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Resag A, Toffanin G, Benešová I, Müller L, Potkrajcic V, Ozaniak A, Lischke R, Bartunkova J, Rosato A, Jöhrens K, Eckert F, Strizova Z, Schmitz M. The Immune Contexture of Liposarcoma and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194578. [PMID: 36230502 PMCID: PMC9559230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LPS) are the most frequent malignancies in the soft tissue sarcoma family and consist of five distinctive histological subtypes, termed well-differentiated LPS, dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS), myxoid LPS (MLPS), pleomorphic LPS, and myxoid pleomorphic LPS. They display variations in genetic alterations, clinical behavior, and prognostic course. While accumulating evidence implicates a crucial role of the tumor immune contexture in shaping the response to anticancer treatments, the immunological landscape of LPS is highly variable across different subtypes. Thus, DDLPS is characterized by a higher abundance of infiltrating T cells, yet the opposite was reported for MLPS. Interestingly, a recent study indicated that the frequency of pre-existing T cells in soft tissue sarcomas has a predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. Additionally, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures were identified as potential biomarkers for the clinical outcome of LPS patients and response to CPI therapy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that macrophages, predominantly of M2 polarization, are frequently associated with poor prognosis. An improved understanding of the complex LPS immune contexture enables the design and refinement of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent studies focusing on the clinicopathological, genetic, and immunological determinants of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Resag
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Toffanin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Benešová
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luise Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vlatko Potkrajcic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
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Yang G, Yuan Z, Ahmed K, Welsh EA, Fulp WJ, Gonzalez RJ, Mullinax JE, Letson D, Bui M, Harrison LB, Scott JG, Torres-Roca JF, Naghavi AO. Genomic identification of sarcoma radiosensitivity and the clinical implications for radiation dose personalization. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101165. [PMID: 34246048 PMCID: PMC8274330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas have traditionally been treated with a one-size fits all approach, despite a wide range of histologies and clinical outcomes. The radiosensitivity index has demonstrated that soft tissue sarcomas are in general radioresistant, however exhibit a wide range of radiosensitivity. These differences in radiosensitivity are associated with decreased locoregional control in patients with radioresistant histologies. Using the radiosensitivity index we identify specific histologies of soft tissue sarcoma that may be more radioresistant, and suggest a genomic-based radiation dosing framework.
Background Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous with variable response to radiation therapy (RT). Utilizing the radiosensitivity index (RSI) we estimated the radiobiologic ratio of lethal to sublethal damage (α/β), genomic-adjusted radiation dose(GARD), and in-turn a biological effective radiation dose (BED). Methods Two independent cohorts of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were identified. The first cohort included 217 genomically-profiled samples from our institutional prospective tissue collection protocol; RSI was calculated for these samples, which were then used to dichotomize the population as either highly radioresistant (HRR) or conventionally radioresistant (CRR). In addition, RSI was used to calculate α/β ratio and GARD, providing ideal dosing based on sarcoma genomic radiosensitivity. A second cohort comprising 399 non-metastatic-STS patients treated with neoadjuvant RT and surgery was used to validate our findings. Results Based on the RSI of the sample cohort, 84% would historically be considered radioresistant. We identified a HRR subset that had a significant difference in the RSI, and clinically a lower tumor response to radiation (2.4% vs. 19.4%), 5-year locoregional-control (76.5% vs. 90.8%), and lower estimated α/β (3.29 vs. 5.98), when compared to CRR sarcoma. Using GARD, the dose required to optimize outcome in the HRR subset is a BEDα/β=3.29 of 97 Gy. Conclusions We demonstrate that on a genomic scale, that although STS is radioresistant overall, they are heterogeneous in terms of radiosensitivity. We validated this clinically and estimated an α/β ratio and dosing that would optimize outcome, personalizing dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Yang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - Zhigang Yuan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilyn Bui
- Sarcoma, United States; Pathology, United States
| | - Louis B Harrison
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Cleveland Clinic, Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, United States
| | - Javier F Torres-Roca
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - Arash O Naghavi
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States.
