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Wu Z, Guo J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ma H, Tang Y. MiR-425-5p accelerated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via targeting AFF4. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:138. [PMID: 34686190 PMCID: PMC8539801 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating data have established that microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant regulatory roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian cancer (OC). MiR-425-5p was reported to function in various tumors. However, the roles and underlying mechanism of miR-425-5p involvement in OC development and progression are unclear. Methods A comprehensive strategy of data mining, computational biology, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the involvement of miR-425-5p in OC progression. The effect of miR-425-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound-healing, and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Luciferase assay was performed to evaluate the interactions between miR-425-5p and MAGI2-AS3 or AFF4. Results miR-425-5p was significantly up-regulated in OC tissues and cells. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-425-5p was negatively regulated by MAGI2-AS3. Silencing miR-425-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that AFF4 was the target gene of miR-425-5p. Moreover, AFF4 expression was significantly decreased in OC and was closely related to the good prognosis of patients with OC. AFF4 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells in vitro. By contrast, silencing AFF4 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells in vitro. Finally, AFF4 suppression rescued the inhibitory effect of silencing miR-425-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Conclusion To the best our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that miR-425-5p overexpression in OC is negatively regulated by MAGI2-AS3. Moreover, miR-425-5p promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells by targeting AFF4, suggesting that miR-425-5p/AFF4 signaling pathway represented a novel therapeutic target for patients with OC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-021-00894-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- Department of Laboratory, Second People's Hospital, Kashgar Area, Xinjiang, 844000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tuoli County People's Hospital, Tacheng, Xinjiang, 834500, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - Hongping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yurong Tang
- Laboratory Department of Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257100, China.
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Mirahmadi Y, Nabavi R, Taheri F, Samadian MM, Ghale-Noie ZN, Farjami M, Samadi-khouzani A, Yousefi M, Azhdari S, Salmaninejad A, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3408937. [PMID: 34721577 PMCID: PMC8553480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3408937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality. Regardless of outstanding advances, which have been made for improving the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, the majority of the patients will die of the disease. Late-stage diagnosis and the occurrence of recurrent cancer after treatment are the most important causes of the high mortality rate observed in ovarian cancer patients. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer may help find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional stage, through binding to mRNA targets and inducing translational repression or degradation of target via the RNA-induced silencing complex. Over the last two decades, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, including ovarian cancer, has been documented in multiple studies. Consequently, these small RNAs could be considered as reliable markers for prognosis and early diagnosis. Furthermore, given the function of miRNAs in various cellular pathways, including cell survival and differentiation, targeting miRNAs could be an interesting approach for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated role of the important dysregulation of miRNAs and their roles in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we meticulously discuss the significance of miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Lastly, we mention the opportunities and the efforts made for targeting ovarian cancer through inhibition and/or stimulation of the miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Mirahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fourough Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Samadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Samadi-khouzani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang P, Zhu J, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Sun H, Gao S. miRNA-574-3p inhibits metastasis and chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by negatively regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4151-4165. [PMID: 31396325 PMCID: PMC6684900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This current study explored the role of miRNA-574-3p and the related molecular mechanisms in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS Tissues of ovarian cancer patients were applied to explore the correlation between miRNA-574-3p and EOC. The role of miRNA-574-3p in migration, invasion and chemoresistance of EOC cells was evaluated by overexpression and suppression of miRNA-574-3p in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells. For the sake of exploring how miRNA-574-3p regulated tumor migration, invasion and chemoresistance of EOC cells, we detected several related molecular expressions and activities of signaling pathways. RESULTS Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was correlated with downregulation of miR-574-3p in EOC tissues. Overexpression of miRNA-574-3p in EOC cells led to inhibition of cell migration as well as invasion, and it significantly promoted the sensitivities of EOC cells to paclitaxel and cisplatin. Molecular experiments showed miR-574-3p inhibited activation of AKT, FAK and c-Src, as well as MMP-9 expression via targeting EGFR. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data demonstrated that miRNA-574-3p inhibits both tumor metastasis and chemoresistance in EOC via targeting EGFR. Thus, targeting miRNA-574-3p may become a potential molecular method for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengnan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
| | - Shujun Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200000, China
- The Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Cervical Disease, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200000, China
