1
|
Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Daehn IS, Ekperikpe US, Stadler K. Redox regulation in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F135-F149. [PMID: 37262088 PMCID: PMC10393330 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus, where currently there is no cure available. Several important mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication, with oxidative stress being one of the key factors. The past decades have seen a large number of publications with various aspects of this topic; however, the specific details of redox regulation in DKD are still unclear. This is partly because redox biology is very complex, coupled with a complex and heterogeneous organ with numerous cell types. Furthermore, often times terms such as "oxidative stress" or reactive oxygen species are used as a general term to cover a wide and rich variety of reactive species and their differing reactions. However, no reactive species are the same, and not all of them are capable of biologically relevant reactions or "redox signaling." The goal of this review is to provide a biochemical background for an array of specific reactive oxygen species types with varying reactivity and specificity in the kidney as well as highlight some of the advances in redox biology that are paving the way to a better understanding of DKD development and risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mazzierli T, Allegretta F, Maffini E, Allinovi M. Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: An updated review of causative drugs, pathophysiology, and management. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1088031. [PMID: 36699080 PMCID: PMC9868185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1088031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DITMA) represents 10%-13% of all thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) cases and about 20%-30% of secondary TMAs, just behind pregnancy-related and infection-related forms. Although the list of drugs potentially involved as causative for TMA are rapidly increasing, the scientific literature on DITMA is quite scarce (mostly as individual case reports or little case series), leading to poor knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical management. In this review, we focused on these critical aspects regarding DITMA. We provided an updated list of TMA-associated drugs that we selected from a scientific literature review, including only those drugs with a definite or probable causal association with TMA. The list of drugs is heterogeneous and could help physicians from several different areas to be familiar with DITMA. We describe the clinical features of DITMA, presenting the full spectrum of clinical manifestations, from systemic to kidney-limited forms. We also analyze the association between signs/symptoms (i.e., malignant hypertension, thrombocytopenia) and specific DITMA causative drugs (i.e., interferon, ticlopidine). We highlighted their multiple different pathophysiological mechanisms, being frequently classified as immune-mediated (idiosyncratic) and dose-related/toxic. In particular, to clarify the role of the complement system and genetic deregulation of the related genes, we conducted a revision of the scientific literature searching for DITMA cases who underwent renal biopsy and/or genetic analysis for complement genes. We identified a complement deposition in renal biopsies in half of the patients (37/66; 57%), with some drugs associated with major deposits (i.e., gemcitabine and ramucirumab), particularly in capillary vessels (24/27; 88%), and other with absent deposits (tyrosine kinase inhibitors and intraocular anti-VEGF). We also found out that, differently from other secondary TMAs (such as pregnancy-related-TMA and malignant hypertension TMA), complement genetic pathological mutations are rarely involved in DITMA (2/122, 1.6%). These data suggest a variable non-genetic complement hyperactivation in DITMA, which probably depends on the causative drug involved. Finally, based on recent literature data, we proposed a treatment approach for DITMA, highlighting the importance of drug withdrawal and the role of therapeutic plasma-exchange (TPE), rituximab, and anti-complementary therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mazzierli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy,Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Allegretta
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy,Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Maffini
- Department of Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy,Correspondence: Marco Allinovi,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Yu H, Sun Q, Pei F, Xia Q, Gao Z, Li X. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract targets p66Shc to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1035755. [PMID: 36686673 PMCID: PMC9853208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are associated with renal mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiological development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Decreased p66Shc expression prevents DKD progression by significantly regulating mitochondrial function. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a potential therapeutic medicine for multiple kinds of diseases. The effect of GSPE on the mitochondrial function and p66Shc in DKD has not been elucidated. Hence, we decided to identify p66Shc as a therapeutic target candidate to probe whether GSPE has a renal protective effect in DKD and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) and treated with GSPE. Biochemical changes, mitochondrial morphology, the ultrastructure of nephrons, and protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM) and dynamics (DRP1, MFN1) were determined. In vitro, HK-2 cells were transfected with p66Shc and treated with GSPE to evaluate changes in cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial quality, the protein expression. RESULTS In vivo, GSPE significantly improved the renal function of rats, with less proteinuria and a lower apoptosis rate in the injured renal tissue. Besides, GSPE treatment increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, and MFN1 expression, decreased p66Shc and DRP1 expression. In vitro, overexpression of p66Shc decreased the resistance of HK-2 cells to high glucose toxicity, as shown by increased apoptosis and ROS production, decreased mitochondrial quality and mitochondrial biogenesis, and disturbed mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis, ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. While GSPE treatment reduced p66Shc expression and reversed these changes. CONCLUSION GSPE can maintain the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by negatively regulating p66Shc expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Song