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Ashraf U, Dudekula RA, Roy S, Burack J, Malik S, Khaja M. Recurrent intrathoracic dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2019; 26:281-284. [PMID: 30847274 PMCID: PMC6389794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liposarcoma (LPS) is the second most common type of soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for approximately 15–20% of all the sarcomas. Primary intrathoracic LPS, however, is quite rare. LPS is a malignant mesenchymal tumor, comprised of lipogenic tissue with varying degrees of atypia. It can be subclassified into well-differentiated LPS (WDLPS), myxoid LPS (MLPS)/round cell LPS, pleomorphic LPS (PLPs), and dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS), based on the histology. Case presentation A 76-year-old male patient initially presented to the emergency room with a complaint of precordial chest pain for one month. Computed tomography (CT) of his chest showed a large, 8 cm × 8 cm x 10 cm, supradiaphragmatic, complex solid mass in the lower left hemithorax, along the anterior chest wall. Chest wall mass excision revealed dedifferentiated LPS, with excision of margins. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan did not show metastatic disease. Seven months later, he presented with shortness of breath, and CT of the chest showed large, left pleural-based masses, causing compression of surrounding structures. He was not a candidate for surgical resection. This patient subsequently failed chemotherapy and opted for hospice. Conclusion Intrathoracic LPS is a rare tumor. Recurrence is higher with dedifferentiated histology forms. Radical surgery with excision of margins is the primary recommended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmed Dudekula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Swathi Roy
- Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Joshua Burack
- Department of Surgery, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Sandeep Malik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Misbahuddin Khaja
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated with Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
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Pollock RE, Payne JE, Rogers AD, Smith SM, Iwenofu OH, Valerio IL, Zomerlei TA, Howard JH, Dornbos D, Galgano MA, Goulart C, Mendel E, Miller ED, Xu-Welliver M, Martin DD, Haglund KE, Bupathi M, Chen JL, Yeager ND. Multidisciplinary sarcoma care. Curr Probl Surg 2018; 55:517-580. [PMID: 30526918 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E Pollock
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
| | - Jason E Payne
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Alan D Rogers
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephen M Smith
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - O Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian L Valerio
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - David Dornbos
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Ehud Mendel
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric D Miller
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Karl E Haglund
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - James L Chen
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicholas D Yeager
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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The Role of the Anti-Aging Protein Klotho in IGF-1 Signaling and Reticular Calcium Leak: Impact on the Chemosensitivity of Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110439. [PMID: 30441794 PMCID: PMC6266342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
By inhibiting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Receptor (IGF-1R) signaling, Klotho (KL) acts like an aging- and tumor-suppressor. We investigated whether KL impacts the aggressiveness of liposarcomas, in which IGF-1R signaling is frequently upregulated. Indeed, we observed that a higher KL expression in liposarcomas is associated with a better outcome for patients. Moreover, KL is downregulated in dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) compared to well-differentiated tumors and adipose tissue. Because DDLPS are high-grade tumors associated with poor prognosis, we examined the potential of KL as a tool for overcoming therapy resistance. First, we confirmed the attenuation of IGF-1-induced calcium (Ca2+)-response and Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in KL-overexpressing human DDLPS cells. KL overexpression also reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and increased apoptosis induced by gemcitabine, thapsigargin, and ABT-737, all of which are counteracted by IGF-1R-dependent signaling and activate Ca2+-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Then, we monitored cell death and cytosolic Ca2+-responses and demonstrated that KL increases the reticular Ca2+-leakage by maintaining TRPC6 at the ER and opening the translocon. Only the latter is necessary for sensitizing DDLPS cells to reticular stressors. This was associated with ERK1/2 inhibition and could be mimicked with IGF-1R or MEK inhibitors. These observations provide a new therapeutic strategy in the management of DDLPS.