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Liang C, Yu S, Wong KC, Luo J. A novel semi-supervised model for miRNA-disease association prediction based on [Formula: see text]-norm graph. J Transl Med 2018; 16:357. [PMID: 30547813 PMCID: PMC6295065 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of miRNA-disease associations has attracted much attention recently due to the functional roles of miRNAs implicated in various biological and pathological processes. Great efforts have been made to discover the potential associations between miRNAs and diseases both experimentally and computationally. Although reliable, the experimental methods are in general time-consuming and labor-intensive. In comparison, computational methods are more efficient and applicable to large-scale datasets. METHODS In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised model to predict miRNA-disease associations via [Formula: see text]-norm graph. Specifically, we first recalculate the miRNA functional similarities as well as the disease semantic similarities based on the latest version of MeSH descriptors and HMDD. We then update the similarity matrices and association matrix iteratively in both miRNA space and disease space. The optimized association matrices from each space are combined together as the final output. RESULTS Compared with four state-of-the-art prediction methods, our method achieved favorable performance with AUCs of 0.943 and 0.946 in both global LOOCV and local LOOCV, respectively. In addition, we carried out three types of case studies on five common human diseases, and most of the top 50 predicted miRNAs were confirmed to be associated with the investigated diseases by four databases dbDEMC, PheomiR, miR2Disease and miRwayDB. Specifically, our results provided potential evidence that miRNAs within the same family or cluster were likely to play functional roles together in given diseases. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the experimental results clearly demonstrated the utility of the proposed method. We anticipated that our method could serve as a reliable and efficient tool for miRNA-disease association prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358 China
| | - Shengpeng Yu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358 China
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Jiawei Luo
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
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Liu H, Pan Y, Han X, Liu J, Li R. MicroRNA-216a promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer by suppressing the PTEN/AKT pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2701-2709. [PMID: 28579808 PMCID: PMC5449156 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a group of posttranscriptional regulators of numerous genes, are active participators during the development and progression of ovarian cancer (OC). This study confirmed for the first time that miR-216a was gradually increased in normal, benign, borderline, and OC tissues and that its expression was significantly upregulated in all OC cell lines. Analysis of its clinical association demonstrated that elevated expression of miR-216a was associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced FIGO stage and was correlated with the poor survival of OC patients. Functional experiments showed that miR-216a overexpression potentiated the migration and invasion of CAOV3 cells while miR-216a inhibition reduced the migration and invasion of SKOV-3 cells. Both gain and lose of function assay showed that miR-216a promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OC cells. Mechanistically, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was confirmed as a direct downstream target of miR-216a in OC cells. Alerting miR-216a expression in OC cells modulated the activity of PTEN/AKT pathway in OC cells. Furthermore, this study confirmed that miR-216a exerted its promoting effects on the metastatic behaviors and EMT of OC cells by inhibiting PTEN/AKT pathway. Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-216a exerts a promoting role in the metastasis of OC and can serve as a promising biomarker and an attractive therapeutic target of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Hu Y, Li L. NRP1 is targeted by miR-130a and miR-130b, and is associated with multidrug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer based on integrated gene network analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:188-96. [PMID: 26573160 PMCID: PMC4686085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a public health issue for women worldwide, and its molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to predict the potential genes involved in MDR, and examine the mechanisms underlying MDR in EOC using bioinformatics techniques. In the present study, four public microarray datasets, including GSE41499, GSE33482, GSE15372 and GSE28739, available in Gene Expression Omnibus were downloaded, and 11 microRNAs (miRNA; miRs), including miR-130a, miR-214, let-7i, miR-125b, miR-376c, miR-199a, miR-93, miR-141, miR-130b, miR-193b* and miR-200c, from previously published reports in PubMed were used to perform a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis through gene expression analysis, signaling pathway analysis, literature co-occurrence and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. The results demonstrated that the expression of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) was upregulated, thereby acting as the most important hub gene in the integrated gene network. NRP1 was targeted by miR-130a and miR-130b at the binding site of chromosome 10: 33466864-3466870, which was involved in the axon guidance signaling pathway. These results suggested that alteration of the gene expression levels of NRP1 expression may contribute to MDR in EOC. These data provide important information for further experimental investigations of the drug resistance-associated functions of NRP1 in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Wang M, Wu J, Jie Z, Chang S, Shuang T. The clinicopathological significance of miR-1307 in chemotherapy resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:23. [PMID: 25887170 PMCID: PMC4449560 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the expression of miR-1307 in chemosensitive and chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines and to analyze the clinicopathological significance of miR-1307 in ovarian cancer. Methods MicroRNA microarray was used to screen differentially expressed microRNAs between the chemosensitive and chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues. RT-PCR was used to validate the candidate microRNA. The potential target genes and their enriched biological pathways of microRNA were also analyzed. Dual Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay was conducted to validate the regulation of miRNA-1307 on the 3’-UTR of DAPK3. Results miRNA-1307 was up-regulated in the chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues compared to the chemosensitive counterparts. The up-regulation of miRNA-1307 was not associated with menopause, tumor differentiation state, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer. Gene ontology analysis of miR-1307 candidate target genes indicated that miR-1307 candidate target genes were enriched in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, nucleotide synthesis and metabolism, and lymphocytes activation. Conclusion Our results suggest that miRNA-1307 may play a role in the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0143-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Zhihui Jie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Chang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Shuang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P.R. China.
