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Testa G, Mattavelli D, Rampinelli V, Conti C, Piazza C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08813-8. [PMID: 39042173 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Nasal vestibule squamous cell carcinoma (NVSCC) is an exceedingly rare malignancy, often misclassified due to its anatomical location and lack of a standardized definition. This review aims to consolidate current evidence on NVSCC, focusing on epidemiology, risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors. The NV anatomy is delineated, emphasizing the need for a clear definition to avoid misclassification. Risk factors include smoking, sunlight exposure, and debated associations with chalk exposure or viral factors. Clinical presentation includes symptoms like nasal obstruction, pain, burning, and bleeding, often misdiagnosed as inflammatory conditions. NVSCC exhibits distinct local spread patterns along cartilaginous surfaces, with the facial and submandibular lymph nodes at higher metastatic risk. Current classifications lack consensus, hindering comparison of outcomes. Treatment varies, with surgery or radiotherapy for early-stage tumors and multimodality approaches for advanced cases. The choice between surgery and radiotherapy is debated, with potential advantages and drawbacks for each. Radiotherapy, especially with Interventional RadioTherapy (IRT, previously known as brachytherapy), is gaining prominence, showing promising outcomes in terms of local control and cosmetic results. Prophylactic neck treatment remains controversial, with indications based on tumor characteristics. Prognostic factors include T classification, tumor size, surgical margins, nodal involvement, and histological features. Long-term survival rates range widely, emphasizing the need for further studies to refine management strategies for this rare malignancy. In conclusion, NVSCC poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, warranting multidisciplinary approaches and continued research efforts to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Testa
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Hospital, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - D Mattavelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Hospital, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Rampinelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Hospital, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Conti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Hospital, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Hospital, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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van de Velde LJ, Scheurleer WFJ, Braunius WW, Devriese LA, de Ridder M, de Bree R, Breimer GE, van Dijk BA, Rijken JA. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule in the Netherlands: A clinical and epidemiological review of 763 cases (2008-2021). Head Neck 2024; 46:1809-1821. [PMID: 38511478 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule (SCCNV) is a rare disease, distinctly different in presentation, treatment, and outcome from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. However, these are often not analyzed separately. METHODS The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) and pathology reports from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) were used to identify all newly diagnosed SCCNV cases in the Netherlands between 2008 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 763 patients were included. The yearly incidence rate displayed a significant downward trend with an annual percentage change (APC) of -3.9%. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 69.0% and 77.2%, respectively. The 5-year relative survival was 77.9% and improved slightly over the inclusion period. OS for patients who were staged cT3 appeared to be worse than those staged cT4a, calling the applicability of the TNM-classification into question. CONCLUSION SCC of the nasal vestibule is rare, with declining incidence rates. Introducing a specific topography code for SCCNV is recommended to enhance registration accuracy. The TNM classification seems poorly applicable to SCCNV, suggesting the need to explore alternative staging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise J van de Velde
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W F Julius Scheurleer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Weibel Braunius
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lot A Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa de Ridder
- Department of Radiation oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben E Breimer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje A van Dijk
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Rijken
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Draghini L, Lancellotta V, Fionda B, De Angeli M, Cornacchione P, Massaccesi M, Trippa F, Kovács G, Morganti AG, Bussu F, Iezzi R, Tagliaferri L. Can interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) be an alternative to surgery in early-stage oral cavity cancer? A systematic review. Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:367-376. [PMID: 38108835 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brachytherapy (BT), also known as interventional radiotherapy (IRT), has proven its utility in the treatment of localized tumors. The aim of this review was to examine the efficacy of modern BT in early-stage oral cavity cancer (OCC) in terms of local control (LC), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and safety. METHODS The SPIDER framework was used, with sample (S), phenomena of interest (PI), design (D), evaluation (E), and research type (R) corresponding to early-stage oral cavity cancer (S); BT (PI); named types of qualitative data collection and analysis (D); LC, OS, DFS, CSS, and toxicity (E); qualitative method (R). Systematic research using PubMed and Scopus was performed to identify full articles evaluating the efficacy of BT in patients with early-stage OCC. The studies were identified using medical subject headings (MeSH). We also performed a PubMed search with the keywords "brachytherapy oral cavity cancer, surgery." The search was restricted to the English language. The timeframe 2002-2022 as year of publication was considered. We analyzed clinical studies of patients with OCC treated with BT alone only as full text; conference papers, surveys, letters, editorials, book chapters, and reviews were excluded. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 517 articles. After the selection process, 7 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review, totaling 456 patients with early-stage node-negative OCC who were treated with BT alone (304 patients). Five-year LC, DFS, and OS for the BT group were 60-100%, 82-91%, and 50-84%, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our review suggests that BT is effective in the treatment of early-stage OCC, particularly for T1N0 of the lip, mobile tongue, and buccal mucosa cancers, with good functional and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Draghini
- S.C. Radiation Oncology Centre, S.Maria Hospital, via T. Di Joannuccio 1, 05100, Terni, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lancellotta
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Fionda
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina De Angeli
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cornacchione
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Massaccesi
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Trippa
- S.C. Radiation Oncology Centre, S.Maria Hospital, via T. Di Joannuccio 1, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - Gyoergy Kovács