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Kapodistrias N, Mavridis K, Batistatou A, Gogou P, Karavasilis V, Sainis I, Briasoulis E, Scorilas A. Assessing the clinical value of microRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liposarcoma tissues: Overexpressed miR-155 is an indicator of poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6896-6913. [PMID: 28036291 PMCID: PMC5351678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a malignancy with extreme heterogeneity and thus optimization towards personalizing patient prognosis and treatment is essential. Here, we evaluated miR-155, miR-21, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-451 that are implicated in LPS, as novel FFPE tissue biomarkers. A total of 83 FFPE tissue specimens from primary LPS and lipomas (LPM) were analyzed. A proteinase K incubation-Trizol treatment coupled protocol was used for RNA isolation. After polyadenylation of total RNA and reverse transcription, expression analysis of 9 candidate reference and 5 target miRNAs was performed by qPCR. Genorm and NormFinder were used for finding the most suitable molecules for normalization. Survival analyses were performed in order to evaluate the prognostic potential of miRNAs. MiR-103 and miR-191 are most suitable for normalization of miRNA expression in LPS. MiR-155 and miR-21 are clearly overexpressed (P<0.001) in LPS compared with LPM specimens, whereas miR-145 (P<0.001), miR-143 (P =0.008) and miR-451 (P=0.037) are underexpressed. MiR-155 (P=0.007) and miR-21 (P=0.029) are differentially expressed between well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid/round cell and pleomorphic LPs tumor subtypes. MiR-155 represents a novel independent indicator of unfavorable prognosis in LPS (HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23–7.17, P = 0.016).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Penelope Gogou
- Clinical Oncology Department, Norwich University Hospital, UK
| | | | - Ioannis Sainis
- Cancer Biobank Center, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Briasoulis
- Cancer Biobank Center, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
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Noronha S, Alt LAC, Scimeca TE, Zarou O, Obrzut J, Zanotti B, Hayward EA, Pillai A, Mathur S, Rojas J, Salamah R, Chandar N, Fay MJ. Preclinical evaluation of the Aurora kinase inhibitors AMG 900, AZD1152-HQPA, and MK-5108 on SW-872 and 93T449 human liposarcoma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:71-84. [PMID: 29197031 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor that originates from adipose tissue and is one of the most frequently diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas in humans. There is great interest in identifying novel chemotherapeutic options for treating liposarcoma based upon molecular alterations in the cancer cells. The Aurora kinases have been identified as promising chemotherapeutic targets based on their altered expression in many human cancers and cellular roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of an Aurora kinase A inhibitor (MK-5108), an Aurora kinase B inhibitor (AZD1152-HQPA), and a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor (AMG 900) on undifferentiated SW-872 and well-differentiated 93T449 human liposarcoma cells. Treatment of the SW-872 and 93T449 cells with MK-5108 (0-1000 nM), AZD1152-HQPA (0-1000 nM), and AMG 900 (0-1000 nM) for 72 h resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the total viable cell number. Based upon the EC50 values, the potency of the three Aurora kinase inhibitors in the SW-872 cells was as follows: AMG 900 (EC50 = 3.7 nM) > AZD1152-HQPA (EC50 = 43.4 nM) > MK-5108 (EC50 = 309.0 nM), while the potency in the 93T449 cells was as follows: AMG 900 (EC50 = 6.5 nM) > AZD1152-HQPA (EC50 = 74.5 nM) > MK-5108 (EC50 = 283.6 nM). The percentage of polyploidy after 72 h of drug treatment (0-1000 nM) was determined by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis. AMG 900 caused a significant increase in polyploidy starting at 25 nM in the SW-872 and 93T449 cells, and AZD1152-HQPA caused a significant increase starting at 100 nM in the SW-872 cells and 250 nM in the 93T449 cells. The Aurora kinase A inhibitor MK-5108 did not significantly increase the percentage of polyploid cells at any of the doses tested in either cell line. The expression of Aurora kinase A and B was evaluated in the SW-872 cells versus differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Aurora kinase A and B mRNA expression was significantly increased in the SW-872 cells versus the differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells. Western blot analysis revealed a ~ 48 kDa immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase A that was not present in the differentiated adipocytes or the human mesenchymal stem cells. A ~ 39 kDa immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase B was detected in the SW-872 cells, differentiated adipocytes, and human mesenchymal stem cells. A smaller immunoreactive band for Aurora kinase B was detected in the SW-872 cells but not in the differentiated adipocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells, and this may reflect the expression of a truncated splice variant of Aurora kinase B that has been associated with poor patient prognosis. The 93T449 cells demonstrated decreased expression of Aurora kinase A and B mRNA and protein compared to the SW-872 cells, and also expressed the truncated form of Aurora kinase B. The results of these in vitro studies indicate that Aurora kinase inhibitors should be further investigated as possible chemotherapeutic agents for human liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Noronha