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MicroRNA expression in salivary supernatant of patients with pancreatic cancer and its relationship with ZHENG. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:756347. [PMID: 25126577 PMCID: PMC4122139 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), diagnosis and prescriptions are based on the signs and symptoms which are recognized as ZHENG. The cornerstone of TCM is to differentially treat one ZHENG from others, which is also known as syndrome differentiation, and this relies on the gathering of clinical information through inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. However, the biomolecular basis of the ZHENG remains unclear. In this study, the expressions of 384 cancer-related miRNAs in salivary supernatant of patients with pancreatic cancer were assessed by miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, and the different expression patterns of miRNA in three different groups of ZHENG were studied with use of real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Some miRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in some ZHENGs, for instance, miR-17, miR-21, and miR-181b in Shi-Re ZHENG and miR-196a in Pi-Xu ZHENG. This indicates that these miRNAs may play important roles in different ZHENG condition. Therefore, this study to some extent revealed the molecular basis of TCM ZHENG in pancreatic cancer.
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Microvesicles as potential ovarian cancer biomarkers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:703048. [PMID: 23484144 PMCID: PMC3581088 DOI: 10.1155/2013/703048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the incidence of ovarian cancer is low (i.e., less than 5% in European countries), it is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and typically has a poor prognosis. To ensure optimal survival, it is important to diagnose this condition when the pathology is confined to the ovary. However, this is difficult to achieve because the first specific symptoms appear only during advanced disease stages. To date, the biomarker mainly used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer is CA125; however, this marker has a low sensitivity and specificity and is associated with several other physiological and pathological conditions. No other serum ovarian cancer markers appear to be able to replace or complement CA125, and the current challenge is therefore to identify novel markers for the early diagnosis of this disease. For this purpose, studies have focused on the microvesicles (MVs) released from tumor cells. MVs may represent an ideal biomarker because they can be easily isolated from blood, and they have particular features (mainly regarding microRNA profiles) that strongly correlate with ovarian cancer stage and may be effective for early diagnosis.