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhaoli Gao, ; Xianhua Li,
| | - Xianhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhaoli Gao, ; Xianhua Li,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian S, Zhao H, Song H. Shared signaling pathways and targeted therapy by natural bioactive compounds for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5039-5056. [PMID: 36397728 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showed that patients suffering from obesity and T2DM are significantly at higher risk for chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and intestinal flora imbalance. Increasing evidence of pathological characteristics illustrates that some common signaling pathways participate in the occurrence, progression, treatment, and prevention of obesity and T2DM. These signaling pathways contain the pivotal players in glucose and lipid metabolism, e.g., AMPK, PI3K/AKT, FGF21, Hedgehog, Notch, and WNT; the inflammation response, for instance, Nrf2, MAPK, NF- kB, and JAK/STAT. Bioactive compounds from plants have emerged as key food components related to healthy status and disease prevention. They can act as signaling molecules to initiate or mediate signaling transduction that regulates cell function and homeostasis to repair and re-functionalize the damaged tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously investigate bioactive compounds as sources of new pharmaceuticals for obesity and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information of the commonly shared signaling pathways between obesity and T2DM, and we also summarize the therapeutic bioactive compounds that may serve as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetes therapeutics by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Podocytopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030403. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathies are kidney diseases that are driven by podocyte injury with proteinuria and proteinuria-related symptoms as the main clinical presentations. Albeit podocytopathies are the major contributors to end-stage kidney disease, the underlying molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury remain to be elucidated. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is associated with kidney diseases, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of podocytopathies. Accumulating evidence has placed mitochondrial oxidative stress in the focus of cell death research. Excessive generated reactive oxygen species over antioxidant defense under pathological conditions lead to oxidative damage to cellular components and regulate cell death in the podocyte. Conversely, exogenous antioxidants can protect podocyte from cell death. This review provides an overview of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in podocytopathies and discusses its role in the cell death of the podocyte, aiming to identify the novel targets to improve the treatment of patients with podocytopathies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mousavi S, Khazeei Tabari MA, Bagheri A, Samieefar N, Shaterian N, Kelishadi R. The Role of p66Shc in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review from Bench to Bedside. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:7703520. [PMID: 36465704 PMCID: PMC9715346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7703520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that diabetes is an inflammatory and oxidative disease, with an escalating global burden. Still, there is no definite treatment for diabetes or even prevention of its harmful complications. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways associated with diabetes might help in finding a solution. p66Shc is a member of Shc family proteins, and it is considered as an oxidative stress sensor and regulator in cells. There are inconsistent data about the role of p66Shc in inducing diabetes, but accumulating evidence supports its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications, including macro and microangiopathies. There is growing hope that by understanding and targeting molecular pathways involved in this network, prevention of diabetes or its complications would be achievable. This review provides an overview about the role of p66Shc in the development of diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SeyedehFatemeh Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bagheri