- Physician Assistant Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Lauren A C Alt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Taylor E Scimeca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Omran Zarou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Justyna Obrzut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Brian Zanotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Akhil Pillai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Shubha Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Joseph Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Ribhi Salamah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Nalini Chandar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Michael J Fay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
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Cavin-2 is a specific marker for detection of well-differentiated liposarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:660-665. [PMID: 28865960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are cholesterol enriched invaginations of the plasma membrane involved in a variety of processes, including glucose and fatty acids absorption, cell transduction and mechanoprotection. The biogenesis and function of caveolae depend on the activity of Caveolin (Cav-1, -2 and -3) and Cavin (Cavin-1, -2, -3 and -4) protein families. Since the membrane Cavin-2 protein was reported to play a key role in caveolae formation of adipocytes, in this work we have used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate its expression in liposarcoma (LPS), an adipocytic soft tissue sarcoma affecting adults. Data obtained through an in silico and immunohistochemical analysis suggest that Cavin-2, along with Cavin-1, Cav-1 and Cav-2, is mostly expressed in the least aggressive LPS subtype, namely well-differentiated LPS, while is almost undetectable in the more aggressive myxoid, pleomorphic and dedifferentiated LPS tumors. Accordingly, in vitro analysis confirmed that Cavin-2 expression increases in LPS tumor cell lines during differentiation as compared to proliferation, as detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these data suggest that Cavin-2 represents a useful marker for discriminating the degree of differentiation in LPS tumors.
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Epistatic interaction between the lipase-encoding genes Pnpla2 and Lipe causes liposarcoma in mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006716. [PMID: 28459858 PMCID: PMC5432192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is an often fatal cancer of fat cells. Mechanisms of liposarcoma development are incompletely understood. The cleavage of fatty acids from acylglycerols (lipolysis) has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice with adipose tissue deficiency of two major enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), encoded respectively by Pnpla2 and Lipe. Adipocytes from double adipose knockout (DAKO) mice, deficient in both ATGL and HSL, showed near-complete deficiency of lipolysis. All DAKO mice developed liposarcoma between 11 and 14 months of age. No tumors occurred in single knockout or control mice. The transcriptome of DAKO adipose tissue showed marked differences from single knockout and normal controls as early as 3 months. Gpnmb and G0s2 were among the most highly dysregulated genes in premalignant and malignant DAKO adipose tissue, suggesting a potential utility as early markers of the disease. Similar changes of GPNMB and G0S2 expression were present in a human liposarcoma database. These results show that a previously-unknown, fully penetrant epistatic interaction between Pnpla2 and Lipe can cause liposarcoma in mice. DAKO mice provide a promising model for studying early premalignant changes that lead to late-onset malignant disease. Liposarcoma is an often fatal adult-onset tumor of fat tissue. Lipolysis, the central pathway of fat tissue metabolism, has been implicated in cancer. We generated mice that were deficient in two key enzymes of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Strikingly, all mice with combined ATGL and HSL deficiency developed liposarcoma by 11–14 months of age. No liposarcoma occurred in single knockout or normal controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a subset of genes is dysregulated by 3 months of age. Our study reveals a novel epistatic interaction in fat cells between these two lipase genes and that causes a unique form of liposarcoma in mice. The double knockout mice provide a novel tool to study the early stages of liposarcoma development, prognostic markers and preventive treatments.