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Lee H, Park CS, Deftereos G, Morihara J, Stern JE, Hawes SE, Swisher E, Kiviat NB, Feng Q. MicroRNA expression in ovarian carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:174. [PMID: 22925189 PMCID: PMC3449188 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is known to be deregulated in ovarian carcinomas. However, limited data is available about the miRNA expression pattern for the benign or borderline ovarian tumors as well as differential miRNA expression pattern associated with histological types, grades or clinical stages in ovarian carcinomas. We defined patterns of microRNA expression in tissues from normal, benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors and explored the relationship between frequently deregulated miRNAs and clinicopathologic findings, response to therapy, survival, and association with Her-2/neu status in ovarian carcinomas. Methods We measured the expression of nine miRNAs (miR-181d, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-368, miR-370, miR-493-5p, miR-532-5p) in 171 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue blocks as well as six normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines using Taqman-based real-time PCR assays. Her-2/neu overexpression was assessed in ovarian carcinomas (n = 109 cases) by immunohistochemistry analysis. Results Expression of four miRNAs (miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-370) was significantly different between carcinomas and benign ovarian tissues as well as between carcinoma and borderline tissues. An additional three miRNAs (miR-181d, miR-30a-3p, miR-532-5p) were significantly different between borderline and carcinoma tissues. Expression of miR-532-5p was significantly lower in borderline than in benign tissues. Among ovarian carcinomas, expression of four miRNAs (miR-30a-3p, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p) was lowest in mucinous and highest in clear cell samples. Expression of miR-30a-3p was higher in well-differentiated compared to poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.02), and expression of miR-370 was higher in stage I/II compared to stage III/IV samples (P = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, higher expression of miR-181d, miR-30c, miR-30d, and miR-30e-3p was associated with significantly better disease-free or overall survival. Finally, lower expression of miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p and miR-532-5p was significantly associated with overexpression of Her-2/neu. Conclusions Aberrant expression of miRNAs is common in ovarian tumor suggesting involvement of miRNA in ovarian tumorigenesis. They are associated with histology, clinical stage, survival and oncogene expression in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Issabekova A, Berillo O, Regnier M, Anatoly I. Interactions of intergenic microRNAs with mRNAs of genes involved in carcinogenesis. Bioinformation 2012; 8:513-8. [PMID: 22829721 PMCID: PMC3398775 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs regulate gene expression by binding with mRNAs of many genes. Studying their effects on genes involved in oncogenesis is important in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The RNAHybrid 2.1 program was used to predict the strong miRNA binding sites (p < 0.0005) in target mRNAs. The program Finder 2.2 was created to verify 784 intergenic miRNAs (ig-miRNA) origin. Among 54 considered oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, 47 genes are the best targets for ig-miRNAs. Accordingly, these genes are strongly regulated by 111 ig-miRNAs. Some miRNAs bind several mRNAs, and some mRNAs have several binding sites for miRNAs. Of the 54 mRNAs, 21.8%, 43.0%, and 35.2% of the miRNA binding sites are present in the 5'UTRs, CDSes, and 3'UTRs, respectively. The average density of the binding sites for miRNAs in the 5'UTR was 4.4 times and 4.1 times greater than in the CDS and the 3'UTR, respectively. Three types of interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs were identified, which differ according to the region of the miRNA bound to the mRNA: 1) binding occurs predominantly via the 3'-region of the miRNA; 2) binding occurs predominantly through the central region of the miRNA; and 3) binding occurs predominantly via the 5'-region of the miRNA. Several miRNAs effectively regulate only one gene, and this information could be useful in molecular medicine to modulate translation of the target mRNA. We recommend described new sites for validation by experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Issabekova
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Berillo
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Mireille Regnier
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivashchenko Anatoly
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Kumar S, Kumar A, Shah PP, Rai SN, Panguluri SK, Kakar SS. MicroRNA signature of cis-platin resistant vs. cis-platin sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2011; 4:17. [PMID: 21939554 PMCID: PMC3205057 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in women worldwide. According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the reproductive cancers in women. Advanced stage diagnosis and chemo/radio-resistance is a major obstacle in treating advanced ovarian cancer. The most commonly employed chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer treatment is cis-platin. As with most chemotherapeutic drugs, many patients eventually become resistant to cis-platin and therefore, diminishing its effect. The efficacy of current treatments may be improved by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemo/radiation therapies. Methods The present study is focused on