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shaterian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- USERN Office, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng F, Cheng Y, Zhao X, An L, Yang L, Li Z, Zhang L, He R. NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase serves an important role in cutaneous melanoma occurrence and development. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1382. [PMID: 34650630 PMCID: PMC8506948 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to discuss the effects and relative mechanisms of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (NEDD4) in cutaneous melanoma (CMM) occurrence and development. Clinical cancer and adjacent normal tissues samples were collected to analyze pathological changes and protein expression of NEDD4. Moreover, small interfering (si)RNA was used to knockdown NEDD4 expression in SK-MEL-2 and Malme-3M cells. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and migration were examined using colony formation, flow cytometric, Transwell and wound-healing assays, respectively. In addition, the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of NEDD4, notch receptor 1 (Notch1) and PTEN were evaluated via reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and western blotting. It was found that NEDD4 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated (both P<0.01). Following NEDD4-knockdown, colony number was significantly decreased, while the apoptotic rate was significantly increased, the invasive cell number was significantly inhibited and the wound-healing capacity was significantly decreased. Following si-NEDD4 transfection, RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that NEDD4 and Notch1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly downregulated, while those of PTEN were significantly upregulated in the SK-MEL-2 and Malme-3M cell lines. Collectively, the current results suggest that NEDD4-knockdown effectively suppressed CMM biological activity by regulating the Notch1/PTEN pathway in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Lihui An
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550023, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Chang J, Wang ZQ, Li Y. Sirt3 promotes the autophagy of HK‑2 human proximal tubular epithelial cells via the inhibition of Notch‑1/Hes‑1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:634. [PMID: 34278469 PMCID: PMC8281085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a predominant cause of end-stage renal disease. The impairment of the autophagy of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of DN. Sirtuin (Sirt)3 regulates the scavenging of damaged organelles and maintains energy balance. The present study aimed to examine the protective effects of Sirt3 on HK-2 cells stimulated by high glucose (HG). HK-2 cells were cultured in normal glucose (NG), HG or hyperosmotic medium. The viability of the HK-2 cells was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression and localization of Sirt3 were detected via immunofluorescence. Following transfection with an overexpression plasmid, the expression levels of key components in the Notch homolog 1 (Notch-1)/hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes-1) pathway and those of the autophagy-related proteins, Beclin-1, LC-3II and p62, were measured by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). As the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway was inhibited, the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC-3II and p62 were also examined at transcriptional and translational level. It was found that prolonged culture in HG medium markedly reduced cell viability compared with the cells cultured in NG or in NG + mannitol, an effect that was aggravated with the increasing duration of culture. HG was capable of inhibiting the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC-3II and Sirt3, and upregulating p62 and the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway, as verified by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. The results of immunofluorescence staining revealed that HG decreased Sirt3 expression. Sirt3 reversed the HG-induced inhibition of the expression of Beclin-1 and LC-3II and the upregulation of p62. Moreover, Sirt3 reversed the HG-induced inhibition of the Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway. However, this autophagy-promoting effect of Sirt3 was counteracted by the Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway activator. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that Sirt3 promoted the autophagy of HK-2 cells, at least partly, via the downregulation of Notch-1/Hes-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Bayan Nur Hospital, Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 015000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Y, Deng M, Ke X, Lei X, Ju H, Liu Z, Bai X. Epidermal Growth Factor Protects Against High Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury Possibly via Modulation of Autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Through DNA Methylation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2255-2268. [PMID: 34045875 PMCID: PMC8149214 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious health problem worldwide. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has suggested as a potential biomarker for the progression of chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined the effects of EGF on the high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The cell proliferation, toxicity, and cell apoptosis of podocytes were determined by CCK-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and flow cytometry, respectively, and protein levels in the podocytes were determined by Western blot assay. Mechanistically, DNA methylation analysis, bioinformatic analysis, methylation‑specific PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze functional pathways in differentially methylated genes and the expression of the key methylated genes in the podocytes after different interventions. RESULTS EGF treatment significantly increased the protein expression level of LC3 and decreased the protein level of P62 in HG-stimulated podocytes, which was attenuated by autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. EGF increased the cell proliferation and the protein expression levels of nephrin and synaptopodin, but reduced cell toxicity and cell apoptosis and protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3, which was partially antagonized by 3-methyladenine. DNA methylation expression profiles revealed the differential hypermethylation sites and hypomethylation sites among podocytes treated with normal glucose, HG and HG+EGF. GO enrichment analysis showed that DNA methylation was significantly enriched in negative regulation of phosphorylation, cell-cell junction and GTPase binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt, Hippo and autophagy pathways. Further validation studies revealed that six hub genes (ITGB1, GRB2, FN1, ITGB3, FZD10 and FGFR1) may be associated with the protective effects of EGF on the HG-induced podocyte injury. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that EGF exerted protective effects on HG-induced podocytes injury via enhancing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies implied that EGF-mediated protective effects in HG-stimulated podocytes may be associated with modulation of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice; Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaosu Bai Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Longhua People’s Hospital, No. 2, Jianshe East Road, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, 518109, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-755-27741585 Email
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Packer M. Role of Impaired Nutrient and Oxygen Deprivation Signaling and Deficient Autophagic Flux in Diabetic CKD Development: Implications for Understanding the Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:907-919. [PMID: 32276962 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress, which trigger changes in ion channels and inflammatory pathways that may undermine cellular homeostasis and survival, are critical determinants of injury in the diabetic kidney. Cells are normally able to mitigate these cellular stresses by maintaining high levels of autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that clears the cytoplasm of dysfunctional organelles. However, the capacity for autophagy in both podocytes and renal tubular cells is markedly impaired in type 2 diabetes, and this deficiency contributes importantly to the intensity of renal injury. The primary drivers of autophagy in states of nutrient and oxygen deprivation-sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α)-can exert renoprotective effects by promoting autophagic flux and by exerting direct effects on sodium transport and inflammasome activation. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by marked suppression of SIRT1 and AMPK, leading to a diminution in autophagic flux in glomerular podocytes and renal tubules and markedly increasing their susceptibility to renal injury. Importantly, because insulin acts to depress autophagic flux, these derangements in nutrient deprivation signaling are not ameliorated by antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance insulin secretion or signaling. Metformin is an established AMPK agonist that can promote autophagy, but its effects on the course of CKD have been demonstrated only in the experimental setting. In contrast, the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be related primarily to enhanced SIRT1 and HIF-2α signaling; this can explain the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors to promote ketonemia and erythrocytosis and potentially underlies their actions to increase autophagy and mute inflammation in the diabetic kidney. These distinctions may contribute importantly to the consistent benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors to slow the deterioration in glomerular function and reduce the risk of ESKD in large-scale randomized clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas .,Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He C, Liu G, Zhuang S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Huang Z, Zheng Y. Yu Nu Compound Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis Through mTOR in vivo and vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2081-2092. [PMID: 32606867 PMCID: PMC7308788 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yu Nu compound (YNJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely utilized to treat type 2 diabetes possibly through mediating autophagy. Abnormal podocyte autophagy and apoptosis could result in podocyte loss in diabetics nephropathy (DN). The mechanism of Yu Nu compound in DN is still unclear. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effects of Yu Nu compound and analyze the potential mechanism. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were administered using YNJ with different doses once a day by gavage for 4 weeks. The renal cortex injury was observed by HE staining and electron microscope. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was analyzed by TUNNEL staining. The mTOR, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot or real-time PCR in vivo and vitro. MPC5 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 30mM) for 12h to simulate podocyte injury in DN. MPC5 cells were treated by serum containing YNJ with different dosages. Cell activities and apoptosis were, respectively, detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that the medium dose of YNJ had better effects on decreasing blood glucose and improving renal injury in GK rats, followed by decreasing mTOR levels. The autophagy levels were enhanced in renal cortex, accompanied with the increase of cell apoptosis in vivo. Besides, the proteins regulating autophagy and apoptosis were significantly modulated by YNJ in GK rats. Then, we found that the decreasing endogenous mTOR could reverse the effects of YNJ on podocyte apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. DISCUSSION The study suggested that YNJ recovered normal autophagy and suppressed apoptosis through regulating mTOR. The maintenance of normal basal autophagic activity possibly based on the effect of YNJ on multiple target was essential for maintaining podocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caigu He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Caigu He Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hetian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|