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Kang MH, Reynolds CP, Kolb EA, Gorlick R, Carol H, Lock R, Keir ST, Maris JM, Wu J, Lyalin D, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ, Smith MA. Initial Testing (Stage 1) of MK-8242-A Novel MDM2 Inhibitor-by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1744-52. [PMID: 27238606 PMCID: PMC5657425 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MK-8242 is an inhibitor of MDM2 that stabilizes the tumor suppressor TP53 and induces growth arrest or apoptosis downstream of TP53 induction. PROCEDURES MK-8242 was tested against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) in vitro cell line panel at concentrations from 1.0 nM to 10.0 μM and against the PPTP in vivo xenograft panels using oral gavage on Days 1-5 and Day 15-19 at a dose of 125 mg/kg (solid tumors) or 75 mg/kg (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] models). RESULTS The median IC50 for MK-8242 was 0.07 μM for TP53 wild-type cell lines versus >10 μM for TP53 mutant cell lines. MK-8242 induced a twofold or greater delay in time to event in 10 of 17 (59%) of TP53 wild-type solid tumor xenografts, excluding osteosarcoma xenografts that have very low TP53 expression. Objective responses were observed in seven solid tumor xenografts representing multiple histotypes. For the systemic-disease ALL panel, among eight xenografts there were two complete responses (CRs) and six partial responses (PRs). Two additional MLL-rearranged xenografts (MV4;11 and RS4;11) grown subcutaneously showed maintained CR and PR, respectively. The expected pharmacodynamic responses to TP53 activation were observed in TP53 wild-type models treated with MK-8242. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that MK-8242 drug exposure in SCID mice appears to exceed that was observed in adult phase 1 trials. CONCLUSIONS MK-8242-induced tumor regressions across multiple solid tumor histotypes and induced CRs or PRs for most ALL xenografts. This activity was observed at MK-8242 drug exposures that appear to exceed those observed in human phase 1 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min H. Kang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | | | | | | | - Hernan Carol
- Children’s Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Lock
- Children’s Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jianwrong Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trabectedin (ET-743) is a synthetic marine derived alkylating agent, extracted originally from a Caribbean Sea sponge. It is approved for the treatment of Soft Tissue sarcomas (STS) in Europe and recently by the FDA for liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. AREAS COVERED Trabectedin has multiple mechanisms of action, including one targeting the FUS-CHOP oncogene in Myxoid/Round cell Liposarcomas. Numerous Phase I, II and III clinical trials have been conducted with Trabectedin. It has been studied as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The recommended dose based on clinical trials is 1.5 milligrams/m(2) continuous infusion over 24 hours once every 3 weeks for STS with evidence of disease control in multiple clinical trials at this dose. The most common Grade 3/4 toxicities include neutropenia and transient noncumulative elevations of ALT and AST. Steroid pretreatment has shown efficacy in reducing liver and bone marrow toxicity. In phase III testing comparing trabectedin to dacarbazine, trabectedin was associated with a significantly improved progression free survival rate in patients with advanced lipo- and leiomyosarcomas. EXPERT OPINION Trabectedin is an important new addition to the limited treatment options currently available for STS, especially for patients with liposarcoma that have progressed on standard chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Zijoo
- a PGY-2 Resident, Department of Internal Medicine , Seton Hall University, Saint Francis Medical Center , Trenton , NJ , USA
| | - Margaret von Mehren
- b Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Codenotti S, Vezzoli M, Poliani PL, Cominelli M, Bono F, Kabbout H, Faggi F, Chiarelli N, Colombi M, Zanella I, Biasiotto G, Montanelli A, Caimi L, Monti E, Fanzani A. Caveolin-1, Caveolin-2 and Cavin-1 are strong predictors of adipogenic differentiation in human tumors and cell lines of liposarcoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:252-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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