identifying the differential expression of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) between cis-platin sensitive (A2780), and cis-platin resistant (A2780/CP70) cell lines. Cell proliferation assays were conducted to test the sensitivity of the two cell lines to cis-platin. Differential expression patterns of miRNA between cis-platin sensitive and cis-platin resistant cell lines were analyzed using novel LNA technology. Results Our results revealed changes in expression of 11 miRNAs out of 1,500 miRNAs analyzed. Out of the 11 miRNAs identified, 5 were up-regulated in the A2780/CP70 cell line and 6 were down regulated as compared to cis-platin sensitive A2780 cells. Our microRNA data was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR for these selected miRNAs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed for the selected miRNAs and their putative targets to identify the potential pathways and networks involved in cis-platin resistance. Conclusions Our data clearly showed the differential expression of 11 miRNAs in cis-platin resistant cells, which could potentially target many important pathways including MAPK, TGF-β signaling, actin cytoskeleton, ubiquitin mediated proteasomal pathway, Wnt signaling, mTOR signaling, Notch signaling, apoptosis, and many other signaling pathways. Manipulation of one or more of these miRNAs could be an important approach for ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Kumar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Bapat SA, Jin V, Berry N, Balch C, Sharma N, Kurrey N, Zhang S, Fang F, Lan X, Li M, Kennedy B, Bigsby RM, Huang THM, Nephew KP. Multivalent epigenetic marks confer microenvironment-responsive epigenetic plasticity to ovarian cancer cells. Epigenetics 2010; 5:716-29. [PMID: 20676026 DOI: 10.4161/epi.5.8.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
"Epigenetic plasticity" refers to the capability of mammalian cells to alter their differentiation status via chromatin remodeling-associated alterations in gene expression. While epigenetic plasticity has been best associated with lineage commitment of embryonic stem cells, recent studies have demonstrated chromatin remodeling even in terminally differentiated normal cells, and advanced-stage melanoma and breast cancer cells, in context-dependent responses to alterations in their microenvironment. In the current study, we extend this attribute of epigenetic plasticity to aggressive ovarian cancer cells, by using an integrative approach to associate cellular phenotypes with chromatin modifications ("ChIP-chip") and mRNA and microRNA expression. While we identified numerous gene promoters possessing the well-known "bivalent mark" of H3K27me3/H3K4me2, we also report 14 distinct, lesser-known bi-, tri-, and tetravalent combinations of activating and repressive chromatin modifications, in platinum-resistant CP70 ovarian cancer cells. The vast majority (>90%) of all the histone marks studied localized to regions within 2000 bp of transcription start sites, supporting a role in gene regulation. Upon a simple alteration in the microenvironment, transition from two- to three-dimensional culture, an increase (17% to 38%) in repressive-only marked promoters was observed, concomitant with a decrease (31% to 21%) in multivalent (i.e., juxtaposed permissive and repressive histone marked) promoters. Like embryonic/tissue stem and other (non-ovarian) carcinoma cells, ovarian cancer cell epigenetic plasticity reflects an inherent transcriptional flexibility for context-responsive alterations in phenotype. It is possible that this plasticity could be therapeutically exploited for the management of this lethal gynecologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune, India.
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Mullerian inhibiting substance preferentially inhibits stem/progenitors in human ovarian cancer cell lines compared with chemotherapeutics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18874-9. [PMID: 20952655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012667107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are proposed to be tumor-initiating cells capable of tumorigenesis, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, and, like somatic stem cells, are thought to be capable of unlimited self-renewal and, when stimulated, proliferation and differentiation. Here we select cells by expression of a panel of markers to enrich for a population with stem cell-like characteristics. A panel of eight was initially selected from 95 human cell surface antigens as each was shared among human ovarian primary cancers, ovarian cancer cell lines, and normal fimbria. A total of 150 combinations of markers were reduced to a panel of three--CD44, CD24, and Epcam--which selected, in three ovarian cancer cell lines, those cells which best formed colonies. Cells expressing CD44, CD24, and Epcam exhibited stem cell characteristics of shorter tumor-free intervals in vivo after limiting dilution, and enhanced migration in invasion assays in vitro. Also, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel increased this enriched population which, conversely, was significantly inhibited by Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) or the MIS mimetic SP600125. These findings demonstrate that flow cytometry can be used to detect a population which shows differential drug sensitivity, and imply that treatment of patients can be individualized to target both stem/progenitor cell enriched and nonenriched subpopulations. The findings also suggest that this population, amenable to isolation by flow cytometry, can be used to screen for novel treatment paradigms, including biologic agents such as MIS, which will improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer.
