pfister J, Cook D, Soares Fioravanti MC, Machado Botelho AF. Toxic plants from the perspective of a "Quilombola" community in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Toxicon 2023; 224:107028. [PMID: 36681279 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A multi-disciplinary team surveyed ranchers at the Kalunga Historical and Cultural Heritage Site, in the Cerrado region of west central Brazil, to determine impacts promoted by toxic plants on cattle. The expedition to the Kalunga region was carried out by Brazilian and American researchers. Previously selected cattle ranch properties from "Vão das Almas", "Engenho II" and "Vão do Moleque" were visited. Twenty-four interviews were carried out with cattle ranchers and a questionnaire was applied to obtain information about outbreaks of native plant poisoning and their effects on livestock, and the use of local plants in phytotherapy. We classified problematic plants into three distinct categories. First, the toxic plants most cited by residents causing cattle losses were the flowers of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess ("pequi"), the fruits of Terminalia corrugata (Ducke) Gere & Boatwr. (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler - "mirindiba" or "pau-pilão"), Eugenia dysenterica (Mart.) DC ("cagaita"), and Palicourea marcgravii A. St. Hil ("erva-café" or "cafezinho"). Secondly, other plants considered toxic, but causing less severe losses were Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers ("casco d'anta"), Indigofera lespedezioides (Kunth) ("timbozinho"), Ricinus communis L. ("mamona"), Pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) Cockayne ("samambaia"), Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville ("barbatimão"), and Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. ("cambaúba"). The most important finding was the identification of the C. brasiliense flower as potentially toxic to cattle, which must be subject for future research. Further, we confirmed the toxicity and importance of P. marcgravii, E. dysenterica, and Terminalia corrugata. The survey highlighted phytotherapy plants used by the community, and greatly increased awareness by local livestock producers of poisonous plants for management purposes. We conclude that ethnobotanical knowledge, especially from the traditional community, is essential to understand livestock losses to toxic plants, and should be valued not only for reducing livestock losses, but also for cultural importance to the Kalunga communities in the Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Castro Santos Paim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Moreira Soares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Tarik Fernandes Gonçalves Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Barros
- Image Processing and GIS Laboratory (LAPIG), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 74001-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Carrião Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Production, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Urutaí, Rod. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Km-2,5 - Zona Rural, Urutaí, Goiás, 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Heleno Dias Ferreira
- Department of Botany, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Gomes-Klein
- Department of Botany, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Paes de Oliveira-Filho
- Veterinary Clinic Department, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Postgraduate Program on Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - James Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, United States
| | - Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Machado Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Santos DCD, Oliveira Filho JGD, Sousa TLD, Ribeiro CB, Egea MB. Ameliorating effects of metabolic syndrome with the consumption of rich-bioactive compounds fruits from Brazilian Cerrado: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7632-7649. [PMID: 33977838 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1916430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables, including carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols, may have beneficial effects against the development of obesity and other diseases. The fruits of the Brazilian Cerrado are rich in biologically active compounds but are underexplored by the population being used only locally dietary consumption. The objective of this review is to direct attention to the bioactive compounds already elucidated for the fruits of "Cerrado" cashew (Anacadium othanianum Rizz.), baru almond (Dipteryx alata Vogel), cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), "Cerrado" pear (Eugenia klotzschiana Berg), mangaba (Hancornia speciosa), and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb), demonstrating possible metabolic effects of the consumption of these fruits on the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Studies have shown that Cerrado native fruits have a high content of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, which also demonstrate high antioxidant capacity and may be related to the protective effect in metabolic syndrome-related diseases by act as inhibitors in various processes in lipid metabolism and glucose transport. Although more scientific evidence is still needed, the consumption of native fruits from the Cerrado seems to be a promising strategy which -along with other strategies such as nutritional therapy- can ameliorate the effects of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Costa Dos Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, IPTSP - UFG, Goias Federal University (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,School of Nutrition, Unibras College of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Department of Agronomy, Goiás Federal University (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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Fidelis-de-Oliveira P, Aparecida-Castro S, Silva DB, Morais IBDM, Miranda VHMD, de Gobbi JI, Canabrava HAN, Bispo-da-Silva LB. Hypotensive effect of Eugenia dysenterica leaf extract is primarily related to its vascular action: The