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Peña-Toledo MA, Luque E, LaTorre M, Jimena I, Leiva-Cepas F, Ruz-Caracuel I, Agüera E, Peña-Amaro J, Tunez I. The ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:401-412. [PMID: 35994513 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE-induced animals were treated with TMS (60 Hz at 0.7 mT) for 2 hours in the morning, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks, starting on day 15 post-immunization. The rats were sacrificed on day 36 post-immunization, and the soleus muscles were evaluated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Findings were compared with a non-treated EAE group. Electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of degenerated mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and altered myofibrils in non-treated EAE group. This correlates with the presence of acid phosphatase activity in muscle fibers and core-targetoid lesions with desmin immunohistochemistry. Most myonuclei in the EAE group showed apoptotic features. In contrast, EAE induced-TMS treated animals had less ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria and the myofibrils, together with less frequent apoptotic nuclear features. Peripheral desmin+ protrusions, as a marker of active satellite cells, were significantly increased in TMS-treated group. This correlates ultrastructurally with the presence of active features in satellite cells in the TMS group. In conclusion, the attenuation of ultrastructural alterations in muscle fibers and activation response of satellite cells caused by EAE indicated that skeletal muscle had a regenerative response to TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angeles Peña-Toledo
- Dementia and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jimena
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Leiva-Cepas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Dementia and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Peña-Amaro
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Tunez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Ministery for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
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2
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de Castro GS, Simoes E, Lima JDCC, Ortiz-Silva M, Festuccia WT, Tokeshi F, Alcântara PS, Otoch JP, Coletti D, Seelaender M. Human Cachexia Induces Changes in Mitochondria, Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Skeletal Muscle. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1264. [PMID: 31466311 PMCID: PMC6770124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by the continuous loss of skeletal muscle mass due to imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, which is related with poor prognosis and compromised quality of life. Dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with lower muscle strength and muscle atrophy in cancer patients, yet poorly described in human cachexia. We herein investigated mitochondrial morphology, autophagy and apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of patients with gastrointestinal cancer-associated cachexia (CC), as compared with a weight-stable cancer group (WSC). CC showed prominent weight loss and increased circulating levels of serum C-reactive protein, lower body mass index and decreased circulating hemoglobin, when compared to WSC. Electron microscopy analysis revealed an increase in intermyofibrillar mitochondrial area in CC, as compared to WSC. Relative gene expression of Fission 1, a protein related to mitochondrial fission, was increased in CC, as compared to WSC. LC3 II, autophagy-related (ATG) 5 and 7 essential proteins for autophagosome formation, presented higher content in the cachectic group. Protein levels of phosphorylated p53 (Ser46), activated caspase 8 (Asp384) and 9 (Asp315) were also increased in the skeletal muscle of CC. Overall, our results demonstrate that human cancer-associated cachexia leads to exacerbated muscle-stress response that may culminate in muscle loss, which is in part due to disruption of mitochondrial morphology, dysfunctional autophagy and increased apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing quantitative morphological alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondria in cachectic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joanna D C C Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Tokeshi
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Alcântara
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario Coletti
- Department of Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A (CNRS UMR 8256-INSERM ERL U1164-UPMC P6), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Janani MK, Jaichandran V, Madhavan HNR, Vijaya L, George RJ, Ambastha PS, Manu A, Malathi J. Effect of Lignocaine Concentration on Human Fibroblasts Growth in Eyes Undergoing Trabeculectomy: An in vitro Study. Biomed Hub 2018; 3:1-10. [PMID: 31988963 PMCID: PMC6945966 DOI: 10.1159/000491074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of lignocaine on growth and apoptosis indication of primary human Tenon's capsule fibroblast (HTFs) in an in vitro model. Patients and Methods Tenon's capsule tissue obtained from patients undergoing trabeculectomy were grown in cell culture medium. The effect of different concentrations of lignocaine (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%) on the morphology and growth of the fibroblasts was studied using microscopy, cell viability, and proliferation assay, and apoptosis was detected using the FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Kit. Results Morphological changes similar to those of apoptotic cells, including cytoplasmic vacuolation, shrinkage, and rounding were visualized in the cells treated with concentrations greater than 1.0% (i.e., 1.5, 2.0%). Though proliferation inhibition was found with all four concentrations (0.5–2.0%), the viability of cells decreased from 1.0% lignocaine. Conclusion 0.5% lignocaine prevents proliferation of fibroblasts without causing apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingam Vijaya
- Department of Glaucoma, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie Jacob George
- Department of Glaucoma, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Abhijeet Manu
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India
| | - Jambulingam Malathi
- L&T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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4