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15
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Liu H, Brannon AR, Reddy AR, Alexe G, Seiler MW, Arreola A, Oza JH, Yao M, Juan D, Liou LS, Ganesan S, Levine AJ, Rathmell WK, Bhanot GV. Identifying mRNA targets of microRNA dysregulated in cancer: with application to clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:51. [PMID: 20420713 PMCID: PMC2876063 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA regulate mRNA levels in a tissue specific way, either by inducing degradation of the transcript or by inhibiting translation or transcription. Putative mRNA targets of microRNA identified from seed sequence matches are available in many databases. However, such matches have a high false positive rate and cannot identify tissue specificity of regulation. RESULTS We describe a simple method to identify direct mRNA targets of microRNA dysregulated in cancers from expression level measurements in patient matched tumor/normal samples. The word "direct" is used here in a strict sense to: a) represent mRNA which have an exact seed sequence match to the microRNA in their 3'UTR, b) the seed sequence match is strictly conserved across mouse, human, rat and dog genomes, c) the mRNA and microRNA expression levels can distinguish tumor from normal with high significance and d) the microRNA/mRNA expression levels are strongly and significantly anti-correlated in tumor and/or normal samples. We apply and validate the method using clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and matched normal kidney samples, limiting our analysis to mRNA targets which undergo degradation of the mRNA transcript because of a perfect seed sequence match. Dysregulated microRNA and mRNA are first identified by comparing their expression levels in tumor vs normal samples. Putative dysregulated microRNA/mRNA pairs are identified from these using seed sequence matches, requiring that the seed sequence be conserved in human/dog/rat/mouse genomes. These are further pruned by requiring a strong anti-correlation signature in tumor and/or normal samples. The method revealed many new regulations in ccRCC. For instance, loss of miR-149, miR-200c and mir-141 causes gain of function of oncogenes (KCNMA1, LOX), VEGFA and SEMA6A respectively and increased levels of miR-142-3p, miR-185, mir-34a, miR-224, miR-21 cause loss of function of tumor suppressors LRRC2, PTPN13, SFRP1, ERBB4, and (SLC12A1, TCF21) respectively. We also found strong anti-correlation between VEGFA and the miR-200 family of microRNA: miR-200a*, 200b, 200c and miR-141. Several identified microRNA/mRNA pairs were validated on an independent set of matched ccRCC/normal samples. The regulation of SEMA6A by miR-141 was verified by a transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS We describe a simple and reliable method to identify direct gene targets of microRNA in any cancer. The constraints we impose (strong dysregulation signature for microRNA and mRNA levels between tumor/normal samples, evolutionary conservation of seed sequence and strong anti-correlation of expression levels) remove spurious matches and identify a subset of robust, tissue specific, functional mRNA targets of dysregulated microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Liu
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Current address: Bioinformatics, Centocor R&D Inc, 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Angela R Brannon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anupama R Reddy
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael W Seiler
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alexandra Arreola
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jay H Oza
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - David Juan
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Louis S Liou
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Arnold J Levine
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - WK Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gyan V Bhanot
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Loss of miR-200c: A Marker of Aggressiveness and Chemoresistance in Female Reproductive Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2010:821717. [PMID: 20049172 PMCID: PMC2798671 DOI: 10.1155/2010/821717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We focus on unique roles of miR-200c in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Members of the miR-200 family target ZEB1, a transcription factor which represses E-cadherin and other genes involved in polarity. We demonstrate that the double negative feedback loop between miR-200c and ZEB1 is functional in some, but not all cell lines. Restoration of miR-200c to aggressive cancer cells causes a decrease in migration and invasion. These effects are independent of E-cadherin status. Additionally, we observe that restoration of miR-200c to ovarian cancer cells causes a decrease in adhesion to laminin. We have previously reported that reintroduction of miR-200c to aggressive cells that lack miR-200c expression restores sensitivity to paclitaxel. We now prove that this ability is a result of direct targeting of class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3). Introduction of a TUBB3 expression construct lacking the miR-200c target site into cells transfected with miR-200c mimic results in no change in sensitivity to paclitaxel. Lastly, we observe a decrease in proliferation in cells transfected with miR-200c mimic, and cells where ZEB1 is knocked down stably, demonstrating that the ability of miR-200c to enhance sensitivity to paclitaxel is not due to an increased proliferation rate.