- Gemelli-INTERACTS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Settore Scientifico Disciplinare, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia-U.O.C. Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Graf AE, Kaplowitz L, Butts SC. Nasal Lining Reconstruction with Loco-regional Flaps. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2024; 32:229-237. [PMID: 38575281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The reliability of local intranasal flaps speaks to the robust vascularity of the nose, which these flaps are based on. The goals for lining replacement, as in any other area of head and neck reconstruction, is to use tissue that best matches the qualities of what is being replaced. The goal of this review is to describe the extent to which local tissues can be used and when to consider regional flaps when the extent of a local flap will not provide enough coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Graf
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lee Kaplowitz
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - Sydney C Butts
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Bussu F, Fionda B, Rigante M, Rizzo D, Loperfido A, Gallus R, De Luca LM, Corbisiero MF, Lancellotta V, Tondo A, D’Aviero A, Mattiucci GC, Kovacs G, Galli J, Tagliaferri L. Interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) for re-irradiation of recurrent head and neck malignancies: oncologic outcomes and morbidity. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2024; 44:S28-S36. [PMID: 38745514 PMCID: PMC11098534 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-44-2024-n2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective Management of recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) is challenging. One option in previously irradiated patients is re-irradiation using interventional radiotherapy (IRT), the modern form of brachytherapy. Re-irradiation using IRT can be delivered as an exclusive strategy for salvage or through a postoperative or perioperative approach after salvage surgery. The aim of the present study is to analyse a bicentric Italian series focusing on the use of IRT as a re-irradiation modality and assess the resulting evidence concerning oncologic outcomes and morbidity. Methods This is a retrospective study performed in two referral centres in Italy: Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria in Sassari. All patients who had previously received a full course of external beam RT and have been re-irradiated using high-dose-rate IRT between December 2010 and June 2023 were included. Patients were retreated either by a combination of surgery and perioperative (either endocavitary or interstitial) IRT or by exclusive interstitial IRT. Results Thirty-four patients were included in the present series, 2 of whom underwent more than one IRT re-irradiation. Notably, no patient reported specific IRT-related toxicities. Median follow-up, excluding patients who died of HNC, was 24.5 months. Two-year local relapse-free survival was 26%, disease-specific survival 39.1%, and overall survival 36.6%. Conclusions The present series is the largest reported experience of re-irradiation by IRT for HNC in Italy. The very low rate of toxicity confirms IRT as the safest re-irradiation modality. It is noteworthy to underline that IRT is a multidisciplinary strategy based on the close cooperation between surgeons and radiation oncologists during every phase, from the recommendation of treatment and implantation in the operating theatre, to its prescription and dose painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bussu
- Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fionda
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Rigante
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Rizzo
- Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Loperfido
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Dipartimento Testa, Collo e delle Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gallus
- Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Laura Maria De Luca
- Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michaele Francesco Corbisiero
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Valentina Lancellotta
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tondo
- Divisione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea D’Aviero
- UO di Radioterapia Oncologica, Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | | | - Gyorgy Kovacs
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Gemelli-INTERACTS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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6
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Bussu F, Tagliaferri L, Corbisiero MF, Lotto C, Pellini R, Guarino P, Mercante G, Galuppi A, Cariti F, Almadori G, Longo F, Calabrese L, Galli J, Presutti L, Nicolai P, Molteni G. Management of nasal vestibule carcinomas: recommendations by the Oncological Committee of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2024; 44:13-20. [PMID: 38420717 PMCID: PMC10914357 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule (NV SCC) is a head and neck malignancy for which there is no established consensus on most aspects of clinical management. The purpose of this document is to give updated recommendations that incorporate recent evidence on its clinical characteristics and the high efficacy of brachytherapy as primary treatment modality. Methods A working group consisting of the members of the Scientific Committee for Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and radiation oncologists expert in brachytherapy was formed to achieve a consensus. Results Consensus was reached on a set of recommendations, proposing a refined anatomical definition of the nasal vestibule, a novel T staging system of the NV SCC, and brachytherapy as standard of care, with a new method for catheter implantation. Conclusions The Committee emphasises the critical role of an accurate classification in clinical practice and encourages further research to validate the novel staging system and further improve treatment strategies. Where appropriate, it is recommended that patients be referred to centres with specific experience in brachytherapy for NV SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bussu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Sassari University, Italy
- Otolaryngology Division, Sassari University Hospital, Sassaey, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Radioterapiche ed Ematologiche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Lotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Otolaryngology and Audiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Head and Neck Department, IRCCS National Cancer Institute “Regina Elena” Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Guarino
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit, “Santo Spirito” Hospital of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Andrea Galuppi
