Arterio-venous malformation of the mandible. Case report and review of literature

Arteriovenous fistula of the mandible: a case report

Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are uncommon high-flow vascular malformation that can affect the maxilla or mandible. AVM may present with aspecific and misleading signs and symptoms. The diagnosis is often accidental and bleeding may represent the first symptom. Radiographically, there are few characteristic features and misdiagnosis is easy. Here we report the case of a young male affected by arteriovenous fistula on the right side of the mandible initially misdiagnosed as a cystic lesion. The patient underwent transarterial embolization of the vascular malformation and subsequently the lesion was surgically removed. 1-year follow-up showed complete healing of the mandibular bone and absence of recurrence. Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations are rare entities. However, due to their harmfulness, both clinicians and radiologists must be aware of this type of lesion and should always consider them in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions.

Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation (Vascular Lesion) in a 16-Year-Old Patient

Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws are rare congenital vascular abnormalities that the dentist may encounter. A vascular lesion or disease should be suspected when there is unexplained bleeding from the oral cavity. Diagnostic imaging is a valuable tool in diagnosing and localizing vascular lesions. An understanding of some of the salient clinical and radiographic features of arteriovenous malformations in jaws aids the clinician in correctly diagnosing this condition and avoids iatrogenic injuries, such as hasty tooth extraction, which may potentially cause severe bleeding and possibly death. The dentist should acknowledge their expertise/limitation, and know when the need for referral arises.

Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation with Unusual Radiographic Appearance

Arteriovenous malformation of head and neck is a rare vascular anomaly but when present, it is persistent and progressive in nature. It can also represent a lethal benign disease due to massive hemorrhage. There are several indications for treatment including age, location, extension and type of vascular malformation. Endovascular therapy can effectively cure most lesions with limited tissue involvement. Surgery can be used in selected cases in combination with embolization. Here, we present a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of mandible with floating tooth appearance in an 11-year-old boy patient. Given the spectrum of imaging presentations seen and the crossover with other lesions, microscopic histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Great Radiologic Imitators: Arteriovenous Malformation of Mandible - A Case Series

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a vascular malformation characterized by anomalous communications between arteries and veins without the normal intervening capillary bed. AVMs of jaw are extremely rare conditions that can give rise to dreadful complications if handled carelessly. Fifty percent of all intraosseous AVMs occur in the maxillofacial region and are extremely infrequent in the mandible. Only six cases of extraosseous submandibular AVMs have been mentioned in the literature. Three cases of AVMs involving the mandible, with a massive case involving both the mandible and submandibular region is reported. To the best of our knowledge, only one case is documented as a combined AVM involving both the mandible and submandibular region in literature.

Intraosseous venous malformation of the zygomatico-orbital complex. Case report and literature review with focus on confusions in vascular lesion terms

Intraosseous vascular malformations (VascM) of the facial skeleton are rare entities, raising difficulties even today in their treatment. We present a case for zygomatic intraosseous venous malformation of traumatic etiology with growth dynamics presentation and a multidisciplinary treatment approach, with intravascular embolization surgical ablation and primary reconstructruction using a titanium patient-specific implant (PSI), and a review of the literature for intraosseous vascular lesions of the facial skeleton focusing on the diagnostic syntagms used by the involved medical personnel, to shed light on the confusions over these terms.

Ultrasound diagnostics of a spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the head and neck

An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection between the arterial and venous systems. In the literature, there are well-described ultrasound findings of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula as a potential complication from percutaneous transarterial or transvenous procedures. The most important sign is direct visualization of the fistula in the place of the access site. It is necessary to look for secondary signs of arterialization of the veins, which can suggest a diagnosis of an arteriovenous fistula. However, the accuracy and diagnostic quality of duplex scanning in the diagnostics of a congenital or spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the head and neck area in adults have been poorly described in the literature. In this study, we discuss the opportunities of duplex scanning, based on two different cases of an arteriovenous fistula revealed by ultrasound and then confirmed by computer tomographic angiography.

Massive bleeding after a tooth extraction: Diagnosis of unknown arteriovenous malformation of the mandible, a case report

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Mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are very unusual condition.

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They remain frequently undiagnosed until a severe bleeding occurs during an oral surgical procedure.

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This case was a real diagnostical challenge: clinical presentation and initial radiographic examination was atypical.

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Curently there is no guideline to manage this kind of pathology.

Introduction

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are very rare. Only 5% of them occurs in the jaws but they can manifest with dramatic bleeding and be life-threatening.

Presentation of case

We report the case of a 11-year-old healthy girl who presented a massive hemorrhage after extraction of the right mandibular first primary molar. This patient received a blood transfusion and was hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit. CT angiography highlighted an AVM of the mandible. Treatment consisted in selective embolization.

Discussion

A review of the literature shows that the majority of AVMs of the jaws are often unknown until severe bleeding occurs during dental surgery. The low specificity of radiological signs on panoramic radiography makes the diagnosis particularly challenging. Their management requires an interdisciplinary approach. Selective embolization has a place of choice in the treatment of these complex pathologies.

Conclusion

Although AVMs of the jaws are rare, they are frequently revealed through a massive hemorrhage during tooth extraction. Dentists have to suspect them when young patients present some clinical features, as spontaneous gingival bleeding, unexplained dental mobility, or facial asymmetry.

High Flow AV Malformation (A-V Shunt) of Mandible: A Rare Life Threatening Entity

Intraosseous Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) in the head and neck region are very rare and potentially life threatening entities due to massive hemorrhage. These are the results of an embryonic abnormality of the vascular system. Depending on the blood flow and clinical presentations they are of different types like slow flow and high flow AVM. Here we present a case of high flow AVM involving mandible with a chief complain of gingival bleeding in a four year old girl child.