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Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Teti G, Chiarini F, Falconi M, Melchionda F, Pession A, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, McCubrey JA, Beak DJ, Bittman R, Pyne S, Pyne NJ, Martelli AM. Assessment of the effect of sphingosine kinase inhibitors on apoptosis,unfolded protein response and autophagy of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells; indications for novel therapeutics. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7886-901. [PMID: 25226616 PMCID: PMC4202168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that is formed by the phosphorylation of sphingosine and catalysed by sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) or sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2). Sphingosine kinases play a fundamental role in many signaling pathways associated with cancer, suggesting that proteins belonging to this signaling network represent potential therapeutic targets. Over the last years, many improvements have been made in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL); however, novel and less toxic therapies are still needed, especially for relapsing and chemo-resistant patients. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of SKi and ROMe, a sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor and SK2-selective inhibitor, respectively. While SKi induced apoptosis, ROMe initiated an autophagic cell death in our in vitro cell models. SKi treatment induced an increase in SK1 protein levels in Molt-4 cells, whereas it activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in Jurkat and CEM-R cells as protective mechanisms in a sub-population of T-ALL cells. Interestingly, we observed a synergistic effect of SKi with the classical chemotherapeutic drug vincristine. In addition, we reported that SKi affected signaling cascades implicated in survival, proliferation and stress response of cells. These findings indicate that SK1 or SK2 represent potential targets for treating T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. Muscoloskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory, IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. Muscoloskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory, IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seragnoli', S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seragnoli', S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Dong Jae Beak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Baldassarri V, Curzi D, Valmori A, Falcieri E. Melatonin prevents chemical-induced haemopoietic cell death. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6625-40. [PMID: 24747596 PMCID: PMC4013651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a methoxyindole synthesized by the pineal gland, is a powerful antioxidant in tissues as well as within cells, with a fundamental role in ameliorating homeostasis in a number of specific pathologies. It acts both as a direct radical scavenger and by stimulating production/activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. In this work, some chemical triggers, with different mechanisms of action, have been chosen to induce cell death in U937 hematopoietic cell line. Cells were pre-treated with 100 µM MEL and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide or staurosporine. Morphological analyses, TUNEL reaction and Orange/PI double staining have been used to recognize ultrastructural apoptotic patterns and to evaluate DNA behavior. Chemical damage and potential MEL anti-apoptotic effects were quantified by means of Tali® Image-Based Cytometer, able to monitor cell viability and apoptotic events. After trigger exposure, chromatin condensation, micronuclei formation and DNA fragmentation have been observed, all suggesting apoptotic cell death. These events underwent a statistically significant decrease in samples pre-treated with MEL. After caspase inhibition and subsequent assessment of cell viability, we demonstrated that apoptosis occurs, at least in part, through the mitochondrial pathway and that MEL interacts at this level to rescue U937 cells from death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Davide Curzi
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Valmori
- IGM, CNR, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy.
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6
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Zhou X, Li YH, Yu HZ, Wang RX, Fan TJ. Local anesthetic lidocaine induces apoptosis in human corneal stromal cells in vitro. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:766-71. [PMID: 24392322 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To demonstrate the apoptosis-inducing effect of lidocaine on human corneal stromal (HCS) cells in vitro, and provide experimental basis for safety anesthetic usage in clinic of ophthalmology. METHODS In vitro cultured HCS cells were treated with lidocaine at different doses and times, and their morphology was monitored successively with inverted phase contrast microscopy. The membrane permeability of them was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining. The DNA fragmentation of them was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis, and their ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. RESULTS Exposure to lidocaine at doses from 0.3125g/L to 20g/L induced morphological changes of HCS cells such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, cellular shrinkage, and turning round, and elevated membrane permeability of these cells in AO/EB staining. The change of morphology and membrane permeability was dose- and time-dependent, while lidocaine at dose below 0.15625g/L could not induce these changes. Furthermore, lidocaine induced DNA fragmentation and ultrastructural changes such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, structural disorganization, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body appearance of the cells. CONCLUSION Lidocaine has significant cytotoxicity on human corneal stromal cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis of these cells. The established experimental model and findings based on this model here help provide new insight into the apoptosis-inducing effect of local anesthetics in eye clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Han Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao-Ze Yu
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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7
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Li B, Wan X, Zhu Q, Li L, Zeng Y, Hu D, Qian Y, Lu L, Wang X, Meng X. Net expression inhibits the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell PL45 in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57818. [PMID: 23469073 PMCID: PMC3585156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic options. Thus, it is important to better understand its molecular mechanisms and to develop more effective treatments for the disease. The ternary complex factor Net, which exerts its strong inhibitory function on transcription of proto-oncogene gene c-fos by forming ternary complexes with a second transcription factor, has been suspected of being involved in pancreatic cancer and other tumors biology. In this study, we found that the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines had weak or no expression of Net, whereas significantly high level of Net expression occurred in paired adjacent normal tissues we studied. Furthermore, using in vitro and in vivo model systems, we found that overexpression of Net inhibited cell growth and survival and induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell PL45; the mechanisms by which Net inhibited the cell cycle progression were mainly through P21-Cyclin D1/CDK4 Pathway. Our data thus suggested that Net might play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, possibly by acting as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duanmin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XM)