possible underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112520. [PMID: 31884034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eugenia dysenterica (ED) leaves are used in Brazil to treat cardiac diseases; however, there are no scientific data describing the effects of this species on cardiac activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of ED aqueous leaf extract (EDLE) on hear rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of anaesthetised rats and its underlying mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS EDLE was analysed, and its proanthocyanidin composition was determined. After performing dose-effect curves for EDLE on HR and MAP, EDLE-induced hypotension was evaluated before and after atropine (AT), L-N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), hexamethonium (HXT), indomethacin (IND), carbenoxolone (CBX), or nifedipine (NFD) administration. The effect of proanthocyanidin-depleted extract (EDLE/P-) was also determined and compared to that of the EDLE with proanthocyanidins. RESULTS EDLE decreased the MAP in a dose-dependent manner; HR was decreased only with the highest and most toxic dose. Only CBX and NFD decreased EDLE-induced hypotension. Five polymeric series of proanthocyanidins were identified, which were mainly constituted by procyanidin and prodelphinidin units with B-type linkage and up to 12 flavan-3-ol units. EDLE/P- induced hypotension did not differ from that induced by EDLE. CONCLUSIONS The cardiovascular effects of EDLE were primarily related to its vascular action. EDLE-induced hypotensive effect appeared to involve L-type calcium channel blockage as well as myoendothelial gap junction signalling. The higher molecular weight proanthocyanidins from EDLE are unlikely to contribute to its cardiovascular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samanta Aparecida-Castro
- São Paulo State University/UNESP, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Beatriz de Melo Morais
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Irani de Gobbi
- São Paulo State University/UNESP, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Hudson Armando Nunes Canabrava
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Borges Bispo-da-Silva
- Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Emulsion incorporating Eugenia dysenterica aqueous extract entrapped in chitosan microparticles as a novel topical treatment of cutaneous infections. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Araújo FF, Neri-Numa IA, de Paulo Farias D, da Cunha GRMC, Pastore GM. Wild Brazilian species of Eugenia genera (Myrtaceae) as an innovation hotspot for food and pharmacological purposes. Food Res Int 2019; 121:57-72. [PMID: 31108783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Myrtaceae is one of the most common plant families in Brazil, including >1000 species of native fruit spread from North to South, where around 50% of all species are endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome. Most Brazilian species belong to Eugenia, Campomanesia, Psidium and Myrciaria genera. In general, they are characterized by the presence of leaves opposite, simple, entire, with pellucid glands containing ethereal oils and produces berry-like, fleshy fruits with a wide diversity of beneficial characteristics. Several parts of these plants are widely used in regional folk medicine as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and so on. Some species have already been studied and most of their metabolic effects are attributed to the presence of polyphenols, carotenoids as well as sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. In addition, the Myrtaceae family has great economic potential, because of the sensory characteristics which encourages their commercial exploitation plus the presence of phytochemicals which play an important role in managing several degenerative chronic diseases besides representing a hotspot of technological innovation for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. In this context, this review discusses about the importance of some Eugenia genera representatives such as Eugenia uniflora, Eugenia stipitata, Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia pyriformis and Eugenia dysenterica, emphasizing its profile of bioactive compounds as well as the knowledge of the nutritional and functional fruit potential, providing information for further studies aiming to stimulate the cultivation of Brazilian wild berries, for consumption and new food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David de Paulo Farias
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Reis AF, Schmiele M. Características e potencialidades dos frutos do Cerrado na indústria de alimentos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro e apresenta grande diversidade de frutos que possuem alto valor nutricional, sabor e aroma característicos, compostos bioativos com propriedades antioxidantes e apelo saudável. O mercado consumidor visa a produtos com apelo natural e funcional, e, pelo fato de haver grandes perdas pós-colheita dos frutos do cerrado, cabe à indústria de alimentos aliar tais propriedades dos frutos à elaboração de novos produtos com valor agregado e maior tempo de vida de prateleira. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão com o objetivo de listar e caracterizar os frutos do cerrado (pequi, bocaiuva, mangaba, cagaita, baru, murici, mama-cadela, buriti, araticum e guabiroba), apresentando estudos com possíveis aplicações na indústria de alimentos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Ferreira-Nunes R, Silva SMMD, Souza PEND, Magalhães PDO, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM. Incorporation of Eugenia dysenterica extract in microemulsions preserves stability, antioxidant effect and provides enhanced cutaneous permeation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gasca CA, Castillo WO, Takahashi CS, Fagg CW, Magalhães PO, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D. Assessment of anti-cholinesterase activity and cytotoxicity of cagaita ( Eugenia dysenterica ) leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:996-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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