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Lee CH, Subramanian S, Beck AH, Espinosa I, Senz J, Zhu SX, Huntsman D, van de Rijn M, Gilks CB. MicroRNA profiling of BRCA1/2 mutation-carrying and non-mutation-carrying high-grade serous carcinomas of ovary. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7314. [PMID: 19798417 PMCID: PMC2749450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNA) are 20 approximately 25 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that inhibit the translation of targeted mRNA, and they have been implicated in the development of human malignancies. High grade serous ovarian carcinomas, the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, can occur sporadically or in the setting of BRCA1/2 syndromes. Little is known regarding the miRNA expression profiles of high grade serous carcinoma in relation to BRCA1/2 status, and compared to normal tubal epithelium, the putative tissue of origin for high grade serous carcinomas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Global miRNA expression profiling was performed on a series of 33 high grade serous carcinomas, characterized with respect to BRCA1/2 status (mutation, epigenetic silencing with loss of expression or normal), and with clinical follow-up, together with 2 low grade serous carcinomas, 2 serous borderline tumors, and 3 normal fallopian tube samples, using miRNA microarrays (328 human miRNA). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on miRNA expression profiles showed no clear separation between the groups of carcinomas with different BRCA1/2 status. There were relatively few miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the genotypic subgroups. Comparison of 33 high grade serous carcinomas to 3 normal fallopian tube samples identified several dysregulated miRNAs (false discovery rate <5%), including miR-422b and miR-34c. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis performed on selected miRNAs confirmed the pattern of differential expression shown by microarray analysis. Prognostically, lower level miR-422b and miR-34c in high grade serous carcinomas were both associated with decreased disease-specific survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE High grade serous ovarian carcinomas with and without BRCA1/2 abnormalities demonstrate very similar miRNA expression profiles. High grade serous carcinomas as a group exhibit significant miRNA dysregulation in comparison to tubal epithelium and the levels of miR-34c and miR-422b appear to be prognostically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Lodes MJ, Caraballo M, Suciu D, Munro S, Kumar A, Anderson B. Detection of cancer with serum miRNAs on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6229. [PMID: 19597549 PMCID: PMC2704963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA species that play critical roles throughout cellular development and regulation. miRNA expression patterns taken from various tissue types often point to the cellular lineage of an individual tissue type, thereby being a more invariant hallmark of tissue type. Recent work has shown that these miRNA expression patterns can be used to classify tumor cells, and that this classification can be more accurate than the classification achieved by using messenger RNA gene expression patterns. One aspect of miRNA biogenesis that makes them particularly attractive as a biomarker is the fact that they are maintained in a protected state in serum and plasma, thus allowing the detection of miRNA expression patterns directly from serum. This study is focused on the evaluation of miRNA expression patterns in human serum for five types of human cancer, prostate, colon, ovarian, breast and lung, using a pan-human microRNA, high density microarray. This microarray platform enables the simultaneous analysis of all human microRNAs by either fluorescent or electrochemical signals, and can be easily redesigned to include newly identified miRNAs. We show that sufficient miRNAs are present in one milliliter of serum to detect miRNA expression patterns, without the need for amplification techniques. In addition, we are able to use these expression patterns to correctly discriminate between normal and cancer patient samples.
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Berry NB, Bapat SA. Ovarian cancer plasticity and epigenomics in the acquisition of a stem-like phenotype. J Ovarian Res 2008; 1:8. [PMID: 19025622 PMCID: PMC2612659 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is genetically and epigenetically distinct from normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) and early neoplasia. Co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in EOC suggests an involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer initiation and progression. This phenomenon is often associated with acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype and chemoresistance that correlate with the specific gene expression patterns accompanying transformation, revealing a plasticity of the ovarian cancer cell genome during disease progression.Differential gene expressions between normal and transformed cells reflect the varying mechanisms of regulation including genetic changes like rearrangements within the genome, as well as epigenetic changes such as global genomic hypomethylation with localized promoter CpG island hypermethylation. The similarity of gene expression between ovarian cancer cells and the stem-like ovarian cancer initiating cells (OCIC) are surprisingly also correlated with epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation in normal stem cells. Both normal and cancer stem cells maintain genetic flexibility by co-placement of activating and/or repressive epigenetic modifications on histone H3. The co-occupancy of such opposing histone marks is believed to maintain gene flexibility and such bivalent histones have been described as being poised for transcriptional activation or epigenetic silencing. The involvement of both-microRNA (miRNA) mediated epigenetic regulation, as well as epigenetic-induced changes in miRNA expression further highlight an additional complexity in cancer stem cell epigenomics.Recent advances in array-based whole-genome/epigenome analyses will continue to further unravel the genomes and epigenomes of cancer and cancer stem cells. In order to illuminate phenotypic signatures that delineate ovarian cancer from their associated cancer stem cells, a priority must lie in the expansion of current technologies and further implementation of bioinformatics to handle the complexity of the cancer epigenome and the various networks that coordinate disease initiation and progression. Great potential lies in the translation of these findings into epigenetic-based therapies. Additionally, targeting chemo-resistant cancer stem cells may provide a much needed breakthrough in treatment of advanced ovarian cancer and chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Berry
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, INDIA
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, INDIA
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