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cariti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, “Mons. Dimiccoli” Hospital, Barletta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Maxillofacial & ENT Surgery Unit, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Presutti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Otolaryngology and Audiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Molteni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Otolaryngology and Audiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rubino C, Trignano E, Bussu F, Serra PL, Rodio M, Tettamanzi M, Rampazzo S. Salvage Strategies for Local Recurrences of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule: A Single-Center Experience of 22 Years. J Clin Med 2024; 13:541. [PMID: 38256675 PMCID: PMC10816016 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal vestibule are an extremely rare neoplastic disease. Although brachytherapy is gaining popularity for primary treatment, surgery remains the best option in case of recurrences. The aim of this paper is to outline our treatment experience of local recurrence of SCCNVs over the past 22 years. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of the patients who underwent surgical treatment for local recurrence of SCCNV: data regarding age, sex, primary tumor treatment, recurrence location and time of appearance, surgical resection, type of reconstruction, postoperative complication, surgical revision, and re-recurrence rate were analyzed. Twenty patients were included in the study. The median period for recurrence appearance was 17 months, and the prevalent location of recurrence was the nasal alae. Prevalent reconstructive procedures were the nasolabial flap and paramedian forehead flap. No postoperative complications were observed, and one case of re-recurrence was detected at 12-months of follow-up. Based on our experience, salvage surgical procedures for SCCNV recurrences must be individualized and carefully planned, taking into account the peculiar pattern of tumor spread and the presence of scar and heavily radiotherapy damaged tissue from previous treatment; delayed reconstruction should be considered for all the cases with skeletal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Rubino
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.R.); (E.T.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Emilio Trignano
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.R.); (E.T.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Otolaryngology Division, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Luciano Serra
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Training Program, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Manuela Rodio
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.R.); (E.T.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Training Program, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Matilde Tettamanzi
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.R.); (E.T.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Training Program, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Silvia Rampazzo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Trust of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.R.); (E.T.); (M.R.); (M.T.)
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Training Program, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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8
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Scheurleer WFJ, de Ridder M, Tagliaferri L, Crescio C, Parrilla C, Mattiucci GC, Fionda B, Deganello A, Galli J, de Bree R, Rijken JA, Bussu F. Validation of the "Rome" Classification for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38201465 PMCID: PMC10778048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is considered a rare malignancy that differs from other sinonasal malignancies in many respects. Four staging systems currently exist for this disease, the most recent addition being the "Rome" classification. This study assesses the use of this new classification and its prognostic value regarding various outcome measures. A retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule who were treated in three tertiary head and neck oncology referral centers was conducted. A total of 149 patients were included. The median follow-up duration was 27 months. Five-year locoregional control (LRC), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were 81.6%, 90.1, and 62.5% respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between the Rome classification and all survival outcomes in both univariable and multivariable analyses. Moreover, it appeared to perform better than the Union for International Cancer Control TNM classification for tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The new Rome classification can be used effectively and is associated with LRC, DSS, and OS. However, it requires further validation in a larger (prospective) study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Frederik Julius Scheurleer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa de Ridder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Crescio
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Parrilla
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Mattiucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mater Olbia Hospital, SS 125 Orientale Sarda, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Bruno Fionda
- Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Deganello
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Rijken
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Scheurleer WFJ, Tagliaferri L, Rijken JA, Crescio C, Rizzo D, Mattiucci GC, Pameijer FA, de Bree R, Fionda B, de Ridder M, Bussu F. Evaluation of Staging Systems for Cancer of the Nasal Vestibule. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113028. [PMID: 37296990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is reported to account for less than one percent of all head and neck malignancies. It lacks a designated WHO ICD-O topography code, and multiple systems are available for the staging of this disease, which results in unwanted variability and the subsequent poor reliability of data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the currently available staging systems for cancer of the nasal vestibule, including the recently introduced classification by Bussu et al., which built on Wang's original concept but with clearer anatomical cutoffs. Different staging systems for cancer of the nasal vestibule (UICC nasal cavity, UICC skin cancer of the head and neck, Wang and Bussu et al.) were evaluated via a retrospective analysis of 148 patients. The staging system, per Bussu et al., had the most balanced allocation of patients among the stages. When using the Wang classification as a reference, stage migration occurred less frequently with the Bussu classification. The widespread adoption of a single staging system, as well as the introduction of a designated topography code for cancer of the nasal vestibule, could lead to more uniformity in data reporting and improve an understanding of the incidence and disease outcome. The newly proposed carcinoma of the nasal vestibule classification by Bussu et al. has the potential to improve the staging and allocation among stages. Further analysis of survival data is needed to assess which classification system is best suited for nasal vestibule carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Frederik Julius Scheurleer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''A. Gemelli'' IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes A Rijken
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Crescio
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Rizzo
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Mattiucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mater Olbia Hospital, SS 125 Orientale Sarda, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Frank A Pameijer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Fionda
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''A. Gemelli'' IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mischa de Ridder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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