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XM)
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8
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Baldassarri V, Maltarello MC, Falcieri E. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced apoptosis in various cell lineages in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:532-46. [PMID: 23271369 PMCID: PMC3565280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation acts as a strong apoptotic trigger in many cell types, in tumor and normal cells. Several studies have demonstrated that UVB-induced cell death occurs through the generation of reactive oxygen species. The consequent oxidative stress includes the impairment of cellular antioxidants, the induction of DNA damage and the occurrence of apoptosis. In this review, we investigated UVB apoptotic action in various cell models by using ultrastructural, molecular and cytofluorimetric techniques. Myeloid leukemia HL-60, T-lymphoblastoid Molt-4 and myelomonocytic U937 human cells, generally affected by apoptotic stimuli, were studied. Human chondrocytes and C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, known to be more resistant to damage, were also considered. All of them, when exposed to UVB radiation, revealed a number of characteristic apoptotic markers. Membrane blebbing, cytoplasm shrinkage and chromatin condensation were detected by means of electron microscopy. DNA cleavage, investigated by using agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL reaction, was observed in suspended cells. Differently, in chondrocytes and in skeletal muscle cells, oligonucleosomic DNA fragmentation did not appear, even if a certain TUNEL positivity was detected. These findings demonstrate that UVB radiation appears to be an ideal tool to study the apoptotic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino 61029, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino 61029, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Michela Battistelli
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino 61029, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Baldassarri
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino 61029, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Maria Cristina Maltarello
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino 61029, Italy; E-Mails: (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.B.); (V.B.)
- IGM, CNR, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0722304284; Fax: +39-0722304244
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9
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Curzi D, Salucci S, Marini M, Esposito F, Agnello L, Veicsteinas A, Burattini S, Falcieri E. How physical exercise changes rat myotendinous junctions: an ultrastructural study. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e19. [PMID: 22688300 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotendinous junctions can be easily injured by overloading or trauma, and exercise training may be a way of increasing their resistance to mechanical stress. To this end, we examined herein the morphological changes induced by moderate exercise training in the myotendinous junctions of extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this investigation. Six of them were trained to run on a treadmill for 1 h/day, 3 days/week over 10 weeks in order for them to achieve a running rate of 25 m/min at the end of the training period. Six age-matched sedentary rats were used as controls. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the final training session, and the extensor digitorum longum (EDL) and the gastrocnemium were excised; the myotendinous junctions (MTJ) were then prepared and observed with electron microscopy. Digitation branching was evaluated by counting the bifurcations in the MTJ protrusions. Our observations indicate that exercise does indeed induce changes in MTJ morphology. In both muscles the number of bifurcated interdigitations increased significantly, as well as, in gastrocnemius, the branching of the finger-like processes. It was demonstrated that the MTJ is able to adapt to an increase in tensile force by enlarging the muscle-tendon contact area and, consequently, mechanical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Curzi
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bò, Italy
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10
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Barbieri E, Battistelli M, Casadei L, Vallorani L, Piccoli G, Guescini M, Gioacchini AM, Polidori E, Zeppa S, Ceccaroli P, Stocchi L, Stocchi V, Falcieri E. Morphofunctional and Biochemical Approaches for Studying Mitochondrial Changes during Myoblasts Differentiation. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:845379. [PMID: 21629710 PMCID: PMC3100678 DOI: 10.4061/2011/845379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes mitochondrial behaviour during the C2C12 myoblast differentiation program and proposes a proteomic approach to mitochondria integrated with classical morphofunctional and biochemical analyses. Mitochondrial ultrastructure variations were determined by transmission electron microscopy; mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were analysed by Mitotracker Green and JC-1 stains and by epifluorescence microscope. Expression of PGC1α, NRF1α, and Tfam genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis was studied by real-time PCR. The mitochondrial functionality was tested by cytochrome c oxidase activity and COXII expression. Mitochondrial proteomic profile was also performed. These assays showed that mitochondrial biogenesis and activity significantly increase in differentiating myotubes. The proteomic profile identifies 32 differentially expressed proteins, mostly involved in oxidative metabolism, typical of myotubes formation. Other notable proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a cell protection molecule, and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein (VDAC1) involved in the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, were found to be regulated by the myogenic process. The integration of these approaches represents a helpful tool for studying mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and functionality in comparative surveys on mitochondrial pathogenic or senescent satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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